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Course 1: Civil and Environmental Engineering |
 | | | 1.00-1.149 | | | 1.150-1.499 | | | 1.50-1.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | |  |
Fundamentals1.00 Engineering Computation and Data Science
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(Subject meets with 1.001) Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) and ((6.100A and 6.100B) or (6.100L and 16.C20)) Units: 3-2-7 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (1-390) Lab: F9-11 (1-390) 
Presents engineering problems in a computational setting with emphasis on data science and problem abstraction. Covers exploratory data analysis and visualization, filtering, regression. Building basic machine learning models (classifiers, decision trees, clustering) for smart city applications. Labs and programming projects focused on analytics problems faced by cities, infrastructure, and environment. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments and project work. J. Williams No required or recommended textbooks 1.000 Introduction to Computer Programming and Numerical Methods for Engineering Applications
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Prereq: None. Coreq: 18.03 Units: 3-2-7
Presents the fundamentals of computing and computer programming (procedural and object-oriented programming) in an engineering context. Introduces logical operations, floating-point arithmetic, data structures, induction, iteration, and recursion. Computational methods for interpolation, regression, root finding, sorting, searching, and the solution of linear systems of equations and ordinary differential equations. Control of sensors and visualization of scientific data. Draws examples from engineering and scientific applications. Students use the Python programming environment to complete weekly assignments. R. Juanes 1.001 Engineering Computation and Data Science
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(Subject meets with 1.00) Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) Units: 3-2-7 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (1-390) Lab: F9-11 (1-390)
Presents engineering problems in a computational setting with emphasis on data science and problem abstraction. Covers exploratory data analysis and visualization, filtering, regression. Building basic machine learning models (classifiers, decision trees, clustering) for smart city applications. Labs and programming projects focused on analytics problems faced by cities, infrastructure and environment. Students taking graduate version will complete additional assignments and project work. Programming experience in a language is required. J. Williams No required or recommended textbooks 1.004 Startup Sustainable Tech
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 1.147) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides a practical introduction to key innovations in the fields of civil and environmental engineering that are currently having an impact. Structured around the different aspects of starting and maintaining a company in the first years after incorporation. Key topics include idea protection, team formation, and seed funds. Guest speakers who are involved in the startup process or are successful entrepreneurs present. Under faculty supervision, students work on case studies in areas such as renewable energy, sustainable design, food security, climate change, new infrastructures, and transportation. Concludes with the writing of a SBIR/STTR-type grant or business model. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. B. Marelli 1.005 Experiential Sustainability
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Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2
Examines the frameworks, governance, science, and social science of sustainability around students' summer internships, research, and other experiential learning activities. During the summer (virtually) and through the first four weeks of the fall term, students engage in small group discussions on diverse topics in sustainability, from environmental justice to corporate social responsibility. Includes global climate action negotiation simulation activities, roundtables with experts in sustainability, and/or similar opportunities for interaction with broad topics in sustainability. In the fall, students reflect on their engagement with sustainability during their summer experience, culminating in a showcase of final presentations. Students planning to take this subject must apply in the spring; consult the program website for details. D. Plata 1.006 Tools for Sustainable Design
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Conveys the principles, tools, and practice of environmentally sustainable design. Augments understanding of societal limitations to implementation of sustainable solutions, such that they may be strategically navigated. Presents the arguments and historical motivation for early evaluation of environmental impact metrics; illustrates and utilizes modern, rigorous tools for environmental optimization; and highlights national and global experts drawn from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), government, industry, and academia. Provides an overview of the principles of Green Chemistry and Engineering, Life Cycle Analysis, toxicity prediction, and basic chemical and materials flows knowledge. D. Plata 1.008 Engineering for a Sustainable World
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Prereq: None Units: 1-1-1 [P/D/F]
Introduces engineering principles for sustainable development of infrastructure, environmental, and societal systems. Faculty members discuss case studies that highlight challenges and opportunities in the areas of smart cities, cyber-physical systems (transportation, electricity, and societal networks), sustainable resource management (land, water, and energy), and resilient design under the changing environment. Instruction covers the use of computation and data analytics for generating insights, and exercises designed to promote systems thinking and problem-solving skills. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. S. Amin 1.009 Climate Change
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Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Provides an introduction to global climate change processes, drivers, and impacts. Offers exposure to exciting MIT research on climate change. Students explore why and how the world should solve this global problem and how they can contribute to the solutions. Students produce a mini-project on the topic. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. E. Eltahir 1.010 Probability and Causal Inference
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 5-0-7
Introduces probability and causal inference with an emphasis on understanding, quantifying, and modeling uncertainty and cause-effect relationships in an engineering context. Topics in the first half include events and their probability, the total probability and Bayes' theorems, discrete and continuous random variables and vectors, and conditional analysis. Topics in the second half include covariance, correlation, regression analysis, causality analysis, structural causal models, interventions, and hypothesis testing. Concepts illustrated through data and applications. credit cannot also be received for 1.010A or 1.010B. S. Saavedra 1.010A Probability: Concepts and Applications
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Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 2-0-4
Introduces probability with an emphasis on probabilistic systems analysis. Readings about conceptual and mathematical background are given in advanced of each class. Classes revise background and are centered on developing problem-solving skills. The course is exam-based and focused on the analysis of probabilistic outcomes, estimating what can happen under uncertain environments. Topics include random events and their probability, combinatorial analysis, conditional analysis, random vectors, functions of random vectors, propagation of uncertainty, and prediction analysis. Credit cannot also be received for 1.010. S. Saavedra 1.010B Causal Inference for Data Analysis
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Prereq: 1.010A or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Introduces causal inference with an emphasis on probabilistic systems analysis. Readings about conceptual and mathematical background are given in advanced of each class. Class is focused on understanding theory based on real-world applications. The course is project-based and focused on cause-effect relationships, understanding why probabilistic outcomes happen. Topics include correlation analysis, Reichenbach's principle, Simpson's paradox, structural causal models and graphs, interventions, do-calculus, average causal effects, dealing with missing information, mediation, and hypothesis testing. Credit cannot also be received for 1.010. S. Saavedra 1.013 Senior Civil and Environmental Engineering Design
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-3-2 Lecture: T2-4 (1-246) Lab: TBA
Students engage with faculty around a topic of mutual interest, building on the knowledge/skills gained throughout their program. Synthesizes prior coursework and experiences through a semester-long design project and related assignments. Students form teams and work on projects advised by faculty representatives from each core in the 1-ENG curriculum. Teams demonstrate creativity in applying theories and methodologies while considering their project's technical, environmental and social feasibility. Includes lectures on a variety of related engineering concepts, as well as scholarship and engineering practice and ethics. Provides instruction and practice in oral and written communication. Fall: B. Marelli Spring: B. Marelli, O. Cordero No required or recommended textbooks 1.015[J] Design of Electromechanical Robotic Systems
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(Same subject as 2.017[J]) Prereq: 2.003, 2.016, and 2.678; Coreq: 2.671 Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (1-134) Lab: W2-5 (NW98-100)
Design, construction, and testing of field robotic systems, through team projects with each student responsible for a specific subsystem. Projects focus on electronics, instrumentation, and machine elements. Design for operation in uncertain conditions is a focus point, with ocean waves and marine structures as a central theme. Basic statistics, linear systems, Fourier transforms, random processes, spectra and extreme events with applications in design. Lectures on ethics in engineering practice included. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Satisfies 6 units of Institute Laboratory credit. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity. M. Triantafyllou, A. Bennett No required or recommended textbooks 1.016[J] Design for Complex Environmental Issues
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(Same subject as 2.00C[J], EC.746[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-2-4 Lecture: MW3-4.30 (4-402) Recitation: F3-4.30 (4-402)
Working in small teams with real clients, students develop solutions related to the year's Terrascope topic. They have significant autonomy as they follow a full engineering design cycle from client profile through increasingly sophisticated prototypes to final product. Provides opportunities to acquire skills with power tools, workshop practice, design, product testing, and teamwork. Focuses on sustainability and appropriate technology that matches the client's specific situation and constraints. Products are exhibited in the public Bazaar of Ideas and evaluated by an expert panel. Class taught in collaboration with the Edgerton Center, D-Lab, and Beaver Works. Limited to first-year students. Preference given to students who have completed 12.000, but open to students outside Terrascope when space permits. A. W. Epstein,D. Brancazio J. Grimm No required or recommended textbooks 1.018[J] Fundamentals of Ecology
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(Same subject as 7.30[J], 12.031[J]) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8
Fundamentals of ecology, considering Earth as an integrated dynamic living system. Coevolution of the biosphere and geosphere, biogeochemical cycles, metabolic diversity, primary productivity, competition and the niche, trophic dynamics and food webs, population growth and limiting factors. Population modeling, global carbon cycle, climate change, geoengineering, theories of resource competition and mutualism, allometric scaling, ecological genomics, niche theory, human population growth. Applied ecology. O. Cordero, D. McRose, C. Terrer 1.020 Modeling and Decision-Making for Sustainability
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Prereq: Physics I (GIR), 18.03, and (1.00 or 1.000) Units: 3-2-7 Lecture: MW9-10.30 (1-277) Recitation: F10-12 (1-246)
Introduces a systems approach to modeling, analysis, and design of sustainable systems. Covers principles of dynamical systems, network models, optimization, and control, with applications in ecosystems, infrastructure networks, and energy systems. Includes a significant programming component. Students implement and analyze numerical models of systems, and make design decisions to balance physical, environmental, and economic considerations based on real and simulated data. S. Amin No required or recommended textbooks 1.021 Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
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Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.021, 3.021, 10.333, 22.00) Prereq: 18.03 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR3-4.30 (4-231) Recitation: W3 (4-153)
Basic concepts of computer modeling and simulation in science and engineering. Uses techniques and software for simulation, data analysis and visualization. Continuum, mesoscale, atomistic and quantum methods used to study fundamental and applied problems in physics, chemistry, materials science, mechanics, engineering, and biology. Examples drawn from the disciplines above are used to understand or characterize complex structures and materials, and complement experimental observations. M. Buehler, A. Hoffman No required or recommended textbooks 1.022 Introduction to Network Models
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Prereq: (1.010A, 18.03, and (1.00 or 1.000)) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR10.30-12 (1-375) Recitation: F11 (1-132)
Provides an introduction to complex networks, their structure, and function, with examples from engineering, applied mathematics and social sciences. Topics include spectral graph theory, notions of centrality, random graph models, contagion phenomena, cascades and diffusion, and opinion dynamics. J. Tang Textbooks (Spring 2025) 1.032 Advanced Soil Mechanics
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(Subject meets with 1.361) Prereq: 1.037 Units: 3-0-6
Covers topics in the characterization and nature of soils as multi-phase materials; the principle of effective stress; hydraulic conductivity and groundwater seepage; shear strength and stability analyses; stress-deformation properties, consolidation theory and calculation of settlements for clays and sands. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. A. Whittle 1.034[J] Materials in Human Experience
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(Same subject as 3.094[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-3-4 Lecture: MW12 (4-237) Lab: M2-5 (4-006) or W2-5 (4-006) or R2-5 (4-006)
Examines how people throughout history have selected, evaluated, processed, and utilized natural materials to create objects of material culture. Explores ideological and aesthetic criteria influential in materials development. As examples of ancient engineering and materials processing, topics may include ancient Roman concrete and prehistoric iron and steel production by the Mossi, Haya, and other African cultures. Particular attention paid to the climate issues surrounding iron and cement, and how the examination of ancient technologies can inform our understanding of sustainability in the present and illuminate paths for the future. Previous topics have included Maya use of lime plaster for frescoes, books, and architectural sculpture; the sound, color, and power of metals in Mesoamerica; and metal, cloth, and fiber technologies in the Inca empire. Laboratory sessions provide practical experience with materials discussed in class. Enrollment limited to 24. M. Tarkanian, A. Masic, J. Hunter, R. Vedro No required or recommended textbooks 1.035 Mechanics of Materials
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Prereq: 1.050 or permission of instructor Units: 3-2-7 Lecture: MF11-12.30 (1-379) Lab: W1-3 (1-050) +final
Covers the structure and properties of natural and manufactured engineering materials with an emphasis on the fundamentals of mechanical behavior of materials, while considering their use in civil and environmental engineering design. Topics include linear elasticity, plasticity, viscoelasticity, fracture, and fatigue. Laboratory experiments present principles of experimental characterization techniques, materials selection, and design. A. Whittle No required or recommended textbooks 1.036 Structural Mechanics and Design
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Prereq: None. Coreq: 1.050 Units: 3-1-8
Familiarizes students with structural systems, loads, and basis for structural design, including analysis of determinate and indeterminate structures (trusses, beams, frames, cables, and arches). Covers mechanical properties of construction materials, including concrete, steel, and composites. Studies concrete and steel structures through application of principles of structural mechanics. Evaluates behavior and design of reinforced concrete structural elements using limit strength design and serviceability principles. Introduces plastic analysis and design, and load factor design of structural steel members and connections. Team project emphasizes material covered through behavior and problem-based learning. O. Buyukozturk 1.037 Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Design
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Prereq: 1.050 Units: 3-2-7  Subject Cancelled
Provides an introduction to soils as engineering materials, including classification and characterization, pore pressures and seepage, principles of effective stress and consolidation, deformation, and shear strength properties. Surveys analysis methods, with a focus on slope stability, limiting earth pressures and bearing capacity, and settlements of foundations. Examines applications in the design of earth dams, earth retaining systems, foundations, and staged construction processes. A. Whittle 1.041[J] Transportation: Foundations and Methods
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(Same subject as IDS.075[J]) (Subject meets with 1.200[J], 11.544[J], IDS.675[J]) Prereq: (1.010A and (1.00 or 1.000)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-1-8 Subject Cancelled
Covers core analytical and numerical methods for modeling, planning, operations, and control of transportation systems. Traffic flow theory, vehicle dynamics and behavior, numerical integration and simulation, graphical analysis. Properties of delays, queueing theory. Resource allocation, optimization models, linear and integer programming. Autonomy in transport, Markov Decision Processes, reinforcement learning, deep learning. Applications drawn broadly from land, air, and sea transport; private and public sector; transport of passengers and goods; futuristic, modern, and historical. Hands-on computational labs. Linear algebra background is encouraged but not required. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. C. Wu 1.050 Solid Mechanics
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Prereq: Physics I (GIR); Coreq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 3-2-7
Introduction to statics and the principles of mechanics to describe the behavior of structures. Topics include free body diagrams, static equilibrium, force analysis of slender members, concept of stress and strain, linear elasticity, principal stresses and strains, Mohr's circle, and failure modes. Application to engineering structures such as bars, beams, frames, and trusses. J. Carstensen 1.052 Advancing Mechanics and Materials via Machine Learning
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(Subject meets with 1.121[J], 2.174[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), Physics II (GIR), and (1.000, 6.100A, 6.100L, or 16.C20) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR9.30-11 (1-150)
Concepts in mechanics (solid mechanics: continuum, micro, meso and molecular mechanics; elasticity, plasticity, fracture and buckling) and machine learning (stochastic optimization, neural networks, convolutional neural nets, adversarial neural nets, graph neural nets, recurrent neural networks and long/short-term memory nets, attention models, variational/autoencoders) introduced and applied to mechanics problems. Covers numerical methods, data and image processing, dataset generation, curation and collection, and experimental validation using additive manufacturing. Modules cover: foundations, fracture mechanics and size effects, molecular mechanics and applications to biomaterials (proteins), forward and inverse problems, mechanics of architected materials, and time dependent mechanical phenomena. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. M. Buehler No required or recommended textbooks 1.053[J] Dynamics and Control I
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(Same subject as 2.003[J]) Prereq: Physics II (GIR); Coreq: 2.087 or 18.03 Units: 4-1-7 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (3-270) Recitation: R10 (5-217) or R11 (5-217) or R12 (5-217) or R1 (5-217) or R2 (5-217) +final
Introduction to the dynamics and vibrations of lumped-parameter models of mechanical systems. Kinematics. Force-momentum formulation for systems of particles and rigid bodies in planar motion. Work-energy concepts. Virtual displacements and virtual work. Lagrange's equations for systems of particles and rigid bodies in planar motion. Linearization of equations of motion. Linear stability analysis of mechanical systems. Free and forced vibration of linear multi-degree of freedom models of mechanical systems; matrix eigenvalue problems. Fall: F. Hover Spring: T. Peacock Textbooks (Spring 2025) 1.054 Mechanics and Design of Concrete Structures
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(Subject meets with 1.541) Prereq: 1.036 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (1-246)
Studies strength and deformation of concrete under various states of stress; failure criteria; concrete plasticity; and fracture mechanics concepts. Topics include fundamental behavior of reinforced concrete structural systems and their members; basis for design and code constraints; high-performance concrete materials and their use in innovative design solutions; and yield line theory for slabs. Uses behavior models and nonlinear analysis. Covers complex systems, including bridge structures, concrete shells, and containments. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. O. Buyukozturk Textbooks (Spring 2025) 1.056[J] Introduction to Structural Design
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(Same subject as 4.440[J]) (Subject meets with 4.462) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (3-333) Lab: F10-12 (5-233)
Introduces the design and behavior of large-scale structures and structural materials. Emphasizes the development of structural form and the principles of structural design. Presents design methods for timber, masonry, concrete, and steel applied to long-span roof systems, bridges, and high-rise buildings. Includes environmental assessment of structural systems and materials. In laboratory sessions, students solve structural problems by building and testing simple models. Graduate and undergraduate students have separate lab sections. J. Ochsendorf No required or recommended textbooks 1.057 Heritage Science and Technology
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-3-4
Interdisciplinary, applied introduction to ancient materials and technology. Students explore materials sustainability and durability from multiple perspectives, using ancient societies, architecture and building materials as time-proven examples of innovation in construction. Involves discussions of peer-reviewed literature and cultural heritage, project formulation, data collection, and data analysis. Culminates in presentation of research project(s), and write-ups of the research in manuscript form. A. Masic 1.058 Structural Dynamics
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(Subject meets with 1.581[J], 2.060[J], 16.221[J]) Prereq: 18.03 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Examines response of structures to dynamic excitation: free vibration, harmonic loads, pulses and earthquakes. Covers systems of single- and multiple-degree-of-freedom, up to the continuum limit, by exact and approximate methods. Includes applications to buildings, ships, aircraft and offshore structures. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. H. Borja da Rocha 1.060 Fluid Mechanics
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Prereq: None Units: 4-2-6 Credit cannot also be received for 1.060A Lecture: MWF10 (1-132) Lab: T10-12 (1-132) or F2.30-4.30 (1-132) +final
Mechanics principles for incompressible fluids. Review of hydrostatics. Conservation of mass, momentum and energy in fluid mechanics. Flow nets, velocity distributions in laminar and turbulent flows, groundwater flows. Momentum and energy principles in hydraulics, with emphasis on open channel flow and hydraulic structures. Drag and lift forces. Analysis of pipe systems, pumps and turbines. Gradually varied flow in open channels, significance of the Froude number, backwater curves and kinematic waves. Application of principles through open-ended studio exercises. Meets with 1.060A first half of term. Fall: B. Marelli Spring: B. Marelli Textbooks (Spring 2025) 1.060A Fluid Mechanics I
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Prereq: None. Coreq: 18.03; or permission of instructor Units: 2-1-3 Credit cannot also be received for 1.060 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: MWF10 (1-132) Lab: T10-12 (1-132) or F2.30-4.30 (1-132) +final
Mechanics principles for incompressible fluids. Review of hydrostatics. Conservation of mass, momentum and energy in fluid mechanics. Flow nets, velocity distributions in laminar and turbulent flows, groundwater flows. Momentum and energy principles in hydraulics, with emphasis on open channel flow and hydraulic structures. Meets with 1.060 in first half of term. B. Marelli Textbooks (Spring 2025) 1.061 Transport Processes in the Environment
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(Subject meets with 1.61) Prereq: 1.060 Units: 3-1-8 Credit cannot also be received for 1.061A
Introduction to mass transport in environmental flows, with emphasis on river and lake systems. Covers derivation and solutions to the differential form of mass conservation equations, hydraulic models for environmental systems, residence time distribution, molecular and turbulent diffusion for continuous and point sources, boundary layers, dissolution, bed-water exchange, air-water exchange, and particle transport. Meets with 1.061A first half of term. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. H. M. Nepf 1.061A Transport Processes in the Environment I
(); first half of term
Prereq: 1.060A Units: 2-1-3 Credit cannot also be received for 1.061, 1.61
Introduction to mass transport in environmental flows. Covers derivation and solution to the differential form of mass conservation, hydraulic models for environmental systems, residence time distribution, and molecular and turbulent diffusion for continuous and point sources. Meets with 1.061 first half of term. H. Nepf 1.062[J] Nonlinear Dynamics: Continuum Systems
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(Same subject as 12.207[J], 18.354[J]) (Subject meets with 18.3541) Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR9.30-11 (2-143)
General mathematical principles of continuum systems. From microscopic to macroscopic descriptions in the form of linear or nonlinear (partial) differential equations. Exact solutions, dimensional analysis, calculus of variations and singular perturbation methods. Stability, waves and pattern formation in continuum systems. Subject matter illustrated using natural fluid and solid systems found, for example, in geophysics and biology. N. Derr No required or recommended textbooks 1.063 Fluids and Diseases
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(Subject meets with 1.631[J], 2.250[J], HST.537[J]) Prereq: 18.03 or permission of instructor Units: 3-3-6 Subject Cancelled
Designed for students in engineering and the quantitative sciences who want to explore applications of mathematics, physics and fluid dynamics to infectious diseases and health; and for students in epidemiology, environmental health, ecology, medicine, and systems modeling seeking to understand physical and spatial modeling, and the role of fluid dynamics and physical constraints on infectious diseases and pathologies. The first part of the class reviews modeling in epidemiology and data collection, and highlights concepts of spatial modeling and heterogeneity. The remainder highlights multi-scale dynamics, the role of fluids and fluid dynamics in physiology, and pathology in a range of infectious diseases. The laboratory portion entails activities aimed at integrating applied learning with theoretical concepts discussed in lectures and covered in problem sets. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. L. Bourouiba 1.066[J] Fluid Physics
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(Same subject as 8.292[J], 12.330[J]) Prereq: 5.60, 8.044, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR3.30-5 (5-217)
A physics-based introduction to the properties of fluids and fluid systems, with examples drawn from a broad range of sciences, including atmospheric physics and astrophysics. Definitions of fluids and the notion of continuum. Equations of state and continuity, hydrostatics and conservation of momentum; ideal fluids and Euler's equation; viscosity and the Navier-Stokes equation. Energy considerations, fluid thermodynamics, and isentropic flow. Compressible versus incompressible and rotational versus irrotational flow; Bernoulli's theorem; steady flow, streamlines and potential flow. Circulation and vorticity. Kelvin's theorem. Boundary layers. Fluid waves and instabilities. Quantum fluids. L. Bourouiba Textbooks (Spring 2025) 1.067[J] Energy Systems for Climate Change Mitigation
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(Same subject as 10.421[J], IDS.065[J]) (Subject meets with 1.670[J], 10.621[J], IDS.521[J]) Prereq: (Calculus I (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), and Physics I (GIR)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Reviews the contributions of energy systems to global greenhouse gas emissions, and the levers for reducing those emissions. Lectures and projects focus on evaluating energy systems against climate policy goals, using performance metrics such as cost, carbon intensity, and others. Student projects explore pathways for realizing emissions reduction scenarios. Projects address the climate change mitigation potential of energy technologies (hardware and software), technological and behavioral change trajectories, and technology and policy portfolios. Background in energy systems strongly recommended. Students taking the graduate version complete additional assignments and explore the subject in greater depth. Preference to students in the Energy Studies or Environment and Sustainability minors. J. Trancik 1.068 Nonlinear Dynamics and Turbulence
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(Subject meets with 1.686[J], 2.033[J], 18.358[J]) Prereq: 1.060A Units: 3-2-7
Reviews theoretical notions of nonlinear dynamics, instabilities, and waves with applications in fluid dynamics. Discusses hydrodynamic instabilities leading to flow destabilization and transition to turbulence. Focuses on physical turbulence and mixing from homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Also covers topics such as rotating and stratified flows as they arise in the environment, wave-turbulence, and point source turbulent flows. Laboratory activities integrate theoretical concepts covered in lectures and problem sets. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. L. Bourouiba 1.070A[J] Introduction to Hydrology and Water Resources
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(Same subject as 12.320A[J]) Prereq: 1.060A; Coreq: 1.061A and 1.106 Units: 2-0-4
Water in the environment; Water resource systems; The hydrologic cycle at its role in the climate system; Surface water and energy balance; evaporation and transpiration through vegetation; Precipitation formation, infiltration, storm runoff, and flood processes; Groundwater aquifers, subsurface flow and the hydraulics of wells. D. Entekhabi 1.070B[J] Introduction to Hydrology Modeling
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(Same subject as 12.320B[J]) Prereq: 1.070A Units: 2-0-4
Develops understanding of numerical modeling of aquifers, groundwater flow and contaminant transport, as well as uncertainty and risk analysis for water resources. D. Entekhabi 1.071[J] Global Change Science
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(Same subject as 12.300[J]) (Subject meets with 1.771) Prereq: 18.03 Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (48-308)
Introduces the basic principles and concepts in atmospheric physics, and climate dynamics, through an examination of: greenhouse gases emissions (mainly CO2), global warming, and regional climate change. Case studies are presented for the regional impacts of climate change on extreme weather, water availability, and disease transmission. Introduction to regional and global environmental problems for students in basic sciences and engineering. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. Eltahir No required or recommended textbooks 1.072 Groundwater Hydrology
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(Subject meets with 1.72) Prereq: 1.061 Units: 3-1-8 Lecture: MW10.30-12 (48-308)
Presents the fundamentals of subsurface flow and transport, emphasizing the role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle, the relation of groundwater flow to geologic structure, and the management of contaminated groundwater. Topics include Darcy equation, flow nets, mass conservation, the aquifer flow equation, heterogeneity and anisotropy, storage properties, regional circulation, unsaturated flow, recharge, stream-aquifer interaction, well hydraulics, flow through fractured rock, numerical models, groundwater quality, contaminant transport processes, dispersion, decay, and adsorption. Includes laboratory and computer demonstrations. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. C. Harvey No required or recommended textbooks 1.073 Introduction to Environmental Data Analysis
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Prereq: 1.010 Units: 2-0-4
Covers theory and practical methods for the analysis of univariate data sets. Topics include basics of statistical inference, analysis of trends and stationarity; Gaussian stochastic processes, covariance and correlation analysis, and introduction to spectral analysis. Students analyze data collected from the civil, environment, and systems domains. E. Eltahir 1.074 Multivariate Data Analysis
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(Subject meets with 1.174) Prereq: None. Coreq: 1.000 and 1.010A Units: 2-0-4
Introduction to statistical multivariate analysis methods and their applications to analyze data and mathematical models. Topics include sampling, experimental design, regression analysis, specification testing, dimension reduction, categorical data analysis, classification and clustering. S. Amin 1.075 Water Resource Systems
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 1.731) Prereq: 1.070B or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Surveys optimization and simulation methods for management of water resources. Case studies illustrate linear, quadratic, nonlinear programming and real-time control. Applications include river basin planning, irrigation and agriculture, reservoir operations, capacity expansion, assimilation of remote sensing data, and sustainable resource development. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. D. McLaughlin 1.076 Carbon Management
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(Subject meets with 1.760) Prereq: None Units: 3-2-7 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (1-134) Lab: F2-4 (48-308)
Introduces the carbon cycle and "climate solutions." Provides specialized knowledge to manage and offset carbon emissions for government entities and large corporations through nature-based solutions and technology. Students prepare a mini-project simulating the assessment of practices and technologies for removing carbon dioxide from the air for a specific organization, which prepares them to become professionals with the skills to help evaluate and manage carbon emissions. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. C. Terrer No required or recommended textbooks 1.077 Land, Water, Food, and Climate
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 1.74) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Examines land, water, food, and climate in a changing world, with an emphasis on key scientific questions about the connections between natural resources and food production. Students read and discuss papers on a range of topics, including water and land resources, climate change, demography, agroecology, biotechnology, trade, and food security. Supporting information used for background and context includes data and analysis based on government reports, textbooks, and longer peer-reviewed documents not included in the readings. Provides a broad perspective on one of the defining global issues of this century. Students carry out exercises with relevant data sets, write critiques of key issues, and complete a focused term project. Completion of MIT Science Core or equivalent recommended but not required. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. D. McLaughlin 1.080 Chemicals in the Environment
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(Subject meets with 1.800) Prereq: Chemistry (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MF1-2.30 (48-316)
Introduction to environmental chemistry, focusing on the fate and impact of chemicals in both natural and engineered systems. Covers equilibrium reactions (e.g., partitioning, dissolution/precipitation, acid-base, redox, metal complexation), and kinetically-controlled reactions (e.g., photolysis, free radical oxidation). Specific environmental topics covered include heavy metals in natural waters, drinking water, and soils; biogeochemical cycles; radioactivity in the environment; smog formation; greenhouse gases and climate change; and engineering for the prevention and remediation of pollution. Students taking the graduate version complete additional assignments. J. Kroll No required or recommended textbooks 1.081[J] Environmental Cancer Risks, Prevention, and Therapy
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 20.104[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR), Calculus II (GIR), and Chemistry (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 Subject Cancelled
Analysis of the history of cancer and vascular disease mortality rates in predominantly European- and African-American US cohorts, 1895-2016, to discover specific historical shifts. Explored in terms of contemporaneously changing environmental risk factors: air-, food- and water-borne chemicals; subclinical infections; diet and lifestyles. Special section on occupational risk factors. Considers the hypotheses that genetic and/or environmental factors affect metakaryotic stem cell mutation rates in fetuses and juveniles and/or their growth rates of preneoplastic in adults. W. Thilly, R. McCunney 1.082 Ethics for Engineers
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Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.082, 2.900, 6.9320, 10.01, 16.676) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 7.105, 20.005 URL: https://e4e.mit.edu/ Lecture: M3-5 (66-148) or T3-5 (66-148) or W3-5 (66-148) or W EVE (7-9 PM) (66-148)
Explores how to be an ethical engineer. Students examine engineering case studies alongside key readings by foundational ethical thinkers from Aristotle to Martin Luther King, Jr., and investigate which ethical approaches are best and how to apply them. Topics include justice, rights, cost-benefit analysis, safety, bias, genetic engineering, climate change, and the promise and peril of AI. Discussion-based, with the aim of introducing students to new ways of thinking. All sections cover the same core ethical frameworks, but some sections have a particular focus for case studies, such as bioengineering, or have an in-depth emphasis on particular thinkers. The subject is taught in separate sections. Students are eligible to take any section regardless of their registered subject number. For 20.005, students additionally undertake an ethical-technical analysis of a BE-related topic of their choosing. Fall: B. L. Trout, P. Hansen, D. Lauffenburger, K. Hansen Spring: P. Hansen, L. Guarente, D. Lauffenburger, K. Hansen No required or recommended textbooks 1.084[J] Applied Microbiology
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 20.106[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) and Chemistry (GIR) Units: 3-0-9
Introductory microbiology from a systems perspective - considers microbial diversity and the integration of data from a molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological context to understand the interaction of microbial organisms with their environment. Special emphasis on specific viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic microorganisms and their interaction with animal hosts with focus on contemporary problems in areas such as vaccination, emerging disease, antimicrobial drug resistance, and toxicology. J. Niles, K. Ribbeck 1.085[J] Air Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 12.336[J]) (Subject meets with 1.855) Prereq: 18.03 Units: 3-0-9
Provides a working knowledge of basic air quality issues, with emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach to investigating the sources and effects of pollution. Topics include emission sources; atmospheric chemistry and removal processes; meteorological phenomena and their impact on pollution transport at local to global scales; air pollution control technologies; health effects; and regulatory standards. Discusses regional and global issues, such as acid rain, ozone depletion and air quality connections to climate change. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Recommended for upper-level undergraduate students. C. Heald 1.086 Physics and Engineering of Renewable Energy Systems
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(Subject meets with 1.861) Prereq: (Physics I (GIR), Physics II (GIR), and 18.03) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to renewable energy generation in the context of the energy grid system. Focuses on computational analysis of energy systems. Topics include the energy grid and energy markets; fossil fuel generation; wind, solar, hydroelectric, and ocean energy; and energy storage. Tools, including computational models of wind energy generation and energy forecasting algorithms, introduced. Final project focuses on the development of low-carbon, low-cost energy systems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. M. Howland 1.088 Genomics and Evolution of Infectious Disease
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(Subject meets with 1.881[J], HST.538[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) and (1.000 or 6.100B) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR9.30-11 (5-134)
Provides a thorough introduction to the forces driving infectious disease evolution, practical experience with bioinformatics and computational tools, and discussions of current topics relevant to public health. Topics include mechanisms of genome variation in bacteria and viruses, population genetics, outbreak detection and tracking, strategies to impede the evolution of drug resistance, emergence of new disease, and microbiomes and metagenomics. Discusses primary literature and computational assignments. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. T. Lieberman No required or recommended textbooks 1.089 Environmental Microbial Biogeochemistry
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(Subject meets with 1.89) Prereq: Biology (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1.30-3 (48-316)
Provides a thorough introduction to biogeochemical cycling from the vantage point of microbial physiology. Emphasizes molecular mechanisms, experimental design and methodology, hypothesis testing, and applications. Topics include aerobic and anaerobic respiration, trace metals, secondary metabolites, redox, plant-microbe interactions, carbon storage, agriculture, and bioengineering. Formal lectures and in-depth discussions of foundational and contemporary primary literature. Students use knowledge of microbial metabolisms to develop final projects on applied solutions to problems in agriculture and biogeochemistry. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. D. McRose No required or recommended textbooks 1.091 Traveling Research Environmental eXperience (TREX): Fieldwork
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-2-0
Introduction to environmental fieldwork and research, with a focus on data collection and analysis. Subject spans three weeks, including two weeks of fieldwork, and involves one or more projects central to environmental science and engineering. Location varies year-to-year, though recent projects have focused on the island of Hawaii. Limited to Course 1 students. D. Des Marais 1.096[J] Design of Sustainable Polymer Systems
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(Same subject as 10.496[J]) Prereq: (10.213 and 10.301) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6
Capstone subject in which students are charged with redesigning consumable plastics to improve their recyclability and illustrate the potential future of plastic sourcing and management. Students engage with industry partners and waste handlers to delineate the design space and understand downstream limitations in waste treatment. Instruction includes principles of plastic design, polymer selection, cost estimation, prototyping, and the principles of sustainable material design. Students plan and propose routes to make enhanced plastic kits. Industry partners and course instructors select winning designs. Those students can elect to proceed to a semester of independent study in which prototype kits are fabricated (using polymer extrusion, cutting, 3D printing), potentially winning seed funds to translate ideas into real impacts. Preference to juniors and seniors in Courses 10, 1, and 2. B. D. Olsen, D. Plata No required or recommended textbooks 1.097 Introduction to Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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Prereq: None Units: 1-5-0 [P/D/F]
Students work one-on-one with a CEE graduate student or postdoc mentor on a project that aligns with their research interests. Previous project topics include transportation networks, structural mechanics, sediment transport, climate science, and microbial ecology. Includes weekly seminar-style talks. Intended for first-year students. S. Smith No required or recommended textbooks 1.098[J] Nuclear Energy and the Environment: Waste, Effluents, and Accidents
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| | | 1.00-1.149 | | | 1.150-1.499 | | | 1.50-1.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | | |
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Course 2: Mechanical Engineering |
| | | 2.000-2.199 | | | 2.20-2.7999 | | | 2.80-2.999 plus Thesis, UROP, UPOP | | | |
First-Year Introductory Subjects2.00A Designing for the Future: Earth, Sea, and Space
()
Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Units: 3-3-3 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (1-246) Lab: T2-5 (N52-337)
Student teams formulate and complete space/earth/ocean exploration-based design projects with weekly milestones. Introduces core engineering themes, principles, and modes of thinking. Specialized learning modules enable teams to focus on the knowledge required to complete their projects, such as machine elements, electronics, design process, visualization and communication. Includes exercises in written and oral communication and team building. Examples of projects include surveying a lake for millfoil, from a remote controlled aircraft, and then sending out robotic harvesters to clear the invasive growth; and exploration to search for the evidence of life on a moon of Jupiter, with scientists participating through teleoperation and supervisory control of robots. Enrollment limited; preference to freshmen. A. Techet No textbook information available 2.00B Toy Product Design
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-5-1 Subject Cancelled
Provides students with an overview of design for entertainment and play, as well as opportunities in creative product design and community service. Students develop ideas for new toys that serve clients in the community, and work in teams with local sponsors and with experienced mentors on a themed toy design project. Students enhance creativity and experience fundamental aspects of the product development process, including determining customer needs, brainstorming, estimation, sketching, sketch modeling, concept development, design aesthetics, detailed design, and prototyping. Includes written, visual, and oral communication. Enrollment limited; preference to freshmen. Staff 2.S00 Special Subject in Mechanical Engineering
() ; second half of term
Prereq: None Units arranged Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW2.30-4 (1-246)
Lecture, seminar, or laboratory subject consisting of material not offered in regularly scheduled subjects. Can be repeated for credit only for completely different subject matter. Staff No textbook information available 2.S01 Special Subject in Mechanical Engineering
(); second half of term
Prereq: None Units arranged Lecture: MW3-4.30 (NE45-202C)
Lecture, seminar, or laboratory subject consisting of material not offered in regularly scheduled subjects. Can be repeated for credit only for completely different subject matter. M. Benjamin No textbook information available 2.S02 Special Subject in Mechanical Engineering
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged Subject Cancelled
Lecture, seminar, or laboratory subject consisting of material not offered in regularly scheduled subjects. Can be repeated for credit only for completely different subject matter. J. Leonard 2.00C[J] Design for Complex Environmental Issues
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(Same subject as 1.016[J], EC.746[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-2-4 Lecture: MW3-4.30 (4-402) Recitation: F3-4.30 (4-402)
Working in small teams with real clients, students develop solutions related to the year's Terrascope topic. They have significant autonomy as they follow a full engineering design cycle from client profile through increasingly sophisticated prototypes to final product. Provides opportunities to acquire skills with power tools, workshop practice, design, product testing, and teamwork. Focuses on sustainability and appropriate technology that matches the client's specific situation and constraints. Products are exhibited in the public Bazaar of Ideas and evaluated by an expert panel. Class taught in collaboration with the Edgerton Center, D-Lab, and Beaver Works. Limited to first-year students. Preference given to students who have completed 12.000, but open to students outside Terrascope when space permits. A. W. Epstein,D. Brancazio J. Grimm No textbook information available Core Undergraduate Subjects2.00 Introduction to Design
(, ); second half of term
Prereq: None Units: 2-2-2 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MF3.30-5 (3-370) Lab: W EVE (7-10 PM) (3-004) or R9-12 (3-004) or R EVE (7-10 PM) (3-004) or F9-12 (3-004)
Project-based introduction to product development and engineering design. Emphasizes key elements of the design process, including defining design problems, generating ideas, and building solutions. Presents a range of design techniques to help students think about, evaluate, and communicate designs, from sketching to physical prototyping, as well as other types of modeling. Students work both individually and in teams. Fall: M. Yang Spring: M. Yang No textbook information available 2.000 Explorations in Mechanical Engineering
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-0 [P/D/F]
Broad introduction to the various aspects of mechanical engineering at MIT, including mechanics, design, controls, energy, ocean engineering, bioengineering, and micro/nano engineering through a variety of experiences, including discussions led by faculty, students, and industry experts. Reviews research opportunities and undergraduate major options in Course 2 as well as a variety of career paths pursued by alumni. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Staff 2.001 Mechanics and Materials I
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Prereq: Physics I (GIR); Coreq: 2.087 or 18.03 Units: 4-1-7 Lecture: MWF11 (45-230) Lab: R9-10.30 (1-135) or R10.30-12 (5-234) or R12.30-2 (1-135) or R2.30-4 (1-132) or W12.30-2 (1-132) or W2.30-4 (1-371) +final
Introduction to statics and the mechanics of deformable solids. Emphasis on the three basic principles of equilibrium, geometric compatibility, and material behavior. Stress and its relation to force and moment; strain and its relation to displacement; linear elasticity with thermal expansion. Failure modes. Application to simple engineering structures such as rods, shafts, beams, and trusses. Application to biomechanics of natural materials and structures. Fall: P. Hosoi, R. Raman Spring: M. Guo No textbook information available 2.002 Mechanics and Materials II
()
Prereq: Chemistry (GIR) and 2.001 Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: MW11-12.30 (3-270) Lab: M1-3 (BEGINS FEB 10) (1-307) or M3-5 (BEGINS FEB 10) (1-307) or T9-11 (BEGINS FEB 10) (1-307) or T1-3 (BEGINS FEB 10) (1-307) or T3-5 (BEGINS FEB 10) (1-307) or W9-11 (BEGINS FEB 10) (1-307) +final
Introduces mechanical behavior of engineering materials, and the use of materials in mechanical design. Emphasizes the fundamentals of mechanical behavior of materials, as well as design with materials. Major topics: elasticity, plasticity, limit analysis, fatigue, fracture, and creep. Materials selection. Laboratory experiments involving projects related to materials in mechanical design. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity; preference to Course 2 majors and minors. C. Portela Galindo No textbook information available 2.003[J] Dynamics and Control I
(, )
(Same subject as 1.053[J]) Prereq: Physics II (GIR); Coreq: 2.087 or 18.03 Units: 4-1-7 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (3-270) Recitation: R10 (5-217) or R11 (5-217) or R12 (5-217) or R1 (5-217) or R2 (5-217) +final
Introduction to the dynamics and vibrations of lumped-parameter models of mechanical systems. Kinematics. Force-momentum formulation for systems of particles and rigid bodies in planar motion. Work-energy concepts. Virtual displacements and virtual work. Lagrange's equations for systems of particles and rigid bodies in planar motion. Linearization of equations of motion. Linear stability analysis of mechanical systems. Free and forced vibration of linear multi-degree of freedom models of mechanical systems; matrix eigenvalue problems. Fall: F. Hover Spring: T. Peacock No required or recommended textbooks 2.004 Dynamics and Control II
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Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and 2.003 Units: 4-2-6 Lecture: MW9.30-11,F10 (1-190) Lab: M1-3 (3-062A) or M3-5 (3-062A) or T1-3 (3-062A) or T3-5 (3-062A) +final
Modeling, analysis, and control of dynamic systems. System modeling: lumped parameter models of mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical systems; interconnection laws; actuators and sensors. Linear systems theory: linear algebra; Laplace transform; transfer functions, time response and frequency response, poles and zeros; block diagrams; solutions via analytical and numerical techniques; stability. Introduction to feedback control: closed-loop response; PID compensation; steady-state characteristics, root-locus design concepts, frequency-domain design concepts. Laboratory experiments and control design projects. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity; preference to Course 2 majors and minors. Fall: D. Del Vecchio Spring: F. Hover No textbook information available 2.005 Thermal-Fluids Engineering I
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Prereq: (Physics II (GIR), 18.03, and (2.086, 6.100B, or 18.06)) or permission of instructor Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: TR9-11 (1-190) Recitation: F10 (56-114) or F11 (56-114) or F1 (56-114) +final
Integrated development of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer, with applications. Focuses on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, mass conservation, and momentum conservation, for both closed and open systems. Entropy generation and its influence on the performance of engineering systems. Introduction to dimensionless numbers. Introduction to heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Steady-state and transient conduction. Finned surfaces. The heat equation and the lumped capacitance model. Coupled and uncoupled fluid models. Hydrostatics. Inviscid flow analysis and Bernoulli equation. Navier-Stokes equation and its solutions. Viscous internal flows, head losses, and turbulence. Introduction to pipe flows and Moody chart. Fall: P. Lermusiaux Spring: J. Buongiorno, K. Varanasi Textbooks (Spring 2025) 2.006 Thermal-Fluids Engineering II
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Prereq: 2.005 Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: TR9.30-11,F9 (3-270) Recitation: F10 (1-375) or F11 (1-375) or F12 (1-375) +final
Focuses on the application of the principles of thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics to the design and analysis of engineering systems. Dimensional analysis, similarity, and modeling. Pipe systems: major and minor losses. Laminar and turbulent boundary layers. Boundary layer separation, lift and drag on objects. Heat transfer associated with laminar and turbulent flow of fluids in free and forced convection in channels and over surfaces. Pure substance model. Heat transfer in boiling and condensation. Thermodynamics and fluid mechanics of steady flow components of thermodynamic plants. Heat exchanger design. Power cycles and refrigeration plants. Design of thermodynamic plants. Analyses for alternative energy systems. Multi-mode heat transfer and fluid flow in thermodynamic plants. Fall: R. Karnik Spring: S. Deng, J. Brisson Textbooks (Spring 2025) 2.007 Design and Manufacturing I
()
Prereq: 2.001 and 2.670; Coreq: 2.086 Units: 3-4-5 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (10-250) Lab: M2-5 (3-050A) or T2-5 (3-050A) or T2-5 (3-050B) or W9-12 (3-050A) or W9-12 (3-050B) or W2-5 (3-050A) or W2-5 (3-050B) or R2-5 (3-050A) or R2-5 (3-050B) or F9-12 (3-050A) or F9-12 (3-050B) or M2-5 (3-050B) +final
Develops students' competence and self-confidence as design engineers. Emphasis on the creative design process bolstered by application of physical laws. Instruction on how to complete projects on schedule and within budget. Robustness and manufacturability are emphasized. Subject relies on active learning via a major design-and-build project. Lecture topics include idea generation, estimation, concept selection, visual thinking, computer-aided design (CAD), mechanism design, machine elements, basic electronics, technical communication, and ethics. Lab fee. Limited enrollment. Pre-registration required for lab assignment; special sections by lottery only. S. Kim, A. Winter No textbook information available 2.008 Design and Manufacturing II
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Prereq: 2.007; or Coreq: 2.017 and (2.005 or 2.051) Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: MW12.30-2 (35-225) Lab: T9-12 (35-310) or T2-5 (35-310) or W9-12 (35-310) or W2-5 (35-310) or R9-12 (35-310) or R2-5 (35-310)
Integration of design, engineering, and management disciplines and practices for analysis and design of manufacturing enterprises. Emphasis is on the physics and stochastic nature of manufacturing processes and systems, and their effects on quality, rate, cost, and flexibility. Topics include process physics and control, design for manufacturing, and manufacturing systems. Group project requires design and fabrication of parts using mass-production and assembly methods to produce a product in quantity. Six units may be applied to the General Institute Lab Requirement. Satisfies 6 units of Institute Laboratory credit. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity; preference to Course 2 majors and minors. Fall: K. Becker Spring: J.-H. Chun, J. Ramos No textbook information available 2.009 The Product Engineering Process
()
Prereq: 2.001, 2.003, (2.005 or 2.051), and (2.00B, 2.670, or 2.678) Units: 3-3-9
Students develop an understanding of product development phases and experience working in teams to design and construct high-quality product prototypes. Design process learned is placed into a broader development context. Primary goals are to improve ability to reason about design alternatives and apply modeling techniques appropriate for different development phases; understand how to gather and process customer information and transform it into engineering specifications; and use teamwork to resolve the challenges in designing and building a substantive product prototype. Instruction and practice in oral communication provided. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity; preference to Course 2 seniors. A. Hosoi 2.013 Engineering Systems Design
()
(Subject meets with 2.733) Prereq: (2.001, 2.003, (2.005 or 2.051), and (2.00B, 2.670, or 2.678)) or permission of instructor Units: 0-6-6
Focuses on the design of engineering systems to satisfy stated performance, stability, and/or control requirements. Emphasizes individual initiative, application of fundamental principles, and the compromises inherent in the engineering design process. Culminates in the design of an engineering system, typically a vehicle or other complex system. Includes instruction and practice in written and oral communication through team presentations, design reviews, and written reports. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity; preference to Course 2 majors and minors. D. Hart 2.014 Engineering Systems Development
()
(Subject meets with 2.734) Prereq: (2.001, 2.003, (2.005 or 2.051), and (2.00B, 2.670, or 2.678)) or permission of instructor Units: 0-6-6 Lecture: F1 (NE45-202A) Lab: F2-5 (NE45-202A)
Focuses on implementation and operation of engineering systems. Emphasizes system integration and performance verification using methods of experimental inquiry. Students refine their subsystem designs and the fabrication of working prototypes. Includes experimental analysis of subsystem performance and comparison with physical models of performance and with design goals. Component integration into the full system, with detailed analysis and operation of the complete vehicle in the laboratory and in the field. Includes written and oral reports. Students carry out formal reviews of the overall system design. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity; preference to Course 2 majors and minors. D. Hart No textbook information available 2.016 Hydrodynamics
()
Prereq: 2.005 Units: 3-0-9
Covers fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and applications to practical ocean engineering problems. Basic geophysical fluid mechanics, including the effects of salinity, temperature, and density; heat balance in the ocean; large scale flows. Hydrostatics. Linear free surface waves, wave forces on floating and submerged structures. Added mass, lift and drag forces on submerged bodies. Includes final project on current research topics in marine hydrodynamics. A. Techet 2.017[J] Design of Electromechanical Robotic Systems
()
(Same subject as 1.015[J]) Prereq: 2.003, 2.016, and 2.678; Coreq: 2.671 Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (1-134) Lab: W2-5 (NW98-100)
Design, construction, and testing of field robotic systems, through team projects with each student responsible for a specific subsystem. Projects focus on electronics, instrumentation, and machine elements. Design for operation in uncertain conditions is a focus point, with ocean waves and marine structures as a central theme. Basic statistics, linear systems, Fourier transforms, random processes, spectra and extreme events with applications in design. Lectures on ethics in engineering practice included. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Satisfies 6 units of Institute Laboratory credit. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity. M. Triantafyllou, A. Bennett No textbook information available 2.019 Design of Ocean Systems
()
Prereq: 2.001, 2.003, and (2.005 or 2.016) Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: F1 (NE45-202A) Lab: F2-5 (NE45-202A)
Complete cycle of designing an ocean system using computational design tools for the conceptual and preliminary design stages. Team projects assigned, with each student responsible for a specific subsystem. Lectures cover hydrodynamics; structures; power and thermal aspects of ocean vehicles, environment, materials, and construction for ocean use; generation and evaluation of design alternatives. Focus on innovative design concepts chosen from high-speed ships, submersibles, autonomous vehicles, and floating and submerged deep-water offshore platforms. Lectures on ethics in engineering practice included. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity; preference to Course 2 seniors. D. Hart No textbook information available 2.086 Numerical Computation for Mechanical Engineers
(, )
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR); Coreq: 2.087 or 18.03 Units: 2-2-8 Lecture: MW12 (32-141) Lab: R9-11 (3-442) or R2-4 (3-442) or F2-4 (5-233) +final
Covers elementary programming concepts, including variable types, data structures, and flow control. Provides an introduction to linear algebra and probability. Numerical methods relevant to MechE, including approximation (interpolation, least squares, and statistical regression), integration, solution of linear and nonlinear equations, and ordinary differential equations. Presents deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Uses examples from MechE, particularly from robotics, dynamics, and structural analysis. Assignments require MATLAB programming. Enrollment may be limited due to laboratory capacity; preference to Course 2 majors and minors. Fall: D. Frey Spring: D. Frey No textbook information available 2.087 Engineering Mathematics: Linear Algebra and ODEs
(); first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Units: 2-0-4
Introduction to linear algebra and ordinary differential equations (ODEs), including general numerical approaches to solving systems of equations. Linear systems of equations, existence and uniqueness of solutions, Gaussian elimination. Initial value problems, 1st and 2nd order systems, forward and backward Euler, RK4. Eigenproblems, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, including complex numbers, functions, vectors and matrices. Staff Dynamics and Acoustics2.032 Dynamics
()
Prereq: 2.003 Units: 4-0-8
Review of momentum principles. Hamilton's principle and Lagrange's equations. Three-dimensional kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies. Study of steady motions and small deviations therefrom, gyroscopic effects, causes of instability. Free and forced vibrations of lumped-parameter and continuous systems. Nonlinear oscillations and the phase plane. Nonholonomic systems. Introduction to wave propagation in continuous systems. T. Akylas 2.033[J] Nonlinear Dynamics and Turbulence
()
(Same subject as 1.686[J], 18.358[J]) (Subject meets with 1.068) Prereq: 1.060A Units: 3-2-7
Reviews theoretical notions of nonlinear dynamics, instabilities, and waves with applications in fluid dynamics. Discusses hydrodynamic instabilities leading to flow destabilization and transition to turbulence. Focuses on physical turbulence and mixing from homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Also covers topics such as rotating and stratified flows as they arise in the environment, wave-turbulence, and point source turbulent flows. Laboratory activities integrate theoretical concepts covered in lectures and problem sets. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. L. Bourouiba 2.034[J] Nonlinear Dynamics and Waves
()
(Same subject as 1.685[J], 18.377[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
A unified treatment of nonlinear oscillations and wave phenomena with applications to mechanical, optical, geophysical, fluid, electrical and flow-structure interaction problems. Nonlinear free and forced vibrations; nonlinear resonances; self-excited oscillations; lock-in phenomena. Nonlinear dispersive and nondispersive waves; resonant wave interactions; propagation of wave pulses and nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Nonlinear long waves and breaking; theory of characteristics; the Korteweg-de Vries equation; solitons and solitary wave interactions. Stability of shear flows. Some topics and applications may vary from year to year. Staff 2.036[J] Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos
()
(Same subject as 18.385[J]) Prereq: 18.03 or 18.032 Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems with applications from science and engineering. Local and global existence of solutions, dependence on initial data and parameters. Elementary bifurcations, normal forms. Phase plane, limit cycles, relaxation oscillations, Poincare-Bendixson theory. Floquet theory. Poincare maps. Averaging. Near-equilibrium dynamics. Synchronization. Introduction to chaos. Universality. Strange attractors. Lorenz and Rossler systems. Hamiltonian dynamics and KAM theory. Uses MATLAB computing environment. Staff 2.050[J] Nonlinear Dynamics: Chaos
()
(Same subject as 12.006[J], 18.353[J]) Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032) Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to nonlinear dynamics and chaos in dissipative systems. Forced and parametric oscillators. Phase space. Periodic, quasiperiodic, and aperiodic flows. Sensitivity to initial conditions and strange attractors. Lorenz attractor. Period doubling, intermittency, and quasiperiodicity. Scaling and universality. Analysis of experimental data: Fourier transforms, Poincare sections, fractal dimension, and Lyapunov exponents. Applications to mechanical systems, fluid dynamics, physics, geophysics, and chemistry. See 12.207J/18.354J for Nonlinear Dynamics: Continuum Systems. R. Rosales 2.060[J] Structural Dynamics
()
(Same subject as 1.581[J], 16.221[J]) (Subject meets with 1.058) Prereq: 18.03 or permission of instructor Units: 3-1-8
Examines response of structures to dynamic excitation: free vibration, harmonic loads, pulses and earthquakes. Covers systems of single- and multiple-degree-of-freedom, up to the continuum limit, by exact and approximate methods. Includes applications to buildings, ships, aircraft and offshore structures. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. H. Borja da Rocha 2.062[J] Wave Propagation
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 1.138[J], 18.376[J]) Prereq: 2.003 and 18.075 Units: 3-0-9
Theoretical concepts and analysis of wave problems in science and engineering with examples chosen from elasticity, acoustics, geophysics, hydrodynamics, blood flow, nondestructive evaluation, and other applications. Progressive waves, group velocity and dispersion, energy density and transport. Reflection, refraction and transmission of plane waves by an interface. Mode conversion in elastic waves. Rayleigh waves. Waves due to a moving load. Scattering by a two-dimensional obstacle. Reciprocity theorems. Parabolic approximation. Waves on the sea surface. Capillary-gravity waves. Wave resistance. Radiation of surface waves. Internal waves in stratified fluids. Waves in rotating media. Waves in random media. T. R. Akylas, R. R. Rosales 2.065 Acoustics and Sensing
()
(Subject meets with 2.066) Prereq: 2.003, 6.3000, 8.03, or 16.003 Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (5-134)
Introduces the fundamental concepts of acoustics and sensing with waves. Provides a unified theoretical approach to the physics of image formation through scattering and wave propagation in sensing. The linear and nonlinear acoustic wave equation, sources of sound, including musical instruments. Reflection, refraction, transmission and absorption. Bearing and range estimation by sensor array processing, beamforming, matched filtering, and focusing. Diffraction, bandwidth, ambient noise and reverberation limitations. Scattering from objects, surfaces and volumes by Green's Theorem. Forward scatter, shadows, Babinet's principle, extinction and attenuation. Ray tracing and waveguides in remote sensing. Applications to acoustic, radar, seismic, thermal and optical sensing and exploration. Students taking the graduate version complete additional assignments. N. Makris No textbook information available 2.066 Acoustics and Sensing
()
(Subject meets with 2.065) Prereq: 2.003, 6.3000, 8.03, 16.003, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (5-134)
Introduces the fundamental concepts of acoustics and sensing with waves. Provides a unified theoretical approach to the physics of image formation through scattering and wave propagation in sensing. The linear and nonlinear acoustic wave equation, sources of sound, including musical instruments. Reflection, refraction, transmission and absorption. Bearing and range estimation by sensor array processing, beamforming, matched filtering, and focusing. Diffraction, bandwidth, ambient noise and reverberation limitations. Scattering from objects, surfaces and volumes by Green's Theorem. Forward scatter, shadows, Babinet's principle, extinction and attenuation. Ray tracing and waveguides in remote sensing. Applications to acoustic, radar, seismic, thermal and optical sensing and exploration. Students taking the graduate version of the subject complete additional assignments. N. C. Makris No textbook information available Solid Mechanics and Materials2.071 Mechanics of Solid Materials
()
Prereq: 2.002 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (5-233) Recitation: F3 (1-135) +final
Fundamentals of solid mechanics applied to the mechanical behavior of engineering materials. Kinematics of deformation, stress, and balance principles. Isotropic linear elasticity and isotropic linear thermal elasticity. Variational and energy methods. Linear viscoelasticity. Small-strain elastic-plastic deformation. Mechanics of large deformation; nonlinear hyperelastic material behavior. Foundations and methods of deformable-solid mechanics, including relevant applications. Provides base for further study and specialization within solid mechanics, including continuum mechanics, computational mechanics (e.g., finite-element methods), plasticity, fracture mechanics, structural mechanics, and nonlinear behavior of materials. L. Anand No textbook information available 2.072 Mechanics of Continuous Media
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 2.071 Units: 3-0-9
Principles and applications of continuum mechanics. Kinematics of deformation. Thermomechanical conservation laws. Stress and strain measures. Constitutive equations including some examples of their microscopic basis. Solution of some basic problems for various materials as relevant in materials science, fluid dynamics, and structural analysis. Inherently nonlinear phenomena in continuum mechanics. Variational principles. L. Anand 2.073 Solid Mechanics: Plasticity and Inelastic Deformation
()
Prereq: 2.071 Units: 3-0-9
Physical basis of plastic/inelastic deformation of solids; metals, polymers, granular/rock-like materials. Continuum constitutive models for small and large deformation of elastic-(visco)plastic solids. Analytical and numerical solution of selected boundary value problems. Applications to deformation processing of metals. L. Anand 2.074 Solid Mechanics: Elasticity
()
Prereq: 2.002 and 18.03 Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to the theory and applications of nonlinear and linear elasticity. Strain, stress, and stress-strain relations. Several of the following topics: Spherically and cylindrically symmetric problems. Anisotropic material behavior. Piezoelectric materials. Effective properties of composites. Structural mechanics of beams and plates. Energy methods for structures. Two-dimensional problems. Stress concentration at cavities, concentrated loads, cracks, and dislocations. Variational methods and their applications; introduction to the finite element method. Introduction to wave propagation. R. Abeyaratne 2.075 Mechanics of Soft Materials
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Covers a number of fundamental topics in the emerging field of soft and active materials, including polymer mechanics and physics, poroelasticity, viscoelasticity, and mechanics of electro-magneto-active and other responsive polymers. Lectures, recitations, and experiments elucidate the basic mechanical and thermodynamic principles underlying soft and active materials. Develops an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms for designing soft materials that possess extraordinary properties, such as stretchable, tough, strong, resilient, adhesive and responsive to external stimuli, from molecular to bulk scales. X. Zhao 2.076[J] Mechanics of Heterogeneous Materials
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(Same subject as 16.223[J]) Prereq: 2.002, 3.032, 16.20, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Mechanical behavior of heterogeneous materials such as thin-film microelectro- mechanical systems (MEMS) materials and advanced filamentary composites, with particular emphasis on laminated structural configurations. Anisotropic and crystallographic elasticity formulations. Structure, properties and mechanics of constituents such as films, substrates, active materials, fibers, and matrices including nano- and micro-scale constituents. Effective properties from constituent properties. Classical laminated plate theory for modeling structural behavior including extrinsic and intrinsic strains and stresses such as environmental effects. Introduction to buckling of plates and nonlinear (deformations) plate theory. Other issues in modeling heterogeneous materials such as fracture/failure of laminated structures. B. L. Wardle, S-G. Kim 2.077 Solid Mechanics: Coupled Theories
()
Prereq: 2.072 Units: 3-0-9
Complex problems in solid mechanics for a wide range of applications require a knowledge of the foundational balance laws of mechanics, thermodynamics, and electrodynamics of continua, together with a knowledge of the structure and properties of the materials which are provided by particular constitutive models for the so-called smart-materials, and the materials used in the many applications that involve thermo-, chemo-, electro- and/or magneto-mechanical coupling. Reviews the basic balance laws and the constitutive equations of the classical coupled theories of thermoelasticity and poroelasticity, and provides an introduction to the nonlinear theories of electroelasticity and magnetoelasticity. Examines the governing coupled partial differential equations and suitable boundary conditions. Discusses numerical solutions of the partial differential equations. Staff 2.080[J] Structural Mechanics
()
(Same subject as 1.573[J]) Prereq: 2.002 Units: 4-0-8
Applies solid mechanics fundamentals to the analysis of marine, civil, and mechanical structures. Continuum concepts of stress, deformation, constitutive response and boundary conditions are reviewed in selected examples. The principle of virtual work guides mechanics modeling of slender structural components (e.g., beams; shafts; cables, frames; plates; shells), leading to appropriate simplifying assumptions. Introduction to elastic stability. Material limits to stress in design. Variational methods for computational structural mechanics analysis. D. Parks 2.081[J] Plates and Shells: Static and Dynamic Analysis
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(Same subject as 16.230[J]) Prereq: 2.071, 2.080, or permission of instructor Units: 3-1-8 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (5-134) Recitation: W2.30 (5-134)
Stress-strain relations for plate and shell elements. Differential equations of equilibrium. Energy methods and approximate solutions. Bending and buckling of rectangular plates. Post-buckling and ultimate strength of cold formed sections and typical stiffened panels used in aerospace, civil, and mechanical engineering; offshore technology; and ship building. Geometry of curved surfaces. General theory of elastic, axisymmetric shells and their equilibrium equations. Buckling, crushing and bending strength of cylindrical shells with applications. Propagation of 1-D elastic waves in rods, geometrical and material dispersion. Plane, Rayleigh surface, and 3-D waves. 1-D plastic waves. Response of plates and shells to high-intensity loads. Dynamic plasticity and fracture. Application to crashworthiness and impact loading of structures. W. M. van Rees No textbook information available 2.082 Ship Structural Analysis and Design
(); second half of term
Prereq: 2.081 and 2.701 Units: 3-0-3 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR2.30-4 (1-371)
Design application of analysis developed in 2.081J. Ship longitudinal strength and hull primary stresses. Ship structural design concepts. Design limit states including plate bending, column and panel buckling, panel ultimate strength, and plastic analysis. Matrix stiffness, and introduction to finite element analysis. Computer projects on the structural design of a midship module. R. Mccord Textbooks (Spring 2025) 2.083[J] Topology Optimization of Structures
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| | | 2.000-2.199 | | | 2.20-2.7999 | | | 2.80-2.999 plus Thesis, UROP, UPOP | | | |
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Course 3: Materials Science and Engineering |
| | | 3.00-3.499 | | | 3.50-3.999 plus UROP, UPOP, and Thesis | | | |
3.000 Coffee Matters: Using the Breakerspace to Make the Perfect Cup
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-1-1 [P/D/F] Lecture: T11 (37-212) Lab: TBA
Uses the Course 3 (DMSE) Breakerspace to delve into the world of materials science through brewing, sipping, and testing several forms of coffee and espresso. Presents cutting-edge materials characterization tools, including optical and electron microscopes, spectroscopy techniques, and hardness/strength testing. Through experiments to analyze the composition and microstructure of coffee beans, grinds, and brewing equipment, students have the opportunity to learn how material properties influence the taste, aroma, and quality of espresso. Equips students with the knowledge and skills to appreciate coffee on a whole new level through application of materials characterization techniques, consideration of relevant physics and chemistry, and sampling. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. J. Grossman, J. Lavallee No textbook information available 3.001 Science and Engineering of Materials
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F] Lecture: T12-2 (8-205)
Provides a broad introduction to topics in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering's core subjects. Classes emphasize hands-on activities and conceptual and visual examples of materials phenomena and materials engineering, interspersed with guest speakers from inside and outside academia to show career paths. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Preference to first-year students. F. Ross No textbook information available 3.002 Materials for Energy and Sustainability
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Materials play a central role in the ongoing global transformation towards more sustainable means of harvesting, storing, and conserving energy, through better batteries, fuel cells, hydrogen electrolyzers, photovoltaics, and the like. Methods for producing materials such as cement, steel, ammonia, and ethylene, which rank amongst today's largest industrial emitters of greenhouse gases, are being re-invented. Much of this work is taking place at MIT and surrounding cleantech startups. This class discusses the underlying science of selected new technologies, the challenges which must be overcome, and the magnitude of their potential impact. Visits to the startups behind each case study and meetings with the scientists and engineers creating these technologies are included. Subject can count toward 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference to first-year students. Y. Chiang 3.003 Small Planet Engineering: Climate, Energy, and Sustainability
()
(Subject meets with 3.004) Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (2-143)
Introduces students to the interdisciplinary nature of 21st-century engineering projects with three threads of learning: a technical toolkit, a social science toolkit, and a methodology for problem-based learning. Students encounter the social, political, economic, and technological challenges of engineering practice via case studies and engineering projects focused on climate, energy, and sustainability. Includes a six-stage term project in which student teams develop solutions through exercises in project planning, analysis, design, optimization, demonstration, reporting, and team building. 3.004 includes an additional solar cell design and fabrication project. Preference to first-year students. S. Saini No textbook information available 3.004 Small Planet Engineering: Climate, Energy, and Sustainability
()
(Subject meets with 3.003) Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Units: 3-1-8 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (2-143)
Introduces students to the interdisciplinary nature of 21st-century engineering projects with three threads of learning: a technical toolkit, a social science toolkit, and a methodology for problem-based learning. Students encounter the social, political, economic, and technological challenges of engineering practice via case studies and engineering projects focused on climate, energy, and sustainability. Includes a six-stage term project in which student teams develop solutions through exercises in project planning, analysis, design, optimization, demonstration, reporting, and team building. 3.004 includes an additional solar cell design and fabrication project. S. Saini No textbook information available 3.006 NEET Seminar: Advanced Materials Machines
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-0-2 Lecture: R EVE (7 PM) (3-001)
Seminar for students enrolled in the Advanced Materials Machines NEET thread. Focuses on topics around innovative materials manufacturing via guest lectures and research discussions. Fall: N. Melenbrink Spring: N. Melenbrink No textbook information available 3.0061[J] Introduction to Design Thinking and Rapid Prototyping
()
(Same subject as 22.03[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-2-2
Focuses on design thinking, an iterative process that uses divergent and convergent thinking to approach design problems and prototype and test solutions. Includes experiences in creativity, problem scoping, and rapid prototyping skills. Skills are built over the course of the semester through design exercises and projects. Enrollment limited; preference to Course 22 & Course 3 majors and minors, and NEET students. N. Melenbrink 3.009 Materials, Mechanics, and Flight: Birds, an Engineer?s Delight
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-2-5
Examines how birds work from an engineering perspective and how engineers design materials, lightweight structures, and aircraft using concepts learned from birds. Topics include: materials science of feathers, and how engineers design materials for structural color, thermal insulation, and water repellency; how feathers can create or suppress sound, and how engineers reduce the sound produced by wind turbine blades by mimicking barn owl flight feathers; mechanics of bird bones, structural weight reduction, and its applications to lightweight structures; how birds fly, how the Wright brothers studied bird flight to design their plane, and how modern aircraft fly. Design project allows students to explore different fields of engineering. Preference given to first-year students. L. Gibson 3.010 Structure of Materials
()
Prereq: Chemistry (GIR); Coreq: 18.03 or 18.032 Units: 3-2-7
Describes the fundamentals of bonding and structure that underpin materials science. Structure of noncrystalline, crystalline, and liquid-crystalline states across length scales including short and long range ordering. Point, line, and surface imperfections in materials. Diffraction and structure determination. Covers molecular geometry and levels of structure in biological materials. Includes experimental and computational exploration of the connections between structure, properties, processing, and performance of materials. Covers methodology of technical communication (written/oral) with a view to integrate experimental design, execution, and analysis. C. Ross, J. Casamento 3.013 Mechanics of Materials
()
Prereq: Physics I (GIR) and Coreq: 18.03; or permission of instructor Units: 3-2-7
Basic concepts of solid mechanics and mechanical behavior of materials: elasticity, stress-strain relationships, stress transformation, viscoelasticity, plasticity, and fracture. Continuum behavior as well as atomistic explanations of the observed behavior are described. Examples from engineering as well as biomechanics. Lab experiments, computational exercises, and demonstrations give hands-on experience of the physical concepts. T.J. Wallin, J. Casamento 3.017 Modelling, Problem Solving, Computing, and Visualization
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: ((3.030, 3.033, or 3.020) and (6.100A, 12.010, 16.66, or 3.016B)) or permission of instructor Units: 2-2-8
Covers development and design of models for materials processes and structure-property relations. Emphasizes techniques for solving equations from models or simulating their behavior. Assesses methods for visualizing solutions and aesthetics of the graphical presentation of results. Topics include symmetry and structure, classical and statistical thermodynamics, solid state physics, mechanics, phase transformations and kinetics, statistics and presentation of data. W. C. Carter 3.019 Introduction to Symbolic and Mathematical Computing
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-1-0 [P/D/F]
Introduces fundamental computational techniques and applications of mathematics to prepare students for materials science and engineering curriculum. Covers elementary programming concepts, including data analysis and visualization. Students study computation/visualization and math techniques and apply them in computational software to gain familiarity with techniques used in subsequent subjects. Uses examples from material science and engineering applications, particularly from structure and mechanics of materials, including linear algebra, tensor transformations, review of calculus of several variables, numerical solutions to differential questions, and random walks. C. Carter 3.020 Thermodynamics of Materials
()
Prereq: Chemistry (GIR); Coreq: 18.03 or 18.032 Units: 4-3-5 Lecture: MWF10 (4-231) Lab: T9-12 (8-107) or R9-12 (8-107) Recitation: T10 (8-119) or R10 (8-119) +final
Introduces the competition between energetics and disorder that underpins materials thermodynamics. Presents classical thermodynamic concepts in the context of phase equilibria, including phase transformations, phase diagrams, and chemical reactions. Includes computerized thermodynamics and an introduction to statistical thermodynamics. Includes experimental and computational laboratories. Covers methodology of technical communication with the goal of presenting technical methods in broader contexts and for broad audiences. R. Jaramillo, A. Gumyusenge No required or recommended textbooks 3.021 Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
()
Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.021, 3.021, 10.333, 22.00) Prereq: 18.03 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR3-4.30 (4-231) Recitation: W3 (4-153)
Basic concepts of computer modeling and simulation in science and engineering. Uses techniques and software for simulation, data analysis and visualization. Continuum, mesoscale, atomistic and quantum methods used to study fundamental and applied problems in physics, chemistry, materials science, mechanics, engineering, and biology. Examples drawn from the disciplines above are used to understand or characterize complex structures and materials, and complement experimental observations. M. Buehler, A. Hoffman No textbook information available 3.023 Synthesis and Design of Materials
()
Prereq: 3.010 Units: 4-3-5 Lecture: MWF11 (4-231) Lab: T9-12 (8-107) or R9-12 (8-107) Recitation: T11 (8-119) or R11 (8-119)
Provides understanding of transitions in materials, including intermolecular forces, self-assembly, physical organic chemistry, surface chemistry and electrostatics, hierarchical structure, and reactivity. Describes these fundamentals across classes of materials, including solid-state synthesis, polymer synthesis, sol-gel chemistry, and interactions with biological systems. Includes firsthand application of lecture topics through design-oriented experiments. R. Macfarlane, A. Gumyusenge No textbook information available 3.029 Mathematics and Computational Thinking for Materials Scientists and Engineers I
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (6.100A or 6.100L); Coreq: 3.020 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR3.30-5 (24-115) Recitation: W4 (24-115) +final
Computational techniques and applications of mathematics to prepare students for a materials science and engineering curriculum. Students study and apply computation/visualization and math techniques. They code and visualize topics from symmetry and structure of materials and thermodynamics. Topics include symmetry and geometric transformations using linear algebra, review of calculus of several variables, numerical solutions to differential equations, tensor transformations, eigensystems, quadratic forms, and random walks. R. Freitas No textbook information available 3.030 Microstructural Evolution in Materials
()
Prereq: 3.010 and 3.020 Units: 4-2-6
Covers microstructures, defects, and structural evolution in all classes of materials. Topics include solution kinetics, interface stability, dislocations and point defects, diffusion, surface energetics, grains and grain boundaries, grain growth, nucleation and precipitation, and electrochemical reactions. Lectures illustrate a range of examples and applications based on metals, ceramics, electronic materials, polymers, and biomedical materials. Explores the evolution of microstructure through experiments involving optical and electron microscopy, calorimetry, electrochemical characterization, surface roughness measurements, and other characterization methods. Investigates structural transitions and structure-property relationships through practical materials examples. G. Beach 3.033 Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Materials
()
Prereq: 3.010 and 3.020 Units: 4-2-6
Uses fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, solid state physics, electricity and magnetism to describe how the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of materials originate. Illustrates how these properties can be designed for particular applications, such as diodes, solar cells, optical fibers, and magnetic data storage. Involves experimentation using spectroscopy, resistivity, impedance and magnetometry measurements, behavior of light in waveguides, and other characterization methods. Uses practical examples to investigate structure-property relationships. J. Lebeau 3.039 Mathematics and Computational Thinking for Materials Scientists and Engineers II
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 3.029; Coreq: 3.030 Units: 3-0-6
Continues 3.029 with applications to microstructural evolution, electronic optical and magnetic properties of materials. Emphasizes and reinforces topics in 3.030 with visualization, computational, and mathematical techniques. Mathematics topics include symbolic and numerical solutions to partial differential equations, Fourier analysis, Bloch waves, and linear stability analysis. W. C. Carter 3.040 Introduction to Materials Characterization
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| | | 3.00-3.499 | | | 3.50-3.999 plus UROP, UPOP, and Thesis | | | |
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Course 4: Architecture |
| | | Architecture Design | | | Architecture Studies | | | Art, Culture and Technology | | | Building Technology | | | Computation | | | History, Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art | | | Thesis and UROP | | | |
Architecture Design4.021 Design Studio: How to Design
(, ) 
Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6 Credit cannot also be received for 4.02A URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Design: MW2-5 (7-434) +final
Introduces fundamental design principles as a way to demystify design and provide a basic introduction to all aspects of the process. Stimulates creativity, abstract thinking, representation, iteration, and design development. Equips students with skills to have more effective communication with designers, and develops their ability to apply the foundations of design to any discipline. Limited to 25; preference to Course 4 and 4B majors and Design and Architecture minors, and first- and second-year students. Fall: S. Tibbits Spring: P. Pettigrew No required or recommended textbooks 4.022 Introduction to Architectural Design Techniques
()
Prereq: 4.02A or 4.021 Units: 3-3-6 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Design: MW2-5 (7-434)
Introduces the tools, techniques, and technologies of design across a range of projects in a studio environment. Explores concepts related to form, function, materials, tools, and physical environments through project-based exercises. Develops familiarity with design process, critical observation, and the translation of design concepts into digital and physical reality. Utilizing traditional and contemporary techniques and tools, faculty across various design disciplines expose students to a unique cross-section of inquiry. Limited to 25; preference to Course 4 majors, Architecture minors, and first- and second-year students. C. Norman No required or recommended textbooks 4.023 Architecture Design Studio I
()
Prereq: 4.022 Units: 0-12-12
Provides instruction in architectural design and project development within design constraints including architectural program and site. Students engage the design process through various 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional media. Working directly with representational and model making techniques, students gain experience in the conceptual, formal, spatial and material aspects of architecture. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Preference to Course 4 majors and minors. C. Parreno Alonso 4.024 Architecture Design Studio II
()
Prereq: 4.023, 4.401, and 4.500 Units: 0-12-12 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Design: TRF1-5 (7-434) +final
Provides instruction in architectural design and project development with an emphasis on social, cultural, or civic programs. Builds on foundational design skills with more complex constraints and contexts. Integrates aspects of architectural theory, building technology, and computation into the design process. Preference to Course 4 majors. J. Kolb No required or recommended textbooks 4.02A Design Studio: How to Design Intensive
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-5-2 Credit cannot also be received for 4.021 URL: IAP URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes
Introduces fundamental design principles as a way to demystify design and provide a basic introduction to all aspects of the process. Stimulates creativity, abstract thinking, representation, iteration, and design development. Equips students with skills to have more effective communication with designers, and develops their ability to apply the foundations of design to any discipline. Limited to 30; preference to Course 4 and 4B majors and Design and Architecture minors, and first- and second-year students. A. Giorgis No textbook information available 4.031 Design Studio: Objects and Interaction
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6
Overview of design as the giving of form, order, and interactivity to the objects that define our daily life. Follows the path from project to interactive product. Covers the overall design process, preparing students for work in a hands-on studio learning environment. Emphasizes design development and constraints. Topics include the analysis of objects; interaction design and user experience; design methodologies, current dialogues in design; economies of scale vs. means; and the role of technology in design. Provides a foundation in prototyping skills such as carpentry, casting, digital fabrication, electronics, and coding. Limited to 15; preference to Course 4-B majors and Design Minors. M. Coelho 4.032 Design Studio: Information Design and Visualization
()
(Subject meets with 4.033) Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Lecture: WF9.30-11 (N52-337)
Provides an introduction to working with information, data and visualization in a hands-on studio learning environment. Studies the history and theory of information, followed by a series of projects in which students apply the ideas directly. Progresses though basic data analysis, visual design and presentation, and more sophisticated interaction techniques. Topics include storytelling and narrative, choosing representations, understanding audiences, and the role of designers working with data. Graduate students are expected to complete additional assignments. Preference to 4-B majors and Design minors. B. Fry No required or recommended textbooks 4.033 Design Studio: Information Design and Visualization
()
(Subject meets with 4.032) Prereq: None Units arranged Lecture: WF9.30-11 (N52-337)
Provides an introduction to working with information, data and visualization in a hands-on studio learning environment. Studies the history and theory of information, followed by a series of projects in which students apply the ideas directly. Progresses though basic data analysis, visual design and presentation, and more sophisticated interaction techniques. Topics include storytelling and narrative, choosing representations, understanding audiences, and the role of designers working with data. Graduate students are expected to complete additional assignments. Consult B. Fry No required or recommended textbooks 4.041 Design Studio: Advanced Product Design
()
Prereq: 4.031 or permission of instructor Units: 3-3-6 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Design: TR2-5 (N52-342C)
Focuses on producing a small series of manufactured products. Students develop products that address specific user needs, propose novel design concepts, iteratively prototype, test functionality, and ultimately exhibit their work in a retail context. Stemming from new research and technological developments around MIT, students try to imagine the future products that emerge from new materials and machine intelligence. Provides an in-depth exploration of the design and manufacturing of products, through narrative, form, function, fabrication, and their relationship to customers. Enrollment imited to 15; preference to Course 4B majors and Design Minors. X. Aguirre No required or recommended textbooks 4.043 Design Studio: Interaction Intelligence
()
(Subject meets with 4.044) Prereq: 4.031 or permission of instructor Units: 3-3-6 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Recitation: W3-5 (N52-342C) Design: F2-5 (N52-342C) +final
Overview of core principles and techniques for the design of interaction, behavior, and intelligence across objects and spaces. In a studio environment, students develop low and high-fidelity interactive prototypes that can be deployed and experienced by real users. Lectures cover the history and principles of human-computer interaction, behavior prototyping, physical and graphical user interfaces, machine intelligence, neural networks, and large language models. Provides a foundation in technical skills, such as physical prototyping, coding, and electronics, as well as how to collect data, train, and deploy their own neural network models. Students complete a series of small interaction exercises and a portfolio-level final project. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 16; preference to 4B majors and Design minors. M. Coelho No required or recommended textbooks 4.044 Design Studio: Interaction Intelligence
()
(Subject meets with 4.043) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Recitation: W3-5 (N52-342C) Design: F2-5 (N52-342C) +final
Overview of core principles and techniques for the design of interaction, behavior, and intelligence across objects and spaces. In a studio environment, students develop low and high-fidelity interactive prototypes that can be deployed and experienced by real users. Lectures cover the history and principles of human-computer interaction, behavior prototyping, physical and graphical user interfaces, machine intelligence, neural networks, and large language models. Provides a foundation in technical skills, such as physical prototyping, coding, and electronics, as well as how to collect data, train, and deploy their own neural network models. Students complete a series of small interaction exercises and a portfolio-level final project. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 16; preference to 4B majors and Design minors. Consult M. Coelho No required or recommended textbooks 4.051 The Human Factor in Innovation and Design Strategy
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-2-8 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes
Focuses on understanding the emerging field of human-centered design and its approach to real-world design challenges. Through group working sessions, design reviews, and presentations by leading design practitioners, thinkers, and business leaders, the class explores core methodologies on how design brings value to human experiences and to the contemporary marketplace. Limited to 20; preference to 4B majors and Design minors. Consult S. Tibbits 4.053 Visual Communication Fundamentals
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6
Provides an introduction to visual communication, emphasizing the development of a visual and verbal vocabulary. Presents the fundamentals of line, shape, color, composition, visual hierarchy, word/image relationships and typography as building blocks for communicating with clarity, emotion, and meaning. Students develop their ability to analyze, discuss and critique their work and the work of the designed world. Limited to 18; preference to Course 4-B majors and Design minors. B. Keum 4.090 Practical Experience in Architecture for Undergraduates
(,  )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] URL: IAP URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes
Practical experience through summer and January IAP internships secured by the student in the field of architecture, urbanism, digital design, art, or building technology. Before registering for this subject, students must have an offer from a company or organization and complete the Department of Architecture application signed by the advisor. Upon completion of the internship, students must submit an evaluation form available from the departmental academic office. Students are limited to a total of three approved experiences. Restricted to Course 4 undergraduate students. IAP: Consult P. Pettigrew Summer: Consult P. Pettigrew No textbook information available 4.091 Independent Study in Design
(, , )
Prereq: None Units arranged TBA.
Supplementary work on individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement for subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: T. Haynes IAP: T. Haynes Spring: T. Haynes No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.092 Independent Study in Design
(, , )
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Supplementary work on individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement for subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: T. Haynes IAP: T. Haynes Spring: T. Haynes No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.093 Independent Study in Design
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Supplementary work on individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement for subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: T. Haynes IAP: T. Haynes Spring: T. Haynes No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.094 Independent Study in Design
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Supplementary work on individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement for subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: T. Haynes IAP: T. Haynes Spring: T. Haynes No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.105 Cultures of Form
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-2-5
Introduction to cultures of form in architectural design, representation, and production, including material cultures, geometric discourse and analysis, Western and non-Western modes of perception and representation. Through a series of acts of forming and making, provides a primer and venue to rehearse skills such as 3D modeling and the reciprocity between representation and materialization. Exercises accompanied by lectures from practitioners, who each represent a highly articulated relationship between form and material in a body of design research or built work. Restricted to first-year MArch students. J. Jih 4.109 Materials and Fabrication for Architecture
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-3-6 [P/D/F] URL: IAP URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes
Provides the material system knowledge and fabrication process skills to successfully engage with all areas of the shop, from precision handwork to multi-axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining. Progresses through a series of basic exercises that introduce the material and workflow, concluding with more complex problems that explore opportunities and issues specific to architecture. Limited to 12; preference to first-year MArch students. J. O'Brien No textbook information available 4.110 Design Across Scales and Disciplines
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-2-8 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Lecture: T10-12 (N52-337) Lab: W EVE (7-9 PM) (N52-337) +final
Inspired by Charles and Ray Eames' canonical Powers of Ten, explores the relationship between science and engineering through the lens of design. Examines how transformations in science and technology have influenced design thinking and vice versa. Provides interdisciplinary skills and methods to represent, model, design and fabricate objects, machines, and systems using new computational and fabrication tools. Aims to develop methodologies for design research of interdisciplinary problems. Enrollment limited; preference to Course 4-B majors and Course 4 minors. N. De Monchaux No required or recommended textbooks 4.117 Creative Computation
()
(Subject meets with 4.118) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Lecture: W2-5 (3-442) +final
Dedicated to bridging the gap between the virtual and physical world, the subject embraces modes of computation that hold resonance with materials and methods that beg to be computed. Students engage in bi-weekly exercises to solve complex design problems. Each exercise is dedicated to a different computation approach (recursion, parametric, genetic algorithms, particle-spring systems, etc.) that is married to a physical challenge, thereby learning the advantages and disadvantages to each approach while verifying the results in physical and digitally fabricated prototypes. Through the tools of computation and fabrication, it empowers students to design as architects, engineers and craftspeople. Additional work required of student taking for graduate credit. Enrollment limited; preference to MArch students. Consult B. Clifford No required or recommended textbooks 4.118 Creative Computation
()
(Subject meets with 4.117) Prereq: 4.500 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Lecture: W2-5 (3-442) +final
Dedicated to bridging the gap between the virtual and physical world, the subject embraces modes of computation that hold resonance with materials and methods that beg to be computed. Students engage in bi-weekly exercises to solve complex design problems. Each exercise is dedicated to a different computation approach (recursion, parametric, genetic algorithms, particle-spring systems, etc.) that is married to a physical challenge, thereby learning the advantages and disadvantages to each approach while verifying the results in physical and digitally fabricated prototypes. Through the tools of computation and fabrication, it empowers students to design as architects, engineers and craftspeople. Additional work required of student taking for graduate credit. Enrollment limited; preference to 4-B majors and Design minors. Consult B. Clifford No required or recommended textbooks 4.120 Furniture Making Workshop
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-2-5 Lecture: WF9.30-11 (N51-160)
Provides instruction in designing and building a functional piece of furniture from an original design. Develops woodworking techniques from use of traditional hand tools to digital fabrication. Gives students the opportunity to practice design without using a building program or code. Surveys the history of furniture making. Additional work required of students taking for graduate credit. Limited to 12; preference to graduate Course 4 students. C. Dewart No required or recommended textbooks 4.123 Architectural Assemblies
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-2-5 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Design: F9-12 (3-133)
Fosters a holistic understanding of the architectural-building cycle, enabling students to build upon the history of design and construction to make informed decisions towards developing innovative building systems. Includes an overview of materials, processing methods, and their formation into building systems across cultures. Looks at developing innovative architectural systems focusing on the building envelope. Seeks to adapt processes from the aerospace and automotive industries to investigate buildings as prefabricated design and engineering assemblies. Synthesizes knowledge in building design and construction systems, environmental and structural design, and geometric and computational approaches. M. Goulthorpe No required or recommended textbooks 4.125 Furniture Making Workshop
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-2-5
Provides instruction in designing and building a functional piece of furniture from an original design. Develops woodworking techniques from use of traditional hand tools to digital fabrication. Gives students the opportunity to practice design without using a building program or code. Surveys the history of furniture making and includes site visits to local collections and artists/craftsmen. Additional work required of students taking for graduate credit. Limited to 12; preference to undergraduate Course 4 and 4B majors and Design and Architecture minors. Staff 4.130 Architectural Design Theory and Methodologies
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6
Studies design as an interrogative technique to examine material sciences, media arts and technology, cultural studies, computation and emerging fabrication protocols. Provides in-depth, theoretical grounding to the notion of 'design' in architecture, and to the consideration of contemporary design methodologies, while encouraging speculation on emerging design thinking. Topical focus varies with instructor. May be repeated for credit with permission of department. X. Aguirre 4.140[J] How to Make (Almost) Anything
()
(Same subject as 6.9020[J], MAS.863[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-9-6
Provides a practical hands-on introduction to digital fabrication, including CAD/CAM/CAE, NC machining, 3-D printing and scanning, molding and casting, composites, laser and waterjet cutting, PCB design and fabrication; sensors and actuators; mixed-signal instrumentation, embedded processing, and wired and wireless communications. Develops an understanding of these capabilities through projects using them individually and jointly to create functional systems. N. Gershenfeld 4.151 Architecture Design Core Studio I
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-12-9 [P/D/F]
Explores the foundations of design through a series of bracketed methods of production. These methods exercise topics such as form, space, organization, structure, circulation, use, tectonics, temporality, and experience. Students develop methods of representation that span from manual to virtual and from canonical to experimental. Each method is evaluated for what it offers and privileges, supplying a survey of approaches for design exercises to follow. First in a sequence of design subjects, which must be taken in order. Limited to first-year MArch students. Consult W. O'Brien 4.152 Architecture Design Core Studio II
()
Prereq: 4.151 Units: 0-12-9 Design: TRF1-5 (7-434)
Builds on Core I skills and expands the constraints of the architectural problem to include issues of urban site logistics, cultural and programmatic material (inhabitation and human factors), and long span structures. Two related projects introduce a range of disciplinary issues, such as working with precedents, site, sectional and spatial proposition of the building, and the performance of the outer envelope. Emphasizes the clarity of intentions and the development of appropriate architectural and representational solutions. Limited to first-year MArch students. Consult W. O'Brien No required or recommended textbooks 4.153 Architecture Design Core Studio III
()
Prereq: 4.152 Units: 0-12-9
Interdisciplinary approach to design through studio design problems that engage the domains of building technology, computation, and the cultural/historical geographies of energy. Uses different modalities of thought to examine architectural agendas for 'sustainability'; students position their work with respect to a broader understanding of the environment and its relationship to society and technology. Students develop a project with a comprehensive approach to programmatic organization, energy load considerations, building material assemblies, exterior envelope and structure systems. Limited to second-year MArch students. Consult W. O'Brien 4.154 Architecture Design Option Studio
(, )
Prereq: 4.153 Units: 0-10-11 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Design: TRF1-5 (3-415) or TRF1-5 (3-415) or TRF1-5 (3-415) or TRF1-5 (3-415) or TRF1-5 (3-415) +final
Offers a broad range of advanced-level investigations in architectural design in various contexts, including international sites. Integrates theoretical and technological discourses into specific topics. Studio problems may include urbanism and city scale strategies, habitation and urban housing systems, architecture in landscapes, material investigations and new production technologies, programmatic and spatial complex building typologies, and research centered studies. Mandatory lottery process. Fall: Consult W. O'Brien Spring: W. O'Brien No required or recommended textbooks 4.163[J] Urban Design Studio
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 11.332[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
The design of urban environments. Strategies for change in large areas of cities, to be developed over time, involving different actors. Fitting forms into natural, man-made, historical, and cultural contexts; enabling desirable activity patterns; conceptualizing built form; providing infrastructure and service systems; guiding the sensory character of development. Involves architecture and planning students in joint work; requires individual designs or design and planning guidelines. Staff 4.173[J] China Urban Design Studio
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 11.307[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-21-0
Design studio that includes architects, urban designers, and city planners working in teams on a contemporary development project of importance in China, particularly in transitional, deindustrializing cities. Students analyze conditions, explore alternatives, and synthesize architecture, city design, and implementation plans. Lectures and brief study tours expose students to history and contemporary issues of urbanism in China. Offered every other spring at MIT in parallel with urban design studio at Tsinghua University, Beijing, involving students and faculty from both schools. Field visit to China will occur in January prior to studio. Limited to 10. Staff 4.180 Design Workshop
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Subject in design inquiry taught in studio format treating selected issues of the built world in depth. The problem may be prototypical or a particular aspect of a whole project, but always interdisciplinary in nature. Staff 4.181 Architectural Design Workshop
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged Lecture: W9.30-12.30 (5-232)
Addresses design inquiry in a studio format. In-depth consideration of selected issues of the built world. The problem may be prototypical or a particular aspect of a whole project, but is always interdisciplinary in nature. Fall: B. Clifford IAP: M. Aljomairi, L. Alkhayat, K. Lee, C. Mueller, S. Kennedy Spring: J. Kolb No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.182 Architectural Design Workshop
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged Lecture: T10-1 (5-231)
Addresses design inquiry in a studio format. In-depth consideration of selected issues of the built world. The problem may be prototypical or a particular aspect of a whole project, but is always interdisciplinary in nature. Fall: Lisbeth Shepherd Spring: C. Zhong No required or recommended textbooks 4.183-4.185 Architectural Design Workshop
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged URL: 4.185: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes 4.184: Lecture: M12-2 (N52-391) 4.185: Design: R9-12 (5-415)
Addresses design inquiry in a studio format. In-depth consideration of selected issues of the built world. The problem may be prototypical or a particular aspect of a whole project, but is always interdisciplinary in nature. Fall: S. Kennedy Spring: S. Kennedy, C. Mueller 4.184: No required or recommended textbooks 4.185: No required or recommended textbooks 4.189 Preparation for MArch Thesis
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-1-5 URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Lecture: W2-5 (10-401) +final
Preparatory research development leading to a well-conceived proposition for the MArch design thesis. Students formulate a cohesive thesis argument and critical project using supportive research and case studies through a variety of representational media, critical traditions, and architectural/artistic conventions. Group study in seminar and studio format, with periodic reviews supplemented by conference with faculty and a designated committee member for each individual thesis. Restricted to MArch students. Fall: Consult W. O'Brien Spring: R. Shieh No required or recommended textbooks 4.190 Practical Experience in Architecture
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] URL: IAP URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes
Practical experience through summer and January IAP internships secured by the student in the field of architecture, urbanism, digital design, art, or building technology. Before registering for this subject, students must have an offer from the organization and complete the Department of Architecture application with their advisor's signature. Upon completion of the internship, students must submit an evaluation form available from the departmental academic office. Students are limited to a total of three approved experiences. Restricted to Course 4 graduate students. T. Haynes No textbook information available 4.191 Independent Study in Architecture Design
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Supplementary work on individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement for subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: T. Haynes IAP: T. Haynes Spring: T. Haynes No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.192 Independent Study in Architecture Design
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Supplementary work on individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement for subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: T. Haynes IAP: T. Haynes Spring: T. Haynes No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.193 Independent Study in Architecture Design
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Supplementary work on individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement for subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: T. Haynes IAP: T. Haynes Spring: T. Haynes No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.194 Independent Study in Architecture Design
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Supplementary work on individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement for subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: T. Haynes IAP: T. Haynes Spring: T. Haynes No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.S00 Special Subject: Design
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Seminar or lecture on a topic in design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. Staff 4.S01 Special Subject: Design
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Seminar or lecture on a topic in design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. Staff 4.S02 Special Subject: Design
()
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F]
Seminar or lecture on a topic in design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. E. Bilal No textbook information available 4.S03 Special Subject: Design
()
Prereq: None Units arranged Lecture: M12-1.30 (3-329)
Seminar or lecture on a topic in design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. A. Garcia-Abril Ruiz No textbook information available 4.S10 Special Subject: Architecture Design
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged
Seminar or lecture on a topic in architecture design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. Staff 4.S11 Special Subject: Architecture Design
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F]
Seminar or lecture on a topic in architecture design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. Staff 4.S12 Special Subject: Architecture Design
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged URL: https://architecture.mit.edu/classes Lecture: R9-12 (3-329)
Seminar or lecture on a topic in architecture design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. Fall: Brandon Clifford Spring: A. Giorgis, C. Norman No required or recommended textbooks 4.S13 Special Subject: Architecture Design
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged Lecture: W2-5 (1-136)
Seminar or lecture on a topic in architecture design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. A. Bucci No required or recommended textbooks 4.S14 Special Subject: Architecture Design
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] Lecture: M10-1 (1-136)
Seminar or lecture on a topic in architecture design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. IAP: Bo-won Keum Spring: B. Keum No textbook information available (IAP 2025); No required or recommended textbooks (Spring 2025) 4.S15 Special Subject: Design
()
Prereq: None Units arranged Lecture: M10-1 (5-216)
Seminar or lecture on a topic in design that is not covered in the regular curriculum. Requires original research and presentation of oral and written reports and/or design projects, varying at the discretion of the instructor. Y. Daniels No required or recommended textbooks |
| | | Architecture Design | | | Architecture Studies | | | Art, Culture and Technology | | | Building Technology | | | Computation | | | History, Theory and Criticism of Architecture and Art | | | Thesis and UROP | | | |
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Course 5: Chemistry |
| | | 5.00-5.4999 | | | 5.50-5.999, plus UROP and Theses | | | |
5.000[J] Dimensions of Geoengineering
(); first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 1.850[J], 10.600[J], 11.388[J], 12.884[J], 15.036[J], 16.645[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4
Familiarizes students with the potential contributions and risks of using geoengineering technologies to control climate damage from global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Discusses geoengineering in relation to other climate change responses: reducing emissions, removing CO2 from the atmosphere, and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Limited to 100. J. Deutch, M. Zuber 5.002[J] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 10.380[J], HST.438[J]) (Subject meets with 5.003[J], 8.245[J], 10.382[J], HST.439[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1
Covers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference to first-year students; all others should take HST.439. A. Chakraborty 5.003[J] Viruses, Pandemics, and Immunity
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 8.245[J], 10.382[J], HST.439[J]) (Subject meets with 5.002[J], 10.380[J], HST.438[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1
Covers the history of infectious diseases, basics of virology, immunology, and epidemiology, and ways in which diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antiviral therapies are currently designed and manufactured. Examines the origins of inequities in infection rates in society, and issues pertinent to vaccine safety. Final project explores how to create a more pandemic-resilient world. HST.438 intended for first-year students; all others should take HST.439. A. Chakraborty 5.008[J] Models of Molecular Systems: from Newtonian Mechanics to Machine Learning
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| | | 5.00-5.4999 | | | 5.50-5.999, plus UROP and Theses | | | |
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Course 6: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science |
| | | 6.10/6.50 | | | 6.20/6.60 | | | 6.30/6.70 | | | 6.40/6.80 | | | 6.90/6.ZZ | | | |
Programming & Software Engineering6.100A Introduction to Computer Science Programming in Python
(, ); first half of term
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 6.100L URL: https://introcomp.mit.edu/spring25 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: MW3-4.30 (26-100) Recitation: F10 (5-134) or F11 (5-134, 24-121) or F12 (24-121) or F1 (5-134) or F2 (5-134) or F1 (5-217) or F2 (5-217)
Introduction to computer science and programming for students with little or no programming experience. Students develop skills to program and use computational techniques to solve problems. Topics include the notion of computation, Python, simple algorithms and data structures, testing and debugging, and algorithmic complexity. Combination of 6.100A and 6.100B or 16.C20 counts as REST subject. Final given in the seventh week of the term. Fall: A. Bell Spring: A. Bell Textbooks (Spring 2025) 6.100B Introduction to Computational Thinking and Data Science
(, ); second half of term
Prereq: 6.100A or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 9.C20, 16.C20, 18.C20, CSE.C20 URL: https://introcomp.mit.edu/spring25 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3-4.30 (26-100) Recitation: F10 (5-134) or F11 (5-134, 24-121) or F12 (24-121) or F1 (5-134) or F2 (5-134) or F1 (5-217) or F2 (5-217)
Provides an introduction to using computation to understand real-world phenomena. Topics include plotting, stochastic programs, probability and statistics, random walks, Monte Carlo simulations, modeling data, optimization problems, and clustering. Combination of 6.100A and 6.100B counts as REST subject. Fall: A. Bell Spring: A. Bell Textbooks (Spring 2025) 6.100L Introduction to Computer Science and Programming
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 6.100A URL: https://introcomp.mit.edu/6.100L_sp25 Lecture: MW3-4.30 (34-101) Recitation: F10 (32-123)
Introduction to computer science and programming for students with no programming experience. Presents content taught in 6.100A over an entire semester. Students develop skills to program and use computational techniques to solve problems. Topics include the notion of computation, Python, simple algorithms and data structures, testing and debugging, and algorithmic complexity. Lectures are viewed outside of class; in-class time is dedicated to problem-solving and discussion. Combination of 6.100L and 6.100B or 16.C20 counts as REST subject. Fall: A. Bell Spring: A. Bell Textbooks (Spring 2025) 6.1010 Fundamentals of Programming
(, )
Prereq: 6.100A Units: 2-4-6 Lecture: MW9 (32-124) or MW10 (32-124, 32-144) or MW11 (56-154, 37-212) or MW1 (4-163, 32-124) or MW2 (4-163) or MW3 (3-270) or MW12 (32-124) Lab: F10-1 (32-044) or F2-5 (32-044) +final
Introduces fundamental concepts of programming. Designed to develop skills in applying basic methods from programming languages to abstract problems. Topics include programming and Python basics, computational concepts, software engineering, algorithmic techniques, data types, and recursion. Lab component consists of software design, construction, and implementation of design. Enrollment may be limited. Fall: R. Miller Spring: A. Hartz No textbook information available 6.1020 Software Construction
()
Prereq: 6.1010 Units: 3-0-12 Lecture: TR9.30-11 (26-100) +final
Introduces fundamental principles and techniques of software development: how to write software that is safe from bugs, easy to understand, and ready for change. Topics include specifications and invariants; testing, test-case generation, and coverage; abstract data types and representation independence; design patterns for object-oriented programming; concurrent programming, including message passing and shared memory concurrency, and defending against races and deadlock; and functional programming with immutable data and higher-order functions. Includes weekly programming exercises and larger group programming projects. M. Goldman No required or recommended textbooks 6.1040 Software Design
()
Prereq: 6.1020 and 6.1200 Units: 4-0-14
Provides design-focused instruction on how to build complex software applications. Design topics include classic human-computer interaction (HCI) design tactics (need finding, heuristic evaluation, prototyping, user testing), conceptual design (inventing, modeling and evaluating constituent concepts), social and ethical implications, abstract data modeling, and visual design. Implementation topics include reactive front-ends, web services, and databases. Students work both on individual projects and a larger team project in which they design and build full-stack web applications. A. Satyanarayan 6.1060 Software Performance Engineering
()
Prereq: 6.1020, 6.1210, and 6.1910 Units: 3-12-3
Project-based introduction to building efficient, high-performance and scalable software systems. Topics include performance analysis, algorithmic techniques for high performance, instruction-level optimizations, vectorization, cache and memory hierarchy optimization, and parallel programming. C. Leiserson 6.5060 Algorithm Engineering
()
Prereq: 6.1060 and 6.1220 Units: 3-0-9
Covers the theory and practice of algorithms and data structures. Topics include models of computation, algorithm design and analysis, and performance engineering of algorithm implementations. Presents the design and implementation of sequential, parallel, cache-efficient, and external-memory algorithms. Illustrates many of the principles of algorithm engineering in the context of parallel algorithms and graph problems. Staff 6.5080 Multicore Programming
()
(Subject meets with 6.5081) Prereq: 6.1210 Units: 4-0-8
Introduces principles and core techniques for programming multicore machines. Topics include locking, scalability, concurrent data structures, multiprocessor scheduling, load balancing, and state-of-the-art synchronization techniques, such as transactional memory. Includes sequence of programming assignments on a large multicore machine, culminating with the design of a highly concurrent application. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. N. Shavit 6.5081 Multicore Programming
()
(Subject meets with 6.5080) Prereq: 6.1210 Units: 4-0-8
Introduces principles and core techniques for programming multicore machines. Topics include locking, scalability, concurrent data structures, multiprocessor scheduling, load balancing, and state-of-the-art synchronization techniques, such as transactional memory. Includes sequence of programming assignments on a large multicore machine, culminating with the design of a highly concurrent application. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff Programming Languages6.1100 Computer Language Engineering
()
Prereq: 6.1020 and 6.1910 Units: 4-4-4 Lecture: MWF11 (32-123) Recitation: TR12 (32-155)
Analyzes issues associated with the implementation of higher-level programming languages. Fundamental concepts, functions, and structures of compilers. The interaction of theory and practice. Using tools in building software. Includes a multi-person project on compiler design and implementation. M. Rinard No textbook information available 6.1120 Dynamic Computer Language Engineering
()
Prereq: 6.1020 or 6.1910 Units: 4-4-4
Studies the design and implementation of modern, dynamic programming languages. Topics include fundamental approaches for parsing, semantics and interpretation, virtual machines, garbage collection, just-in-time machine code generation, and optimization. Includes a semester-long, group project that delivers a virtual machine that spans all of these topics. M. Rinard 6.5110 Foundations of Program Analysis
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 6.1100 Units: 3-0-9
Presents major principles and techniques for program analysis. Includes formal semantics, type systems and type-based program analysis, abstract interpretation and model checking and synthesis. Emphasis on Haskell and Ocaml, but no prior experience in these languages is assumed. Student assignments include implementing of techniques covered in class, including building simple verifiers. A. Solar-Lezama 6.5120 Formal Reasoning About Programs
()
Prereq: 6.1020 and 6.1200 Units: 3-0-9
Surveys techniques for rigorous mathematical reasoning about correctness of software, emphasizing commonalities across approaches. Introduces interactive computer theorem proving with the Coq proof assistant, which is used for all assignments, providing immediate feedback on soundness of logical arguments. Covers common program-proof techniques, including operational semantics, model checking, abstract interpretation, type systems, program logics, and their applications to functional, imperative, and concurrent programs. Develops a common conceptual framework based on invariants, abstraction, and modularity applied to state and labeled transition systems. A. Chlipala 6.5150 Large-scale Symbolic Systems
()
(Subject meets with 6.5151) Prereq: 6.4100 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MWF2 (35-225)
Concepts and techniques for the design and implementation of large software systems that can be adapted to uses not anticipated by the designer. Applications include compilers, computer-algebra systems, deductive systems, and some artificial intelligence applications. Covers means for decoupling goals from strategy, mechanisms for implementing additive data-directed invocation, work with partially-specified entities, and how to manage multiple viewpoints. Topics include combinators, generic operations, pattern matching, pattern-directed invocation, rule systems, backtracking, dependencies, indeterminacy, memoization, constraint propagation, and incremental refinement. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. G. J. Sussman No textbook information available 6.5151 Large-scale Symbolic Systems
()
(Subject meets with 6.5150) Prereq: 6.4100 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MWF2 (35-225)
Concepts and techniques for the design and implementation of large software systems that can be adapted to uses not anticipated by the designer. Applications include compilers, computer-algebra systems, deductive systems, and some artificial intelligence applications. Covers means for decoupling goals from strategy, mechanisms for implementing additive data-directed invocation, work with partially-specified entities, and how to manage multiple viewpoints. Topics include combinators, generic operations, pattern matching, pattern-directed invocation, rule systems, backtracking, dependencies, indeterminacy, memoization, constraint propagation, and incremental refinement. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. G. Sussman Textbooks (Spring 2025) 6.5160[J] Classical Mechanics: A Computational Approach
()
(Same subject as 8.351[J], 12.620[J]) Prereq: Physics I (GIR), 18.03, and permission of instructor Units: 3-3-6
Classical mechanics in a computational framework, Lagrangian formulation, action, variational principles, and Hamilton's principle. Conserved quantities, Hamiltonian formulation, surfaces of section, chaos, and Liouville's theorem. Poincaré integral invariants, Poincaré-Birkhoff and KAM theorems. Invariant curves and cantori. Nonlinear resonances, resonance overlap and transition to chaos. Symplectic integration. Adiabatic invariants. Applications to simple physical systems and solar system dynamics. Extensive use of computation to capture methods, for simulation, and for symbolic analysis. Programming experience required. J. Wisdom, G. J. Sussman Theoretical Computer Science6.1200[J] Mathematics for Computer Science
(, )
(Same subject as 18.062[J]) Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (26-100) Recitation: WF10 (38-166, 36-155) or WF11 (38-166, 36-155, 26-168) or WF12 (38-166, 36-156, 26-168) or WF1 (38-166, 36-156, 35-310) or WF2 (38-166, 36-156, 35-308) or WF3 (38-166, 36-156) +final
Elementary discrete mathematics for science and engineering, with a focus on mathematical tools and proof techniques useful in computer science. Topics include logical notation, sets, relations, elementary graph theory, state machines and invariants, induction and proofs by contradiction, recurrences, asymptotic notation, elementary analysis of algorithms, elementary number theory and cryptography, permutations and combinations, counting tools, and discrete probability. Fall: Z. Abel Spring: Z. Abel No textbook information available 6.120A Discrete Mathematics and Proof for Computer Science
(); second half of term
Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) Units: 3-0-3 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR1-2.30 (32-144) Recitation: WF1 (13-3101) or WF2 (13-3101) +final
Subset of elementary discrete mathematics for science and engineering useful in computer science. Topics may include logical notation, sets, done relations, elementary graph theory, state machines and invariants, induction and proofs by contradiction, recurrences, asymptotic notation, elementary analysis of algorithms, elementary number theory and cryptography, permutations and combinations, counting tools. P. Jaillet No textbook information available 6.1210 Introduction to Algorithms
(, )
Prereq: 6.100A and (6.1200 or (6.120A and (6.3700, 6.3800, 18.05, or 18.600))) Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (26-100) Recitation: WF10 (34-304, 34-303, 36-156) or WF11 (34-304, 34-303, 34-301) or WF12 (34-304, 34-301) or WF1 (34-304, 34-303, 34-301) or WF2 (34-304, 34-303, 34-301) or WF3 (34-304, 34-301) or WF4 (34-304) or WF10 (36-153) or WF4 (36-155) +final
Introduction to mathematical modeling of computational problems, as well as common algorithms, algorithmic paradigms, and data structures used to solve these problems. Emphasizes the relationship between algorithms and programming, and introduces basic performance measures and analysis techniques for these problems. Enrollment may be limited. Fall: B. Chapman Spring: B. Chapman No textbook information available 6.1220[J] Design and Analysis of Algorithms
(, )
(Same subject as 18.410[J]) Prereq: 6.1200 and 6.1210 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (32-123) Recitation: F9 (36-112) or F10 (36-112) or F11 (36-112) or F12 (36-112) or F1 (36-112) or F2 (36-112) or F3 (36-112) or F10 (24-121) or F11 (4-265) or F12 (4-265) or F1 (4-265) or F2 (24-121) or F3 (24-121) +final
Techniques for the design and analysis of efficient algorithms, emphasizing methods useful in practice. Topics include sorting; search trees, heaps, and hashing; divide-and-conquer; dynamic programming; greedy algorithms; amortized analysis; graph algorithms; and shortest paths. Advanced topics may include network flow; computational geometry; number-theoretic algorithms; polynomial and matrix calculations; caching; and parallel computing. Fall: S. Raghuraman Spring: S. Raghuraman Textbooks (Spring 2025) 6.1400[J] Computability and Complexity Theory
()
(Same subject as 18.400[J]) Prereq: (6.1200 and 6.1210) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (37-212) Recitation: F11 (4-257) or F1 (24-121) +final
Mathematical introduction to the theory of computing. Rigorously explores what kinds of tasks can be efficiently solved with computers by way of finite automata, circuits, Turing machines, and communication complexity, introducing students to some major open problems in mathematics. Builds skills in classifying computational tasks in terms of their difficulty. Discusses other fundamental issues in computing, including the Halting Problem, the Church-Turing Thesis, the P versus NP problem, and the power of randomness. R. Williams Textbooks (Spring 2025) 6.1420 Fixed Parameter and Fine-grained Computation
()
Prereq: 6.1200, 6.1210, and (6.1220, 6.1400, or 18.404) Units: 3-0-9
An overview of the theory of parameterized algorithms and the "problem-centric" theory of fine-grained complexity, both of which reconsider how to measure the difficulty and feasibility of solving computational problems. Topics include: fixed-parameter tractability (FPT) and its characterizations, the W-hierarchy (W[1], W[2], W[P], etc.), 3-sum-hardness, all-pairs shortest paths (APSP)-equivalences, strong exponential time hypothesis (SETH) hardness of problems, and the connections to circuit complexity and other aspects of computing. V. Vassilevska Williams 6.5210[J] Advanced Algorithms
()
(Same subject as 18.415[J]) Prereq: 6.1220 and (6.1200, 6.3700, or 18.600) Units: 5-0-7
First-year graduate subject in algorithms. Emphasizes fundamental algorithms and advanced methods of algorithmic design, analysis, and implementation. Surveys a variety of computational models and the algorithms for them. Data structures, network flows, linear programming, computational geometry, approximation algorithms, online algorithms, parallel algorithms, external memory, streaming algorithms. D. Karger 6.5220[J] Randomized Algorithms
()
(Same subject as 18.416[J]) Prereq: (6.1200 or 6.3700) and (6.1220 or 6.5210) Units: 5-0-7
Studies how randomization can be used to make algorithms simpler and more efficient via random sampling, random selection of witnesses, symmetry breaking, and Markov chains. Models of randomized computation. Data structures: hash tables, and skip lists. Graph algorithms: minimum spanning trees, shortest paths, and minimum cuts. Geometric algorithms: convex hulls, linear programming in fixed or arbitrary dimension. Approximate counting; parallel algorithms; online algorithms; derandomization techniques; and tools for probabilistic analysis of algorithms. Staff 6.5230 Advanced Data Structures
()
Prereq: 6.1220 Units: 3-0-9
More advanced and powerful data structures for answering several queries on the same data. Such structures are crucial in particular for designing efficient algorithms. Dictionaries; hashing; search trees. Self-adjusting data structures; linear search; splay trees; dynamic optimality. Integer data structures; word RAM. Predecessor problem; van Emde Boas priority queues; y-fast trees; fusion trees. Lower bounds; cell-probe model; round elimination. Dynamic graphs; link-cut trees; dynamic connectivity. Strings; text indexing; suffix arrays; suffix trees. Static data structures; compact arrays; rank and select. Succinct data structures; tree encodings; implicit data structures. External-memory and cache-oblivious data structures; B-trees; buffer trees; tree layout; ordered-file maintenance. Temporal data structures; persistence; retroactivity. Staff 6.5240 Sublinear Time Algorithms
()
Prereq: 6.1220 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Sublinear time algorithms understand parameters and properties of input data after viewing only a minuscule fraction of it. Tools from number theory, combinatorics, linear algebra, optimization theory, distributed algorithms, statistics, and probability are covered. Topics include: testing and estimating properties of distributions, functions, graphs, strings, point sets, and various combinatorial objects. R. Rubinfeld 6.5250[J] Distributed Algorithms
()
(Same subject as 18.437[J]) Prereq: 6.1220 Units: 3-0-9
Design and analysis of algorithms, emphasizing those suitable for use in distributed networks. Covers various topics including distributed graph algorithms, locality constraints, bandwidth limitations and communication complexity, process synchronization, allocation of computational resources, fault tolerance, and asynchrony. No background in distributed systems required. M. Ghaffari, N. A. Lynch 6.5310 Geometric Folding Algorithms: Linkages, Origami, Polyhedra
()
Prereq: 6.1220 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (32-082)
Covers discrete geometry and algorithms underlying the reconfiguration of foldable structures, with applications to robotics, manufacturing, and biology. Linkages made from one-dimensional rods connected by hinges: constructing polynomial curves, characterizing rigidity, characterizing unfoldable versus locked, protein folding. Folding two-dimensional paper (origami): characterizing flat foldability, algorithmic origami design, one-cut magic trick. Unfolding and folding three-dimensional polyhedra: edge unfolding, vertex unfolding, gluings, Alexandrov's Theorem, hinged dissections. E. Demaine Textbooks (Spring 2025) 6.5320 Geometric Computing
()
Prereq: 6.1220 Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to the design and analysis of algorithms for geometric problems, in low- and high-dimensional spaces. Algorithms: convex hulls, polygon triangulation, Delaunay triangulation, motion planning, pattern matching. Geometric data structures: point location, Voronoi diagrams, Binary Space Partitions. Geometric problems in higher dimensions: linear programming, closest pair problems. High-dimensional nearest neighbor search and low-distortion embeddings between metric spaces. Geometric algorithms for massive data sets: external memory and streaming algorithms. Geometric optimization. Staff 6.5340 Topics in Algorithmic Game Theory
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 6.1210 or 6.1220 Units: 3-0-9
Presents research topics at the interface of computer science and game theory, with an emphasis on algorithms and computational complexity. Explores the types of game-theoretic tools that are applicable to computer systems, the loss in system performance due to the conflicts of interest of users and administrators, and the design of systems whose performance is robust with respect to conflicts of interest inside the system. Algorithmic focus is on algorithms for equilibria, the complexity of equilibria and fixed points, algorithmic tools in mechanism design, learning in games, and the price of anarchy. K. Daskalakis 6.5350 Matrix Multiplication and Graph Algorithms
()
Prereq: 6.1220 Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (45-102)
Explores topics around matrix multiplication (MM) and its use in the design of graph algorithms. Focuses on problems such as transitive closure, shortest paths, graph matching, and other classical graph problems. Explores fast approximation algorithms when MM techniques are too expensive. V. Vassilevska Williams No textbook information available 6.5400[J] Theory of Computation
()
(Same subject as 18.4041[J]) (Subject meets with 18.404) Prereq: 6.1200 or 18.200 Units: 4-0-8
A more extensive and theoretical treatment of the material in 6.1400J/18.400J, emphasizing computability and computational complexity theory. Regular and context-free languages. Decidable and undecidable problems, reducibility, recursive function theory. Time and space measures on computation, completeness, hierarchy theorems, inherently complex problems, oracles, probabilistic computation, and interactive proof systems. Students in Course 18 must register for the undergraduate version, 18.404. M. Sipser 6.5410[J] Advanced Complexity Theory
()
(Same subject as 18.405[J]) Prereq: 18.404 Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (4-163)
Current research topics in computational complexity theory. Nondeterministic, alternating, probabilistic, and parallel computation models. Boolean circuits. Complexity classes and complete sets. The polynomial-time hierarchy. Interactive proof systems. Relativization. Definitions of randomness. Pseudo-randomness and derandomizations. Interactive proof systems and probabilistically checkable proofs. D. Minzer No textbook information available 6.5420 Randomness and Computation
()
Prereq: 6.1220 and 18.4041 Units: 3-0-9
The power and sources of randomness in computation. Connections and applications to computational complexity, computational learning theory, cryptography and combinatorics. Topics include: probabilistic proofs, uniform generation and approximate counting, Fourier analysis of Boolean functions, computational learning theory, expander graphs, pseudorandom generators, derandomization. R. Rubinfeld 6.5430 Quantum Complexity Theory
()
Prereq: 6.1400, 18.4041, and 18.435 Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to quantum computational complexity theory, the study of the fundamental capabilities and limitations of quantum computers. Topics include complexity classes, lower bounds, communication complexity, proofs and advice, and interactive proof systems in the quantum world; classical simulation of quantum circuits. The objective is to bring students to the research frontier. Staff Security & Cryptography6.1600 Foundations of Computer Security
()
Prereq: (6.1210 and (6.1800 or 6.1810)) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Fundamental notions and big ideas for achieving security in computer systems. Topics include cryptographic foundations (pseudorandomness, collision-resistant hash functions, authentication codes, signatures, authenticated encryption, public-key encryption), systems ideas (isolation, non-interference, authentication, access control, delegation, trust), and implementation techniques (privilege separation, fuzzing, symbolic execution, runtime defenses, side-channel attacks). Case studies of how these ideas are realized in deployed systems. Lab assignments apply ideas from lectures to learn how to build secure systems and how they can be attacked. S. Devadas 6.5610 Applied Cryptography
()
Prereq: 6.1200 and (6.1800 or 6.1810) Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW11-12.30 (6-120) Recitation: F11 (1-190)
Covers advanced applications of cryptography, implementation of cryptographic primitives, and cryptanalysis. Topics may include: proof systems; zero knowledge; secret sharing; multiparty computation; fully homomorphic encryption; electronic voting; design of block ciphers and hash functions; elliptic-curve and lattice-based cryptosystems; and algorithms for collision-finding, discrete-log, and factoring. Assignments include a final group project. Topics may vary from year to year. Y. Kalai No textbook information available 6.5620[J] Foundations of Cryptography
()
(Same subject as 18.425[J]) Prereq: 6.1220, 6.1400, or 18.4041 Units: 3-0-9
A rigorous introduction to modern cryptography. Emphasis on the fundamental cryptographic primitives such as public-key encryption, digital signatures, and pseudo-random number generation, as well as advanced cryptographic primitives such as zero-knowledge proofs, homomorphic encryption, and secure multiparty computation. Staff 6.5630 Advanced Topics in Cryptography
()
Prereq: 6.5620 Units: 3-0-9
In-depth exploration of recent results in cryptography. V. Vaikuntanathan 6.5660 Computer Systems Security
()
Prereq: 6.1020 and (6.1800 or 6.1810) Units: 3-6-3
Design and implementation of secure computer systems. Lectures cover attacks that compromise security as well as techniques for achieving security, based on recent research papers. Topics include operating system security, privilege separation, capabilities, language-based security, cryptographic network protocols, trusted hardware, and security in web applications and mobile phones. Labs involve implementing and compromising a web application that sandboxes arbitrary code, and a group final project. Staff Computer Systems6.1800 Computer Systems Engineering
()
Prereq: 6.1910 Units: 5-1-6 URL: https://mit.edu/6.1800 Lecture: MW2 (26-100) Lab: F1 (36-144) or F2 (36-144) or F1 (26-142) or F2 (26-142) or F1 (26-210) or F2 (26-210) or F1 (26-314) or F2 (26-314) or F1 (4-149) or F2 (4-149) or F1 (4-261) or F2 (4-261) or F1 (4-145) or F2 (4-145) or F1 (24-307) or F2 (24-307) Recitation: TR10 (34-301, 36-153, 36-156) or TR11 (34-301, 36-153, 36-156, 34-303) or TR12 (34-303, 36-155) or TR1 (34-302, 35-310, 36-155, 24-307) or TR2 (34-302, 35-308, 24-307) +final
Topics on the engineering of computer software and hardware systems: techniques for controlling complexity; strong modularity using client-server design, operating systems; performance, networks; naming; security and privacy; fault-tolerant systems, atomicity and coordination of concurrent activities, and recovery; impact of computer systems on society. Case studies of working systems and readings from the current literature provide comparisons and contrasts. Includes a single, semester-long design project. Students engage in extensive written communication exercises. Enrollment may be limited. K. LaCurts Textbooks (Spring 2025) 6.1810 Operating System Engineering
()
Prereq: 6.1910 Units: 3-0-9
Design and implementation of operating systems, and their use as a foundation for systems programming. Topics include virtual memory, file systems, threads, context switches, kernels, interrupts, system calls, interprocess communication, coordination, and interaction between software and hardware. A multi-processor operating system for RISC-V, xv6, is used to illustrate these topics. Individual laboratory assignments involve extending the xv6 operating system, for example to support sophisticated virtual memory features and networking. M. Kaashoek 6.1820[J] Mobile and Sensor Computing
()
(Same subject as MAS.453[J]) Prereq: 6.1800 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (24-121)
Focuses on "Internet of Things" (IoT) systems and technologies, sensing, computing, and communication. Explores fundamental design and implementation issues in the engineering of mobile and sensor computing systems. Topics include battery-free sensors, seeing through wall, robotic sensors, vital sign sensors (breathing, heartbeats, emotions), sensing in cars and autonomous vehicles, subsea IoT, sensor security, positioning technologies (including GPS and indoor WiFi), inertial sensing (accelerometers, gyroscopes, inertial measurement units, dead-reckoning), embedded and distributed system architectures, sensing with radio signals, sensing with microphones and cameras, wireless sensor networks, embedded and distributed system architectures, mobile libraries and APIs to sensors, and application case studies. Includes readings from research literature, as well as laboratory assignments and a significant term project. F. Adib No textbook information available 6.1850 Computer Systems and Society
()
Prereq: 6.1800 Units: 3-0-9
Explores the impact of computer systems on individual humans, society, and the environment. Examines large- and small-scale power structures that stem from low-level technical design decisions, the consequences of those structures on society, and how they can limit or provide access to certain technologies. Students learn to assess design decisions within an ethical framework and consider the impact of their decisions on non-users. Case studies of working systems and readings from the current literature provide comparisons and contrasts. Possible topics include the implications of hierarchical designs (e.g., DNS) for scale; how layered models influence what parts of a network have the power to take certain actions; and the environmental impact of proof-of-work-based systems such as Bitcoin. Enrollment may be limited. K. Lacurts 6.5810 Operating System Engineering
()
Prereq: 6.1020 and (6.1800 or 6.1810) Units: 3-6-3
Fundamental design and implementation issues in the engineering of operating systems. Lectures based on the study of a symmetric multiprocessor version of UNIX version 6 and research papers. Topics include virtual memory; file system; threads; context switches; kernels; interrupts; system calls; interprocess communication; coordination, and interaction between software and hardware. Individual laboratory assignments accumulate in the construction of a minimal operating system (for an x86-based personal computer) that implements the basic operating system abstractions and a shell. Knowledge of programming in the C language is a prerequisite. Staff 6.5820 Computer Networks
()
Prereq: 6.1800 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Topics on the engineering and analysis of network protocols and architecture, including architectural principles for designing heterogeneous networks; transport protocols; Internet routing; router design; congestion control and network resource management; wireless networks; network security; naming; overlay and peer-to-peer networks. Readings from original research papers. Semester-long project and paper. H. Balakrishnan 6.5830 Database Systems
()
(Subject meets with 6.5831) Prereq: ((6.1210 or 6.1220) and (6.1800 or 6.1810)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Topics related to the engineering and design of database systems, including data models; database and schema design; schema normalization and integrity constraints; query processing; query optimization and cost estimation; transactions; recovery; concurrency control; isolation and consistency; distributed, parallel and heterogeneous databases; adaptive databases; trigger systems; pub-sub systems; semi structured data and XML querying. Lecture and readings from original research papers. Semester-long project and paper. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Enrollment may be limited. S. R. Madden 6.5831 Database Systems
()
(Subject meets with 6.5830) Prereq: ((6.1210 or 6.1220) and (6.1800 or 6.1810)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Topics related to the engineering and design of database systems, including data models; database and schema design; schema normalization and integrity constraints; query processing; query optimization and cost estimation; transactions; recovery; concurrency control; isolation and consistency; distributed, parallel and heterogeneous databases; adaptive databases; trigger systems; pub-sub systems; semi structured data and XML querying. Lecture and readings from original research papers. Semester-long project and paper. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Enrollment may be limited. S. R. Madden 6.5840 Distributed Computer Systems Engineering
()
Prereq: 6.1800, 6.1810, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (54-100) +final
Abstractions and implementation techniques for engineering distributed systems: remote procedure call, threads and locking, client/server, peer-to-peer, consistency, fault tolerance, and security. Readings from current literature. Individual laboratory assignments culminate in the construction of a fault-tolerant and scalable network file system. Programming experience with C/C++ required. Enrollment limited. R. Morris No textbook information available 6.5850 Principles of Computer Systems
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to the basic principles of computer systems with emphasis on the use of rigorous techniques as an aid to understanding and building modern computing systems. Particular attention paid to concurrent and distributed systems. Topics include: specification and verification, concurrent algorithms, synchronization, naming, Networking, replication techniques (including distributed cache management), and principles and algorithms for achieving reliability. M. F. Kaashoek, B. Lampson, N. B. Zeldovich Computer Architecture6.1903 Introduction to Low-level Programming in C and Assembly
(); first half of term
Prereq: 6.100A Units: 2-2-2 Credit cannot also be received for 6.1904 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: M9.30-11 (32-123) Lab: W9.30-12 (38-530) or W12-2.30 (38-530) or W2.30-5 (38-530) Recitation: T9.30-11 (45-230) or T11-12.30 (45-230) or T1-2.30 (45-230) or T2.30-4 (2-190) or T9.30-11 (32-144) or T11-12.30 (32-141) or T1-2.30 (32-155) or T2.30-4 (36-155)
Introduction to C and assembly language for students coming from a Python background (6.100A). Studies the C language, focusing on memory and associated topics including pointers, how different data structures are stored in memory, the stack, and the heap in order to build a strong understanding of the constraints involved in manipulating complex data structures in modern computational systems. Studies assembly language to facilitate a firm understanding of how high-level languages are translated to machine-level instructions. J. D. Steinmeyer, S. Z. Hanono Wachman No textbook information available 6.1904 Introduction to Low-level Programming in C and Assembly
(); second half of term
Prereq: 6.100A Units: 2-2-2 Credit cannot also be received for 6.1903 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: M9.30-11 (32-123) Lab: W9.30-12 (38-530) or W12-2.30 (38-530) or W2.30-5 (38-530) Recitation: T9.30-11 (45-230) or T11-12.30 (45-230) or T1-2.30 (45-230) or T2.30-4 (2-190) or T9.30-11 (32-144) or T11-12.30 (32-141) or T1-2.30 (32-155) or T2.30-4 (36-155)
Introduction to C and assembly language for students coming from a Python background (6.100A). Studies the C language, focusing on memory and associated topics including pointers, how different data structures are stored in memory, the stack, and the heap in order to build a strong understanding of the constraints involved in manipulating complex data structures in modern computational systems. Studies assembly language to facilitate a firm understanding of how high-level languages are translated to machine-level instructions. J. D. Steinmeyer, S. Z. Hanono Wachman No textbook information available 6.1910 Computation Structures
(, )
Prereq: Physics II (GIR), 6.100A, and (Coreq: 6.1903 or 6.1904); or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR1 (32-123) Recitation: WF10 (34-302) or WF11 (34-302) or WF12 (34-302) or WF1 (34-302) or WF2 (34-302) or WF3 (34-302) or WF10 (35-308) or WF11 (35-308) or WF12 (35-308) or WF1 (35-308) or WF2 (8-205) or WF3 (8-205)
Provides an introduction to the design of digital systems and computer architecture. Emphasizes expressing all hardware designs in a high-level hardware description language and synthesizing the designs. Topics include combinational and sequential circuits, instruction set abstraction for programmable hardware, single-cycle and pipelined processor implementations, multi-level memory hierarchies, virtual memory, exceptions and I/O, and parallel systems. Fall: S. Hanono Wachman Spring: S. Hanono Wachman No textbook information available 6.1920 Constructive Computer Architecture
()
Prereq: 6.1910 Units: 3-8-1
Illustrates a constructive (as opposed to a descriptive) approach to computer architecture. Topics include combinational and pipelined arithmetic-logic units (ALU), in-order pipelined microarchitectures, branch prediction, blocking and unblocking caches, interrupts, virtual memory support, cache coherence and multicore architectures. Labs in a modern Hardware Design Language (HDL) illustrate various aspects of microprocessor design, culminating in a term project in which students present a multicore design running on an FPGA board. Staff 6.5900 Computer System Architecture
()
Prereq: 6.1910 Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to the principles underlying modern computer architecture. Emphasizes the relationship among technology, hardware organization, and programming systems in the evolution of computer architecture. Topics include pipelined, out-of-order, and speculative execution; caches, virtual memory and exception handling, superscalar, very long instruction word (VLIW), vector, and multithreaded processors; on-chip networks, memory models, synchronization, and cache coherence protocols for multiprocessors. J. Emer 6.5910 Complex Digital Systems Design
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 6.1910 Units: 5-5-2
Introduction to the design and implementation of large-scale digital systems using hardware description languages and high-level synthesis tools in conjunction with standard commercial electronic design automation (EDA) tools. Emphasizes modular and robust designs, reusable modules, correctness by construction, architectural exploration, meeting area and timing constraints, and developing functional field-programmable gate array (FPGA) prototypes. Extensive use of CAD tools in weekly labs serve as preparation for a multi-person design project on multi-million gate FPGAs. Enrollment may be limited. Staff 6.5920 Parallel Computing
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 6.1910 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to parallel and multicore computer architecture and programming. Topics include the design and implementation of multicore processors; networking, video, continuum, particle and graph applications for multicores; communication and synchronization algorithms and mechanisms; locality in parallel computations; computational models, including shared memory, streams, message passing, and data parallel; multicore mechanisms for synchronization, cache coherence, and multithreading. Performance evaluation of multicores; compilation and runtime systems for parallel computing. Substantial project required. Staff 6.5930 Hardware Architecture for Deep Learning
()
(Subject meets with 6.5931) Prereq: 6.1910 and (6.3000 or 6.3900) Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (54-100) Lab: TBA Recitation: F11 (32-155)
Introduction to the design and implementation of hardware architectures for efficient processing of deep learning algorithms and tensor algebra in AI systems. Topics include basics of deep learning, optimization principles for programmable platforms, design principles of accelerator architectures, co-optimization of algorithms and hardware (including sparsity) and use of advanced technologies (including memristors and optical computing). Includes labs involving modeling and analysis of hardware architectures, architecting deep learning inference systems, and an open-ended design project. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. V. Sze, J. Emer No textbook information available 6.5931 Hardware Architecture for Deep Learning
()
(Subject meets with 6.5930) Prereq: 6.1910 and (6.3000 or 6.3900) Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (54-100) Lab: TBA Recitation: F11 (32-155)
Introduction to the design and implementation of hardware architectures for efficient processing of deep learning algorithms and tensor algebra in AI systems. Topics include basics of deep learning, optimization principles for programmable platforms, design principles of accelerator architectures, co-optimization of algorithms and hardware (including sparsity) and use of advanced technologies (including memristors and optical computing). Includes labs involving modeling and analysis of hardware architectures, architecting deep learning inference systems, and an open-ended design project. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. V. Sze, J. Emer No textbook information available 6.5940 TinyML and Efficient Deep Learning Computing
()
Prereq: 6.1910 and 6.3900 Units: 3-0-9
Introduces efficient deep learning computing techniques that enable powerful deep learning applications on resource-constrained devices. Topics include model compression, pruning, quantization, neural architecture search, distributed training, data/model parallellism, gradient compression, on-device fine-tuning. It also introduces application-specific acceleration techniques for video recognition, point cloud, and generative AI (diffusion model, LLM). Students will get hands-on experience accelerating deep learning applications with an open-ended design project. S. Han 6.5950 Secure Hardware Design
()
(Subject meets with 6.5951) Prereq: 6.1910 Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://shd.mit.edu/ Lecture: MW1-2.30 (E25-111)
Introduction to basic concepts, principles, and implementation issues in the designing of secure hardware systems. Through a mixture of lectures and paper discussions, covers state-of-the-art security attacks and defenses targeting the computer architecture, digital circuits, and physics layers of computer systems. Emphasizes both the conceptual and the practical aspects of security issues in modern hardware systems. Topics include microarchitectural timing side channels, speculative execution attacks, RowHammer, Trusted Execution Environment, physical attacks, hardware support for software security, and verification of digital systems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. M. Yan No textbook information available 6.5951 Secure Hardware Design
()
(Subject meets with 6.5950) Prereq: 6.1910 Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://shd.mit.edu/ Lecture: MW1-2.30 (E25-111)
Introduction to basic concepts, principles, and implementation issues in the designing of secure hardware systems. Through a mixture of lectures and paper discussions, covers state-of-the-art security attacks and defenses targeting the computer architecture, digital circuits, and physics layers of computer systems. Emphasizes both the conceptual and the practical aspects of security issues in modern hardware systems. Topics include microarchitectural timing side channels, speculative execution attacks, RowHammer, Trusted Execution Environment, physical attacks, hardware support for software security, and verification of digital systems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. M. Yan No textbook information available |
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Course 7: Biology |
| | | 7.00-7.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | | |
Undergraduate Subjects
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| | | 7.00-7.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | | |
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Course 8: Physics |
| | | 8.01-8.299 plus UROP and THU | | | 8.300-8.999 plus THG | | | |
Undergraduate Subjects8.006 Exploring Physics Using Python
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| | | 8.01-8.299 plus UROP and THU | | | 8.300-8.999 plus THG | | | |
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Course 9: Brain and Cognitive Sciences |
| | | 9.00-9.499 | | | 9.50-9.999 plus Thesis, UROP | | | |
9.00 Introduction to Psychological Science
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Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR2-3.30 (32-123) Recitation: W10 (46-1015) or W4 (46-1015) or W EVE (7 PM) (46-1015) or R12 (46-3037) or R4 (46-1015) or R EVE (7 PM) (46-1015) or F10 (46-1015) or F11 (46-1015) or F1 (46-3037) or F2 (46-3037) or R4 (46-3037)
A survey of the scientific study of human nature, including how the mind works, and how the brain supports the mind. Topics include the mental and neural bases of perception, emotion, learning, memory, cognition, child development, personality, psychopathology, and social interaction. Consideration of how such knowledge relates to debates about nature and nurture, free will, consciousness, human differences, self, and society. J. D. Gabrieli No required or recommended textbooks 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience
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Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to the mammalian nervous system, with emphasis on the structure and function of the human brain. Topics include the function of nerve cells, sensory systems, control of movement, learning and memory, and diseases of the brain. M. Bear 9.011 Systems Neuroscience Core I
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 6-0-12
Survey of brain and behavioral studies. Examines principles underlying the structure and function of the nervous system, with a focus on systems approaches. Topics include development of the nervous system and its connections, sensory systems of the brain, the motor system, higher cortical functions, and behavioral and cellular analyses of learning and memory. Preference to first-year graduate students in BCS. R. Desimone, E. K. Miller 9.012 Cognitive Science
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 6-0-12 Lecture: TR1-4 (46-4199)
Intensive survey of cognitive science. Topics include visual perception, language, memory, cognitive architecture, learning, reasoning, decision-making, and cognitive development. Topics covered from behavioral, computational, and neural perspectives. E. Gibson, P. Sinha, J. Tenenbaum No textbook information available 9.013[J] Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Core II
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(Same subject as 7.68[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (46-4062)
Survey and primary literature review of major areas in molecular and cellular neurobiology. Covers genetic neurotrophin signaling, adult neurogenesis, G-protein coupled receptor signaling, glia function, epigenetics, neuronal and homeostatic plasticity, neuromodulators of circuit function, and neurological/psychiatric disease mechanisms. Includes lectures and exams, and involves presentation and discussion of primary literature. 9.015 recommended, though the core subjects can be taken in any sequence. G. Feng, L.-H. Tsai No textbook information available 9.014 Quantitative Methods and Computational Models in Neurosciences
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Prereq: None Units: 3-1-8
Provides theoretical background and practical skills needed to analyze and model neurobiological observations at the molecular, systems and cognitive levels. Develops an intuitive understanding of mathematical tools and computational techniques which students apply to analyze, visualize and model research data using MATLAB programming. Topics include linear systems and operations, dimensionality reduction (e.g., PCA), Bayesian approaches, descriptive and generative models, classification and clustering, and dynamical systems. Limited to 18; priority to current BCS Graduate students. M. Jazayeri, A. Rebei 9.015[J] Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Core I
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(Same subject as 7.65[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Survey and primary literature review of selected major topic areas in molecular and cellular neurobiology. Covers nervous system development, axonal pathfinding, synapse formation and function, synaptic plasticity, ion channels and receptors, cellular neurophysiology, glial cells, sensory transduction, and relevant examples in human disease. Includes lectures and weekly paper write-ups, together with student presentations and discussion of primary literature. A final two-page research write-up is also due at the end of the term. J. T. Littleton, M. Sheng, B. Weissbourd 9.016[J] Introduction to Sound, Speech, and Hearing
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as HST.714[J]) Prereq: (6.3000 and 8.03) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Introduces students to the acoustics, anatomy, physiology, and mechanics related to speech and hearing. Focuses on how humans generate and perceive speech. Topics related to speech, explored through applications and challenges involving acoustics, speech recognition, and speech disorders, include acoustic theory of speech production, basic digital speech processing, control mechanisms of speech production and basic elements of speech and voice perception. Topics related to hearing include acoustics and mechanics of the outer ear, middle ear, and cochlea, how pathologies affect their function, and methods for clinical diagnosis. Surgical treatments and medical devices such as hearing aids, bone conduction devices, and implants are also covered. S. Ghosh, H. Nakajima, S. Puria 9.017 Systems Neuroscience Core II
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 18.06 or (9.011 and 9.014) Units: 2-2-8
Covers systems and computational neuroscience topics relevant to understanding how animal brains solve a wide range of cognitive tasks. Focuses on experimental approaches in systems neuroscience (behavioral design, parametric stimulus control, recording techniques) and theory-driven analyses (dynamical systems, control theory, Bayesian theory), both at the level of behavioral and neural data. Also focuses on regional organization (cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, midbrain, and cerebellum), along with traditional divisions in systems neuroscience: sensory systems, motor systems, and associative systems. Staff 9.021[J] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing
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(Same subject as 2.794[J], 6.4812[J], 20.470[J], HST.541[J]) (Subject meets with 2.791[J], 6.4810[J], 9.21[J], 20.370[J]) Prereq: (Physics II (GIR), 18.03, and (2.005, 6.2000, 6.3000, 10.301, or 20.110)) or permission of instructor Units: 5-2-5 Subject Cancelled
Integrated overview of the biophysics of cells from prokaryotes to neurons, with a focus on mass transport and electrical signal generation across cell membrane. First third of course focuses on mass transport through membranes: diffusion, osmosis, chemically mediated, and active transport. Second third focuses on electrical properties of cells: ion transport to action potential generation and propagation in electrically excitable cells. Synaptic transmission. Electrical properties interpreted via kinetic and molecular properties of single voltage-gated ion channels. Final third focuses on biophysics of synaptic transmission and introduction to neural computing. Laboratory and computer exercises illustrate the concepts. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Staff 9.07 Statistics for Brain and Cognitive Science
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Prereq: 6.100B Units: 4-0-8
Provides students with the basic tools for analyzing experimental data, properly interpreting statistical reports in the literature, and reasoning under uncertain situations. Topics organized around three key theories: probability, statistical, and the linear model. Probability theory covers axioms of probability, discrete and continuous probability models, law of large numbers, and the Central Limit Theorem. Statistical theory covers estimation, likelihood theory, Bayesian methods, bootstrap and other Monte Carlo methods, as well as hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, elementary design of experiments principles and goodness-of-fit. The linear model theory covers the simple regression model and the analysis of variance. Places equal emphasis on theory, data analyses, and simulation studies. E. Brown 9.073[J] Statistics for Neuroscience Research
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(Same subject as HST.460[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
A survey of statistical methods for neuroscience research. Core topics include introductions to the theory of point processes, the generalized linear model, Monte Carlo methods, Bayesian methods, multivariate methods, time-series analysis, spectral analysis and state-space modeling. Emphasis on developing a firm conceptual understanding of the statistical paradigm and statistical methods primarily through analyses of actual experimental data. E. N. Brown 9.09[J] Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
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(Same subject as 7.29[J]) Prereq: 7.05 or 9.01 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (46-3310) Recitation: F12 (46-3310) +final
Introduction to the structure and function of the nervous system. Emphasizes the cellular properties of neurons and other excitable cells. Includes the structure and biophysical properties of excitable cells, synaptic transmission, neurochemistry, neurodevelopment, integration of information in simple systems, and detection and information coding during sensory transduction. T. Littleton, S. Prescott Textbooks (Spring 2025) 9.110[J] Nonlinear Control
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(Same subject as 2.152[J]) Prereq: 2.151, 6.7100, 16.31, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (5-234)
Introduction to nonlinear control and estimation in physical and biological systems. Nonlinear stability theory, Lyapunov analysis, Barbalat's lemma. Feedback linearization, differential flatness, internal dynamics. Sliding surfaces. Adaptive nonlinear control and estimation. Multiresolution bases, nonlinear system identification. Contraction analysis, differential stability theory. Nonlinear observers. Asynchronous distributed computation and learning. Concurrent synchronization, polyrhythms. Monotone nonlinear systems. Emphasizes application to physical systems (robots, aircraft, spacecraft, underwater vehicles, reaction-diffusion processes, machine vision, oscillators, internet), machine learning, computational neuroscience, and systems biology. Includes term projects. J. Slotine Textbooks (Spring 2025) 9.12 Experimental Molecular Neurobiology
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Prereq: Biology (GIR) and 9.01 Units: 2-4-6 Lecture: T3-5 (46-1015) Lab: F1-5 (46-1024)
Experimental techniques in cellular and molecular neurobiology. Designed for students without previous experience in techniques of cellular and molecular biology. Experimental approaches include DNA manipulation, molecular cloning, protein biochemistry, dissection and culture of brain cells, synaptic protein analysis, immunocytochemistry, and fluorescent microscopy. One lab session plus one paper review session per week. Instruction and practice in written communication provided. Enrollment limited. G. Choi No textbook information available 9.123[J] Neurotechnology in Action
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(Same subject as 20.203[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-6-3 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (46-4062)
Offers a fast-paced introduction to numerous laboratory methods at the forefront of modern neurobiology. Comprises a sequence of modules focusing on neurotechnologies that are developed and used by MIT research groups. Each module consists of a background lecture and 1-2 days of firsthand laboratory experience. Topics typically include optical imaging, optogenetics, high throughput neurobiology, MRI/fMRI, advanced electrophysiology, viral and genetic tools, and connectomics. E. Boyden, M. Jonas No textbook information available 9.13 The Human Brain
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Prereq: 9.00, 9.01, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW11-12.30 (46-3002) +final
Surveys the core perceptual and cognitive abilities of the human mind and asks how these are implemented in the brain. Key themes include the functional organization of the cortex, as well as the representations and computations, developmental origins, and degree of functional specificity of particular cortical regions. Emphasizes the methods available in human cognitive neuroscience, and what inferences can and cannot be drawn from each. N. Kanwisher No textbook information available 9.17 Systems Neuroscience Laboratory
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Prereq: 9.01 or permission of instructor Units: 2-4-6
Consists of a series of laboratories designed to give students experience with basic techniques for conducting systems neuroscience research. Includes sessions on anatomical, neurophysiological, and data acquisition and analysis techniques, and how these techniques are used to study nervous system function. Involves the use of experimental animals. Assignments include weekly preparation for lab sessions, two major lab reports and a series of basic computer programming tutorials (MATLAB). Instruction and practice in written communication provided. Enrollment limited. Frawley 9.175[J] Robotics
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(Same subject as 2.165[J]) Prereq: 2.151 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to robotics and learning in machines. Kinematics and dynamics of rigid body systems. Adaptive control, system identification, sparse representations. Force control, adaptive visual servoing. Task planning, teleoperation, imitation learning. Navigation. Underactuated systems, approximate optimization and control. Dynamics of learning and optimization in networks. Elements of biological planning and control. Motor primitives, entrainment, active sensing, binding models. Term projects. J-J Slotine 9.18[J] Developmental Neurobiology
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(Same subject as 7.49[J]) (Subject meets with 7.69[J], 9.181[J]) Prereq: 7.03, 7.05, 9.01, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (46-3037) Recitation: T4 (46-3037)
Considers molecular control of neural specification, formation of neuronal connections, construction of neural systems, and the contributions of experience to shaping brain structure and function. Topics include: neural induction and pattern formation, cell lineage and fate determination, neuronal migration, axon guidance, synapse formation and stabilization, activity-dependent development and critical periods, development of behavior. Students taking graduate version complete additional readings that will be addressed in their mid-term and final exams. E. Nedivi, S. Prescott Textbooks (Spring 2025) 9.181[J] Developmental Neurobiology
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(Same subject as 7.69[J]) (Subject meets with 7.49[J], 9.18[J]) Prereq: 9.011 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (46-3037) Recitation: T4 (46-3037)
Considers molecular control of neural specification, formation of neuronal connections, construction of neural systems, and the contributions of experience to shaping brain structure and function. Topics include: neural induction and pattern formation, cell lineage and fate determination, neuronal migration, axon guidance, synapse formation and stabilization, activity-dependent development and critical periods, development of behavior. In addition to final exam, analysis and presentation of research papers required for final grade. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students taking graduate version complete additional readings that will be addressed in their mid-term and final exams. E. Nedivi, S. Prescott Textbooks (Spring 2025) 9.19 Computational Psycholinguistics
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(Subject meets with 9.190) Prereq: (6.100B and (6.3700, 9.40, or 24.900)) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Introduces computational approaches to natural language processing and acquisition by humans and machines, combining symbolic and probabilistic modeling techniques. Covers models such as n-grams, finite state automata, and context-free and mildly context-sensitive grammars, for analyzing phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and larger document structure. Applications range from accurate document classification and sentence parsing by machine to modeling human language acquisition and real-time understanding. Covers both theory and contemporary computational tools and datasets. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 9.190 Computational Psycholinguistics
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(Subject meets with 9.19) Prereq: (6.100B and (6.3702, 9.40, or 24.900)) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Introduces computational approaches to natural language processing and acquisition by humans and machines, combining symbolic and probabilistic modeling techniques. Covers models such as n-grams, finite state automata, and context-free and mildly context-sensitive grammars, for analyzing phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and larger document structure. Applications range from accurate document classification and sentence parsing by machine to modeling human language acquisition and real-time understanding. Covers both theory and contemporary computational tools and datasets. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. P. Levy 9.21[J] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing
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(Same subject as 2.791[J], 6.4810[J], 20.370[J]) (Subject meets with 2.794[J], 6.4812[J], 9.021[J], 20.470[J], HST.541[J]) Prereq: (Physics II (GIR), 18.03, and (2.005, 6.2000, 6.3000, 10.301, or 20.110)) or permission of instructor Units: 5-2-5 Subject Cancelled
Integrated overview of the biophysics of cells from prokaryotes to neurons, with a focus on mass transport and electrical signal generation across cell membrane. First third of course focuses on mass transport through membranes: diffusion, osmosis, chemically mediated, and active transport. Second third focuses on electrical properties of cells: ion transport to action potential generation and propagation in electrically excitable cells. Synaptic transmission. Electrical properties interpreted via kinetic and molecular properties of single voltage-gated ion channels. Final third focuses on biophysics of synaptic transmission and introduction to neural computing. Laboratory and computer exercises illustrate the concepts. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Preference to juniors and seniors. Staff 9.24 Disorders and Diseases of the Nervous System
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Prereq: (7.29 and 9.01) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: F1-4 (46-3310) +final
Topics examined include regional functional anatomy of the CNS; brain systems and circuits; neurodevelopmental disorders including autism; neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia; neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's; autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis; gliomas. Emphasis on diseases for which a molecular mechanism is understood. Diagnostic criteria, clinical and pathological findings, genetics, model systems, pathophysiology, and treatment are discussed for individual disorders and diseases. Limited to 18. M. Sur No textbook information available 9.26[J] Principles and Applications of Genetic Engineering for Biotechnology and Neuroscience
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(Same subject as 20.205[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: F10-1 (BROAD INSTITUT)
Covers principles underlying current and future genetic engineering approaches, ranging from single cellular organisms to whole animals. Focuses on development and invention of technologies for engineering biological systems at the genomic level, and applications of engineered biological systems for medical and biotechnological needs, with particular emphasis on genetic manipulation of the nervous system. Design projects by students. F. Zhang No textbook information available 9.271[J] Pioneering Technologies for Interrogating Complex Biological Systems
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(Same subject as 10.562[J], HST.562[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (46-6199)
Introduces pioneering technologies in biology and medicine and discusses their underlying biological/molecular/engineering principles. Topics include emerging sample processing technologies, advanced optical imaging modalities, and next-gen molecular phenotyping techniques. Provides practical experience with optical microscopy and 3D phenotyping techniques. Limited to 15. K. Chung No textbook information available 9.272[J] Topics in Neural Signal Processing
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as HST.576[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Subject Cancelled
Presents signal processing and statistical methods used to study neural systems and analyze neurophysiological data. Topics include state-space modeling formulated using the Bayesian Chapman-Kolmogorov system, theory of point processes, EM algorithm, Bayesian and sequential Monte Carlo methods. Applications include dynamic analyses of neural encoding, neural spike train decoding, studies of neural receptive field plasticity, algorithms for neural prosthetic control, EEG and MEG source localization. Students should know introductory probability theory and statistics. E. N. Brown No textbook information available 9.285[J] Audition: Neural Mechanisms, Perception and Cognition
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(Same subject as HST.723[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 6-0-6 Begins 1/27. Follows fas schedule. Mee 403a to begin term. 46-5193 to complete term. Lecture: MWF9.30-11.30 (46-5193)
Neural structures and mechanisms mediating the detection, localization and recognition of sounds. General principles are conveyed by theme discussions of auditory masking, sound localization, musical pitch, cochlear implants, cortical plasticity and auditory scene analysis. Follows Harvard FAS calendar. A. Takesian, J. McDermott, D. Polley, D. Mehta No textbook information available 9.301[J] Neural Plasticity in Learning and Memory
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 7.98[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Examination of the role of neural plasticity during learning and memory of invertebrates and mammals. Detailed critical analysis of the current literature of molecular, cellular, genetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral studies. Student-directed presentations and discussions of original papers supplemented by introductory lectures. Juniors and seniors require instructor's permission. Staff 9.32 Genes, Circuits, and Behavior
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 7.29, 9.16, 9.18, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of circuitry development, function and plasticity, and their relevance to normal and abnormal behaviors/psychiatric disorders. Highlights cutting-edge technologies for neuroscience research. Students build professional skills through presentations and critical evaluation of original research papers. G. Feng 9.34[J] Biomechanics and Neural Control of Movement
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(Same subject as 2.183[J]) (Subject meets with 2.184) Prereq: 2.004 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (1-242)
Presents a quantitative description of how biomechanical and neural factors interact in human sensory-motor behavior. Students survey recent literature on how motor behavior is controlled, comparing biological and robotic approaches to similar tasks. Topics may include a review of relevant neural, muscular and skeletal physiology, neural feedback and "equilibrium-point" theories, co-contraction strategies, impedance control, kinematic redundancy, optimization, intermittency, contact tasks and tool use. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. N. Hogan No textbook information available 9.35 Perception
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Prereq: 9.01 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (46-3189) Recitation: F11 (46-5313) +final
Studies how the senses work and how physical stimuli are transformed into signals in the nervous system. Examines how the brain uses those signals to make inferences about the world, and uses illusions and demonstrations to gain insight into those inferences. Emphasizes audition and vision, with some discussion of touch, taste, and smell. Provides experience with psychophysical methods. J. McDermott No required or recommended textbooks 9.357 Current Topics in Perception
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-7 Lecture: M3-5 (32-262)
Advanced seminar on issues of current interest in human and machine vision. Topics vary from year to year. Participants discuss current literature as well as their ongoing research. E. H. Adelson No textbook information available 9.36 Neurobiology of Self
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(Subject meets with 9.360) Prereq: 9.01 Units: 3-0-9
Discusses the neurobiological mechanisms that distinguish "the Self" from external environment; the neural circuits that enable us to know that "the Self" is in pain, or feels hungry, thirsty, and tired; and the neurons and circuits that lead to the emotional and moody Self. Examines brain mechanism that encodes the body schema and the Self in space. This includes the neural computations that allow, for example, the hand to know where the mouth is. Discusses the possibility of making robots develop a sense of Self, as well as disorders and delusions of the Self. Contemporary research — ranging from molecules, cells, circuits, to systems in both animal models and humans — explored. Students in the graduate version do additional classwork or projects. F. Wang 9.360 Neurobiology of Self
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(Subject meets with 9.36) Prereq: 9.01 Units: 3-0-9
Discusses the neurobiological mechanisms that distinguish "the Self" from external environment; the neural circuits that enable us to know that "the Self" is in pain, or feels hungry, thirsty, and tired; and the neurons and circuits that lead to the emotional and moody Self. Examines brain mechanism that encodes the body schema and the Self in space. This includes the neural computations that allow, for example, the hand to know where the mouth is. Discusses the possibility of making robots develop a sense of Self, as well as disorders and delusions of the Self. Contemporary research — ranging from molecules, cells, circuits, to systems in both animal models and humans — explored. Students in the graduate version do additional classwork or projects. F. Wang 9.39 Language in the Mind and Brain
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 9.390) Prereq: 9.00, 9.01, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Subject Cancelled
Surveys the core mental abilities — and their neural substrates — that support language, and situates them within the broader landscape of human cognition. Topics explored include: how structured representations are extracted from language; the nature of abstract concepts and how they relate to words; the nature of the brain mechanisms that support language vs. other structured and/or meaningful inputs, like music, mathematical expressions, or pictures; the relationship between language and social cognition; how language is processed in individuals who speak multiple languages; how animal communication systems and artificial neural network language models differ from human language. Draws on evidence from diverse approaches and populations, focusing on cutting-edge research. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 9.390 Language in the Mind and Brain
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 9.39) Prereq: 9.00, 9.01, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Subject Cancelled
Surveys the core mental abilities — and their neural substrates — that support language, and situates them within the broader landscape of human cognition. Topics explored include: how structured representations are extracted from language; the nature of abstract concepts and how they relate to words; the nature of the brain mechanisms that support language vs. other structured and/or meaningful inputs, like music, mathematical expressions, or pictures; the relationship between language and social cognition; how language is processed in individuals who speak multiple languages; how animal communication systems and artificial neural network language models differ from human language. Draws on evidence from diverse approaches and populations, focusing on cutting-edge research. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. Fedorenko 9.40 Introduction to Neural Computation
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Prereq: (Physics II (GIR), 6.100B, and 9.01) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR10-12 (46-3189) +final
Introduces quantitative approaches to understanding brain and cognitive functions. Topics include mathematical description of neurons, the response of neurons to sensory stimuli, simple neuronal networks, statistical inference and decision making. Also covers foundational quantitative tools of data analysis in neuroscience: correlation, convolution, spectral analysis, principal components analysis. Mathematical concepts include simple differential equations and linear algebra. J. DiCarlo No required or recommended textbooks 9.401 Tools for Robust Science
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T9-12 (46-3037)
New tools are being developed to improve credibility, facilitate collaboration, accelerate scientific discovery, and expedite translation of results. Students (i) identify obstacles to conducting robust cognitive and neuroscientific research, (ii) practice using current cutting-edge tools designed to overcome these obstacles by improving scientific practices and incentives, and (iii) critically evaluate these tools' potential and limitations. Example tools investigated include shared pre-registration, experimental design, data management plans, meta-data standards, repositories, FAIR code, open-source data processing pipelines, alternatives to scientific paper formats, alternative publishing agreements, citation audits, reformulated incentives for hiring and promotion, and more. R. Saxe No textbook information available 9.41 Research and Communication in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science
()
Prereq: 9.URG and permission of instructor Units: 2-12-4
Emphasizes research and scientific communication. Instruction and practice in written and oral communication provided. Based on results of his/her UROP research, each student creates a full-length paper and a poster as part of an oral presentation at the end of the term. Other assignments include peer editing and reading/critiquing published research papers. Prior to starting class, students must have collected enough data from their UROP research projects to write a paper. Limited to juniors and seniors. M. Wilson 9.42 The Brain and Its Interface with the Body
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 7.28, 7.29, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers a range of topics, such as brain-immune system interaction, the gut-brain axis, and bioengineering approaches for studying the brain and its interactions with different organs. Explores how these interactions may be involved in nervous system disease processes. F. Zhang 9.422[J] Principles of Neuroengineering
()
(Same subject as 20.452[J], MAS.881[J]) (Subject meets with 20.352) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers how to innovate technologies for brain analysis and engineering, for accelerating the basic understanding of the brain, and leading to new therapeutic insight and inventions. Focuses on using physical, chemical and biological principles to understand technology design criteria governing ability to observe and alter brain structure and function. Topics include optogenetics, noninvasive brain imaging and stimulation, nanotechnologies, stem cells and tissue engineering, and advanced molecular and structural imaging technologies. Includes design projects. Designed for students with engineering maturity who are ready for design. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. S. Boyden, III 9.455[J] Revolutionary Ventures: How to Invent and Deploy Transformative Technologies
()
(Same subject as 15.128[J], 20.454[J], MAS.883[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-7
Seminar on envisioning and building ideas and organizations to accelerate engineering revolutions. Focuses on emerging technology domains, such as neurotechnology, imaging, cryotechnology, gerontechnology, and bio-and-nano fabrication. Draws on historical examples as well as live case studies of existing or emerging organizations, including labs, institutes, startups, and companies. Goals range from accelerating basic science to developing transformative products or therapeutics. Each class is devoted to a specific area, often with invited speakers, exploring issues from the deeply technical through the strategic. Individually or in small groups, students prototype new ventures aimed at inventing and deploying revolutionary technologies. E. Boyden, J. Bonsen, J. Jacobson 9.48[J] Philosophical Issues in Brain Science
()  
(Same subject as 24.08[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
An introduction to some central philosophical questions about the mind, specifically those intimately connected with contemporary psychology and neuroscience. Discussions focus on arguments over innate concepts; 'mental images' as pictures in the head; whether color is in the mind or in the world; and whether there can be a science of consciousness. Explains the relevant parts of psychology and neuroscience as the subject proceeds. Staff 9.49 Neural Circuits for Cognition
()
(Subject meets with 9.490) Prereq: 9.40, 18.06, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Takes a computational approach to examine circuits in the brain that perform elemental cognitive tasks: tasks that are neither directly sensory nor directly motor in function, but are essential to bridging from perception to action. Covers circuits and circuit motifs in the brain that underlie computations like integration, decision-making, spatial navigation, inference, and other cognitive elements. Students study empirical results, build dynamical models of neural circuits, and examine the mathematical theory of representations and computation in such circuits. Considers noise, stability, plasticity, and learning rules for these systems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. I. Fiete 9.490 Neural Circuits for Cognition
()
(Subject meets with 9.49) Prereq: 9.40, 18.06, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Takes a computational approach to examine circuits in the brain that perform elemental cognitive tasks: tasks that are neither directly sensory nor directly motor in function, but are essential to bridging from perception to action. Covers circuits and circuit motifs in the brain that underlie computations like integration, decision-making, spatial navigation, inference, and other cognitive elements. Students study empirical results, build dynamical models of neural circuits, and examine the mathematical theory of representations and computation in such circuits. Considers noise, stability, plasticity, and learning rules for these systems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. I. Fiete |
| | | 9.00-9.499 | | | 9.50-9.999 plus Thesis, UROP | | | |
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Course 10: Chemical Engineering |
| | | 10.00-10.899 | | | 10.90-10.999 plus THG, THU, UROP, UPOP | | | |
10.00 Molecule Builders
()
Prereq: Chemistry (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Units: 1-3-2 Lecture: T1 (E18-676) Lab: R2-5 (E18-676)
Project-based introduction to the applications of engineering design at the molecular level. Working in teams, students complete an open-ended design project that focuses on a topic such as reactor or biomolecular engineering, chemical process design, materials and polymers, or energy. Provides students practical exposure to the field of chemical engineering as well as potential opportunities to continue their project designs in national/international competitions. Limited to 36; preference to first year students. J. Abraham Textbooks (Spring 2025) 10.000 Engineering Molecular Marvels: Careers and ChemE at MIT
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-0 [P/D/F]
Exposes students to the ways in which chemical technologies have profoundly altered the course of history. Discusses the next century's great challenges, such as curing cancer and supplying the planet's surging demand for clean water, food and energy, sustainably. Provides an overview of how ChemE students apply fundamental engineering principles and leverage technology, from molecules to systems, in the pursuit of practical solutions for these problems and more. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Staff 10.01 Ethics for Engineers
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Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.082, 2.900, 6.9320, 10.01, 16.676) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 7.105, 20.005 URL: https://e4e.mit.edu/ Lecture: M3-5 (66-148) or T3-5 (66-148) or W3-5 (66-148) or W EVE (7-9 PM) (66-148)
Explores how to be an ethical engineer. Students examine engineering case studies alongside key readings by foundational ethical thinkers from Aristotle to Martin Luther King, Jr., and investigate which ethical approaches are best and how to apply them. Topics include justice, rights, cost-benefit analysis, safety, bias, genetic engineering, climate change, and the promise and peril of AI. Discussion-based, with the aim of introducing students to new ways of thinking. All sections cover the same core ethical frameworks, but some sections have a particular focus for case studies, such as bioengineering, or have an in-depth emphasis on particular thinkers. The subject is taught in separate sections. Students are eligible to take any section regardless of their registered subject number. For 20.005, students additionally undertake an ethical-technical analysis of a BE-related topic of their choosing. Fall: B. L. Trout, P. Hansen, D. Lauffenburger, K. Hansen Spring: P. Hansen, L. Guarente, D. Lauffenburger, K. Hansen No textbook information available 10.02 Foundations of Entrepreneurship for Engineers
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Studies economic and leadership foundations of entrepreneurship as they relate to engineering. Case studies illustrate major impacts of engineering on the world and examine the leaders responsible for such impacts. Authors include Franklin, Keynes, Leonardo, Lincoln, Locke, Machiavelli, Marx, Schmidt, Schumpeter, Smith, Thiel, and Tocqueville. Discusses topics such as the difference between an entrepreneur and a manager, the entrepreneur as founder, and characteristics of principled entrepreneurship. Staff 10.03[J] Advances in Biomanufacturing
(); second half of term
(Same subject as 7.458[J]) (Subject meets with 7.548[J], 10.53[J]) Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F] Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR11-12.30 (66-148)
Seminar examines how biopharmaceuticals, an increasingly important class of pharmaceuticals, are manufactured. Topics range from fundamental bioprocesses to new technologies to the economics of biomanufacturing. Also covers the impact of globalization on regulation and quality approaches as well as supply chain integrity. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. J. C. Love, A. Sinskey, S. Springs No textbook information available 10.04 A Philosophical History of Energy
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Philosophic and historical approach to conceptions of energy through the 19th century. Relation of long standing scientific and philosophic problems in the field of energy to 21st-century debates. Topics include the development of thermodynamics and kinetic theories, the foundation of the scientific project, the classical view of energy, and the harnessing of nature. Authors include Bacon, Boltzmann, Carnot, Compte, Descartes, Gibbs, Plato, Aristotle, Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, Mill, Peirce, Whitehead, and Maxwell. Key texts and controversies form topics of weekly writing assignments and term papers. Staff 10.05 Foundational Analyses of Problems in Energy and the Environment
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Investigates key texts and papers on the foundational thought of current issues in energy and environmental science. Builds an understanding of key debates (scientific, ethical, and political). Aims to inform solutions to key problems related to procurement of energy and environmental degradation. Topics address alternative energy technologies and fossil fuel utilization and emissions, especially carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide sequestration, and geoengineering. Foundational readings from Homer and Greek playwrights, Aristotle, Genesis, Bacon, Locke, Rousseau, Coleridge, Carnot, Clausius, Marx, Heidegger, Carson, Gore, Singer, and Brundtland. Assignments include weekly analyses of readings, videos and related engineering calculations in addition to a final project. Limited to 18. Staff 10.06 Advanced Topics in Ethics for Engineers
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 10.01, 10.05, or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
In-depth study of varying advanced topics in ethics for engineers. Focuses on foundational works and their significance for the choices that engineers make, both as students and as practicing engineers. Each semester, different works and topics, based on current and perennial issues in ethics and engineering, will be chosen in order to explore facets of the extremely complex and varied subject of the place of engineering for the individual and society. Examples of topics include genetic engineering and what it means to be human, artificial intelligence and thought, the scope and limits of engineering, and engineering and freedom. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. Limited to 20. Staff 10.07[J] Debating About Society and Engineering
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21W.733[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Presents basic principles of argumentation and persuasive communication, and introduces students to thought-provoking, persuasive texts about science and engineering. Analysis of texts and practices together with case studies form the basis for students' weekly assignments. Students debate such topics as the future of biotechnology, genetic engineering, AI, climate change, social bias, and the connection between engineering and society. Includes oral presentations. Limited to 18. B. L. Trout, K. Hansen, E. Schiappa 10.08 Cultural Studies for Chemical Engineering Graduate Students
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4
Seminar explores some of the key cultural developments of human beings and their related engineering aspects together with insights into the evolution of chemical engineering. Begins with discussion of Warren K. Lewis on culture and civilization, in addition to other chemical engineering luminaries, Rutherford Aris and John Prausnitz, and Sam Florman. Following their leads, seminar addresses key developments in Greek culture, followed by Renaissance culture, and culminating with contemporary culture. Discusses the influence of chemical engineering throughout the term, but focuses on broader cultural understanding as advocated by Lewis and Aris. Weekly meetings and study question responses are complemented with direct experience of culture and its connection to engineering. Includes guests with various expertise in culture and chemical engineering. B. L. Trout 10.09[J] Models of Molecular Systems: from Newtonian Mechanics to Machine Learning
()
(Same subject as 5.008[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-7 Lecture: R3-5 (66-148)
Seminar-style subject concentrating on modeling creatively while understanding the intrinsic limitations of modeling and alternative ways of envisioning the world. Addresses the purpose of models from different perspectives, with a focus on open-ended problems and creative solutions. Investigates ancient and contemporary approaches, starting with the limitations of Newtonian mechanics to treat molecular systems and solutions provided by statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, including their use in computations and simulations, and Aristotle's approach. Also covers machine learning and its limitations. Foundational readings inform the analyses with applications including molecular science, color, motion, biology, and nature broadly. Work consists of weekly assignments, class participation, and a final project. B. L. Trout No textbook information available 10.10 Introduction to Chemical Engineering
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Prereq: Chemistry (GIR) and Physics I (GIR); Coreq: 18.03 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MWF2 (66-154) Recitation: T11 (56-154) +final
Explores the diverse applications of chemical engineering through example problems designed to build computer skills and familiarity with the elements of engineering design. Solutions require application of fundamental concepts of mass and energy conservation to batch and continuous systems involving chemical and biological processes. Problem-solving exercises distributed among lectures and recitation. Fall: H. J. Kulik, T. A. Kinney, J. Gu Spring: T. Kinney Textbooks (Spring 2025) 10.213 Chemical and Biological Engineering Thermodynamics
()
Prereq: 5.601 and 10.10 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (66-110) Recitation: W10 (66-160) or W11 (66-160) +final
Thermodynamics of multicomponent, multiphase chemical and biological systems. Applications of first, second, and third laws of thermodynamics to open and closed systems. Properties of mixtures, including colligative properties, chemical reaction equilibrium, and phase equilibrium; non-ideal solutions; power cycles; refrigeration; separation systems. W. Tisdale, J. Gu Textbooks (Spring 2025) 10.22 Molecular Engineering
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 5.60 and 10.213 Units: 3-0-9
Introduces molecular concepts in relation to engineering thermodynamics. Includes topics in statistical mechanics, molecular description of gases and liquids, property estimation, description of equilibrium and dynamic properties of fluids from molecular principles, and kinetics of activated processes. Also covers some basic aspects of molecular simulation and applications in systems of engineering interest. Staff 10.25 Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Process Pathways
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Chemistry (GIR), 10.213, and 10.37 Units: 3-0-6
Chemical and engineering principles involved in creation and operation of viable industrial processes. Topics: analysis of process chemistry by p-pathways (i.e., radical, ionic, and pericyclic reactions of organic syntheses) and d-pathways (i.e., catalysis by transition-metal complexes). Use of reaction mechanisms for inference of co-product formation, kinetics, and equilibria: process synthesis logic related to reaction selectivity, recycle, separations. Illustrations drawn from current and contemplated commercial practice. Staff 10.258[J] Principles of Innovation
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| | | 10.00-10.899 | | | 10.90-10.999 plus THG, THU, UROP, UPOP | | | |
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Course 11: Urban Studies and Planning |
| | | Undergraduate: 11.00-11.199 plus UROP, THU, THT | | | Graduate: 11.20-11.299 | | | Graduate: 11.30-11.999 plus THG | | | |
Introductory Subjects11.001[J] Introduction to Urban Design and Development
(, )
(Same subject as 4.250[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW11-12.30 (4-370)
Examines the evolving structure of cities and the way that cities, suburbs, and metropolitan areas can be designed and developed. Surveys the ideas of a wide range of people who have addressed urban problems. Stresses the connection between values and design. Demonstrates how physical, social, political and economic forces interact to shape and reshape cities over time. Introduces links between urban design and urban science. Fall: L. Vale (fall); A. Sevtsuk (spring) Spring: L. Vale (fall); A. Sevtsuk (spring) No textbook information available 11.002[J] Making Public Policy
()
(Same subject as 17.30[J]) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8
Examines how the struggle among competing advocates shapes the outputs of government. Considers how conditions become problems for government to solve, why some political arguments are more persuasive than others, why some policy tools are preferred over others, and whether policies achieve their goals. Investigates the interactions among elected officials, think tanks, interest groups, the media, and the public in controversies over global warming, urban sprawl, Social Security, health care, education, and other issues. A. Campbell 11.003[J] Methods of Policy Analysis
()
(Same subject as 17.303[J]) Prereq: 11.002; Coreq: 14.01 Units: 3-0-9
Provides students with an introduction to public policy analysis. Examines various approaches to policy analysis by considering the concepts, tools, and methods used in economics, political science, and other disciplines. Students apply and critique these approaches through case studies of current public policy problems. C. Abbanat 11.004[J] People and the Planet: Environmental Histories and Engineering
()  Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as STS.033[J]) (Subject meets with 11.204[J], IDS.524[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6
Explores historical and cultural aspects of complex environmental problems and engineering approaches to sustainable solutions. Introduces quantitative analyses and methodological tools to understand environmental issues that have human and natural components. Demonstrates concepts through a series of historical and cultural analyses of environmental challenges and their engineering responses. Builds writing, quantitative modeling, and analytical skills in assessing environmental systems problems and developing engineering solutions. Through environmental data gathering and analysis, students engage with the challenges and possibilities of engineering in complex, interacting systems, and investigate plausible, symbiotic, systems-oriented solutions. Students taking graduate version complete additional analysis of reading assignments and a more in-depth and longer final paper. Staff 11.005 Introduction to International Development
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Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (5-234)
Introduces the political economy of international economic development planning, using an applied, quantitative approach. Considers why some countries are able to develop faster than others. Presents major theories and models of development and underdevelopment, providing tools to understand the mechanisms and processes behind economic growth and broader notions of progress. Offers an alternative view of development, focusing on the persistence of dichotomies in current theory and practice. Using specific cases, explores how different combinations of actors and institutions at various scales may promote or inhibit economic development. Students re-examine conventional knowledge and engage critically with the assumptions behind current thinking and policy. M. Penumaka No textbook information available 11.006 Poverty and Economic Security
()
(Subject meets with 11.206) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores the evolution of poverty and economic security in the US within a global context. Examines the impacts of recent economic restructuring and globalization. Reviews current debates about the fate of the middle class, sources of increasing inequality, and approaches to advancing economic opportunity and security. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. A. Glasmeier 11.007 Urban and Environmental Technology Implementation Lab
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-2-8
Real-world clients and environmental problems form the basis of a project in which teams of students develop strategies for analysis and implementation of new sensor technology within cities. Working closely with a partner or client based on the MIT campus or in Cambridge, students assess the environmental problem, implement prototypes, and recommend promising solutions to the client for implementation. Equipment and working space provided. Limited to 12. D. Hsu 11.008 Undergraduate Planning Seminar
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 [P/D/F]
A weekly seminar that includes discussions on topics in cities and urban planning, including guest lectures from DUSP faculty and practicing planners. Topics include urban science, zoning, architecture and urban design, urban sociology, politics and public policy, transportation and mobility, democratic governance, civil rights and social justice, urban economics, affordable housing, environmental policy and planning, real estate and economic development, agriculture and food policy, public health, and international development. Weekly student presentations on local planning issues and current events; occasional walking tours or arranged field trips. May be repeated for credit. Enrollment may be limited; preference to Course 11 and 11-6 sophomores and juniors. E. Glenn 11.011 The Art and Science of Negotiation
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Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to negotiation theory and practice. Applications in government, business, and nonprofit settings are examined. Combines a "hands-on" personal skill-building orientation with a look at pertinent tactical and strategic foundations. Preparation insights, persuasion tools, ethical benchmarks, and institutional influences are examined as they shape our ability to analyze problems, negotiate agreements, and resolve disputes in social, organizational, and political circumstances characterized by interdependent interests. Enrollment limited by lottery; consult class website for information and deadlines. B. Verdini 11.013[J] American Urban History
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(Same subject as 21H.217[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T2-4 (8-205)
Seminar on the history of institutions and institutional change in American cities from roughly 1850 to the present. Among the institutions to be looked at are political machines, police departments, courts, schools, prisons, public authorities, and universities. Focuses on readings and discussions. E. Glenn Textbooks (Spring 2025) 11.014[J] History of the Built Environment in the US
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21H.218[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-7
Seminar on the history of selected features of the physical environment of urban America. Among the features considered are parks, cemeteries, tenements, suburbs, zoos, skyscrapers, department stores, supermarkets, and amusement parks. Staff 11.015[J] Riots, Strikes, and Conspiracies in American History
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21H.226[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on a series of short, complicated, traumatic events that shed light on American politics, culture, and society. Events studied may include the rendition of Anthony Burns in 1854, the most famous fugitive slave controversy in US history; the Homestead strike/lockout of 1892; the quiz show scandal of the 1950s; and the student uprisings at Columbia University in 1968. Emphasis on finding ways to make sense of these events and on using them to understand larger processes of change in American history. Staff 11.016[J] The Once and Future City
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 4.211[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the evolving structure of cities, the dynamic processes that shape them, and the significance of a city's history for its future development. Develops the ability to read urban form as an interplay of natural processes and human purposes over time. Field assignments in Boston provide the opportunity to use, develop, and refine these concepts. Enrollment limited. A. Spirn 11.021[J] Environmental Law, Policy, and Economics: Pollution Prevention and Control
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(Same subject as 1.801[J], 17.393[J], IDS.060[J]) (Subject meets with 1.811[J], 11.630[J], 15.663[J], IDS.540[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR3.30-5 (E51-057) +final
Analyzes federal and state regulation of air and water pollution, hazardous waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and production/use of toxic chemicals. Analyzes pollution/climate change as economic problems and failure of markets. Explores the role of science and economics in legal decisions. Emphasizes use of legal mechanisms and alternative approaches (i.e., economic incentives, voluntary approaches) to control pollution and encourage chemical accident and pollution prevention. Focuses on major federal legislation, underlying administrative system, and common law in analyzing environmental policy, economic consequences, and role of the courts. Discusses classical pollutants and toxic industrial chemicals, greenhouse gas emissions, community right-to-know, and environmental justice. Develops basic legal skills: how to read/understand cases, regulations, and statutes. Students taking graduate version explore the subject in greater depth. N. Ashford, C. Caldart Textbooks (Spring 2025) 11.022[J] Regulation of Chemicals, Radiation, and Biotechnology
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 1.802[J], IDS.061[J]) (Subject meets with 1.812[J], 10.805[J], 11.631[J], IDS.436[J], IDS.541[J]) Prereq: IDS.060 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on policy design and evaluation in the regulation of hazardous substances and processes. Includes risk assessment, industrial chemicals, pesticides, food contaminants, pharmaceuticals, radiation and radioactive wastes, product safety, workplace hazards, indoor air pollution, biotechnology, victims' compensation, and administrative law. Health and economic consequences of regulation, as well as its potential to spur technological change, are discussed for each regulatory regime. Students taking the graduate version are expected to explore the subject in greater depth. Staff 11.024 Modeling Pedestrian Activity in Cities
()
(Subject meets with 11.324) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR2-3.30 (10-401) +final
Investigates the interaction between pedestrian activity, urban form, and land-use patterns in relatively dense urban environments. Informed by recent literature on pedestrian mobility, behavior, and biases, subject takes a practical approach, using software tools and analysis methods to operationalize and model pedestrian activity. Uses simplified yet powerful and scalable network analysis methods that focus uniquely on pedestrians, rather than engaging in comprehensive travel demand modeling across all modes. Emphasizes not only modeling or predicting pedestrian activity in given built settings, but also analyzing and understanding how changes in the built environment — land use changes, density changes, and connectivity changes — can affect pedestrian activity. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. A. Sevtsuk No textbook information available 11.025[J] D-Lab: Development
()
(Same subject as EC.701[J]) (Subject meets with 11.472[J], EC.781[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-2-7
Issues in international development, appropriate technology and project implementation addressed through lectures, case studies, guest speakers and laboratory exercises. Students form project teams to partner with community organizations in developing countries, and formulate plans for an optional IAP site visit. (Previous field sites include Ghana, Brazil, Honduras and India.) Recitation sections focus on specific project implementation, and include cultural, social, political, environmental and economic overviews of the target countries as well as an introduction to the local languages. Enrollment limited by lottery; must attend first class session. S. L. Hsu, B. Sanyal 11.026[J] Downtown
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21H.321[J]) (Subject meets with 11.339) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-7
Seminar on downtown in US cities from the late 19th century to the late 20th. Emphasis on downtown as an idea, place, and cluster of interests, on the changing character of downtown, and on recent efforts to rebuild it. Considers subways, skyscrapers, highways, urban renewal, and retail centers. Focus on readings, discussions, and individual research projects. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 11.027 City to City: Comparing, Researching, and Reflecting on Practice
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Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR3.30-5 (9-217)
Introduces students to practice through researching, writing, and working for and with nonprofits. Students work directly with nonprofits and community partners to help find solutions to real world problems; interview planners and other field experts, and write and present findings to nonprofit partners and community audiences. C. Abbanat No textbook information available 11.029[J] Mobility Ventures: Driving Innovation in Transportation Systems
()
(Same subject as 15.3791[J]) (Subject meets with 11.529[J], 15.379[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6
Explores technological, behavioral, policy, and systems-wide frameworks for innovation in transportation systems, complemented with case studies across the mobility spectrum, from autonomous vehicles to urban air mobility to last-mile sidewalk robots. Students interact with a series of guest lecturers from CEOs and other business and government executives who are actively reshaping the future of mobility. Interdisciplinary teams of students collaborate to deliver business plans for proposed mobility-focused startups with an emphasis on primary market research. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Preference to juniors and seniors. J. Zhao, J. Moavenzadeh, J. Larios Berlin 11.041 Introduction to Housing, Community, and Economic Development
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(Subject meets with 11.401) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides a critical introduction to the shape and determinants of political, social, and economic inequality in America, with a focus on racial and economic justice. Explores the role of the city in visions of justice. Analyzes the historical, political, and institutional contexts of housing and community development policy in the US, including federalism, municipal fragmentation, and decentralized public financing. Introduces major dimensions in US housing policy, such as housing finance, public housing policy, and state and local housing affordability mechanisms. Reviews major themes in community economic development, including drivers of economic inequality, small business policy, employment policy, and cooperative economics. Expectations and evaluation criteria differ for students taking graduate version. J. Phil Thompson, H. Harriel 11.045[J] Power: Interpersonal, Organizational, and Global Dimensions
()
(Same subject as 15.302[J], 17.045[J], 21A.127[J]) (Subject meets with 21A.129) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
The study of power among individuals and within organizations, markets, and states. Using examples from anthropology and sociology alongside classical and contemporary social theory, explores the nature of dominant and subordinate relationships, types of legitimate authority, and practices of resistance. Examines how people are influenced in subtle ways by those around them, who makes controlling decisions in the family, how people get ahead at work, and whether democracies, in fact, reflect the will of the people. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. S. Silbey 11.047[J] Race, Place, and Modernity in the Americas
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| | | Undergraduate: 11.00-11.199 plus UROP, THU, THT | | | Graduate: 11.20-11.299 | | | Graduate: 11.30-11.999 plus THG | | | |
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Course 12: Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences |
| | | 12.00-12.439 plus UROP, IND, TIP, THU | | | 12.44-12.599 plus THG | | | 12.600-12.999 | | | |
Undergraduate SubjectsCore and General Science Subjects12.00 Frontiers and Careers in Earth, Planets, Climate, and Life
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-0 [P/D/F]
Provides a broad overview of topics, technologies, and career paths at the forefront of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. Introduces the complex interplay between physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, and computational methods used to study processes associated with a changing Earth and climate, distant planets, and life. Sessions guided by faculty members discussing current research problems, and by EAPS alumni describing how their careers have evolved. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Staff 12.000 Solving Complex Problems
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Prereq: None Units: 1-2-6
Provides an opportunity for entering freshmen to gain firsthand experience in integrating the work of small teams to develop effective solutions to complex problems in Earth system science and engineering. Each year's class explores a different problem in detail through the study of complementary case histories and the development of creative solution strategies. Includes exercises in website development, written and oral communication, and team building. Subject required for students in the Terrascope freshman program, but participation in Terrascope is not required of all 12.000 students. Students who pass 12.000 are eligible to participate in the Terrascope field trip the following spring. Limited to freshmen. D. McGee, A. Epstein 12.001 Introduction to Geology
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Prereq: None Units: 3-4-5
Major minerals and rock types, rock-forming processes, and time scales. Temperatures, pressures, compositions, structure of the Earth, and measurement techniques. Geologic structures and relationships observable in the field. Sediment movement and landform development by moving water, wind, and ice. Crustal processes and planetary evolution in terms of global plate tectonics with an emphasis on ductile and brittle processes. Includes laboratory exercises on minerals, rocks, mapping, plate tectonics, rheology, glaciers. Two one-day field trips (optional). T. Bosak, O. Jagoutz 12.002 Introduction to Geophysics and Planetary Science
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics II (GIR) Units: 3-1-8 Lecture: WF1.30-3 (54-915) +final
Study of the structure, composition, and physical processes governing the terrestrial planets, including their formation and basic orbital properties. Topics include plate tectonics, earthquakes, seismic waves, rheology, impact cratering, gravity and magnetic fields, heat flux, thermal structure, mantle convection, deep interiors, planetary magnetism, and core dynamics. Suitable for majors and non-majors seeking general background in geophysics and planetary structure. G. Stucky de Quay, W. Frank Textbooks (Spring 2025) 12.003 Introduction to Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: WF10-11.30 (55-109)
Introduces the dynamical processes that govern the atmosphere, oceans, and climate. Topics include Earth's radiation budget, convection and clouds, the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean, and climate change. Illustrates underlying mechanisms through laboratory demonstrations with a rotating table, and through analysis of atmospheric and oceanic data. W. Kang, J. de Wit No textbook information available 12.004 Introduction to Chemistry of Habitable Environments
()
Prereq: Chemistry (GIR) Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to the central roles of chemistry and biology on Earth that underlie modern climate, climate history, and global elemental cycles. Topics include the interactions of chemistry and biology in atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial systems. Fundamental principles of redox, equilibria, and acid/base reactions are explored via their links in the Earth system and with respect to climate feedbacks and ecosystem dynamics, providing perspectives for the future of our planet and beyond. A. Babbin, M. Follows 12.006[J] Nonlinear Dynamics: Chaos
()
(Same subject as 2.050[J], 18.353[J]) Prereq: Physics II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032) Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to nonlinear dynamics and chaos in dissipative systems. Forced and parametric oscillators. Phase space. Periodic, quasiperiodic, and aperiodic flows. Sensitivity to initial conditions and strange attractors. Lorenz attractor. Period doubling, intermittency, and quasiperiodicity. Scaling and universality. Analysis of experimental data: Fourier transforms, Poincare sections, fractal dimension, and Lyapunov exponents. Applications to mechanical systems, fluid dynamics, physics, geophysics, and chemistry. See 12.207J/18.354J for Nonlinear Dynamics: Continuum Systems. R. Rosales 12.007 Geobiology: History of Life on Earth
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (54-1623)
Surveys the interactive Earth system: biology in geologic, environmental and climate change throughout Earth's history. Introduces the concept of "life as a geological agent" and examines the interaction between biology and the Earth system during the roughly 4 billion years since life first appeared. Topics include the origin of the solar system and the early Earth atmosphere; the origin and evolution of life and its influence on climate up through and including the modern age and the problem of global warming; the global carbon cycle; and astrobiology. G. Fournier No textbook information available 12.009[J] Nonlinear Dynamics: The Natural Environment
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 18.352[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR); Coreq: 18.03 Units: 3-0-9
Analyzes cooperative processes that shape the natural environment, now and in the geologic past. Emphasizes the development of theoretical models that relate the physical and biological worlds, the comparison of theory to observational data, and associated mathematical methods. Topics include carbon cycle dynamics; ecosystem structure, stability and complexity; mass extinctions; biosphere-geosphere coevolution; and climate change. Employs techniques such as stability analysis; scaling; null model construction; time series and network analysis. D. H. Rothman 12.010 Computational Methods of Scientific Programming
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Units: 4-0-8
Introductory subject exposes students to modern programming methods and techniques used in practice by physical scientists today. Emphasis on code design, algorithm development/verification, and comparative advantages/disadvantages of different languages (including Python, Julia and C/C++) and tools (including Jupyter, machine-learning from data or models, cloud and high-performance computing workflows). Students are introduced to and work with common programming tools, types of problems, and techniques for solving a variety of data analytic and equation modeling scenarios from real research: examination visualization techniques; basic numerical analysis; methods of dissemination and verification; practices for reproducible work, version control, documentation, and sharing/publication. No prior programming experience is required. T. Herring, C. Hill 12.011[J] Archaeological Science
()
(Same subject as 3.985[J], 5.24[J]) Prereq: Chemistry (GIR) or Physics I (GIR) Units: 3-1-5 Lecture: M EVE (7-10 PM) (6-120)
Pressing issues in archaeology as an anthropological science. Stresses the natural science and engineering methods archaeologists use to address these issues. Reconstructing time, space, and human ecologies provides one focus; materials technologies that transform natural materials to material culture provide another. Topics include 14C dating, ice core and palynological analysis, GIS and other remote sensing techniques for site location, organic residue analysis, comparisons between Old World and New World bronze production, invention of rubber by Mesoamerican societies, analysis and conservation of Dead Sea Scrolls. J. Meanwell No textbook information available 12.012 MatLab, Statistics, Regression, Signal Processing
()
(Subject meets with 12.444) Prereq: None. Coreq: 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the basic tools needed for data analysis and interpretation in the Geosciences, as well as other sciences. Composed of four modules, targeted at introducing students to the basic concepts and applications in each module. MatLab: Principles and practice in its uses, script and function modules, basic approaches to solving problems. Statistics: Correlation, means, dispersion, precision, accuracy, distributions, central limit theorem, skewness, probability, Chi-Square, Gaussian and other common distributions used in hypothesis testing. Regression: Random and grid search methods, basic least squares and algorithms applicable to regression, inversion and parameter estimation. Signal Processing: Analog and digital signals, Z-transform, Fourier series, fast Fourier transforms, spectral analysis leakage and bias, digital filtering. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments. T. Herring, S. Ravela 12.021 Earth Science, Energy, and the Environment
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Calculus I (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), and Physics I (GIR) Units: 3-1-8
Provides understanding of the Earth System most relevant to production of our planet's natural energy resources, including the physics, chemistry, and biology of conventional and alternative energy sources. Includes a broad overview of traditional and alternative energy sources: hydrocarbons (conventional and unconventional), nuclear, geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind and tides, along with their potentials and limitations. Develops detailed knowledge of the formation, concentration, and production of fossil and nuclear fuels, as well as the waste products associated with their consumption. An examination of conventional and alternative energy sources includes the environmental issues associated with the exploitation of these resources, both regional and global. B. Hager 12.031[J] Fundamentals of Ecology
()
(Same subject as 1.018[J], 7.30[J]) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8
Fundamentals of ecology, considering Earth as an integrated dynamic living system. Coevolution of the biosphere and geosphere, biogeochemical cycles, metabolic diversity, primary productivity, competition and the niche, trophic dynamics and food webs, population growth and limiting factors. Population modeling, global carbon cycle, climate change, geoengineering, theories of resource competition and mutualism, allometric scaling, ecological genomics, niche theory, human population growth. Applied ecology. O. Cordero, D. McRose, C. Terrer 12.080 Experiential Learning in EAPS
(, , , ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F]
For Course 12 students participating in off-campus professional experiences related to their course of study. Before registering for this subject, students must have an offer from a company or organization, must identify an EAPS advisor, and must receive prior approval from their advisor. Upon completion of the experience, student must submit a letter from the company or organization describing what the student accomplished, along with a substantive final report from the student approved by the EAPS advisor. Consult departmental academic office. EAPS Faculty 12.086 Modeling Environmental Complexity
()
(Subject meets with 12.586) Prereq: 18.03 Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to mathematical and physical models of environmental processes. Emphasis on the development of macroscopic continuum or statistical descriptions of complex microscopic dynamics. Problems of interest include: random walks and statistical geometry of landscapes; percolation theory and transport in disordered media; fractals, scaling, and universality; ecological dynamics and the structure of ecosystems, food webs, and other natural networks; kinetics of biogeochemical cycles. Appropriate for advanced undergraduates. Beginning graduate students are encouraged to register for 12.586. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments. D. H. Rothman 12.090 Current Topics in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Laboratory or field work in earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences. Consult with department Education Office. Fall: G. Fournier Spring: D. Rothman 12.091 Current Topics in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
Laboratory or field work in earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences. Consult with department Education Office. C. Hill, L. Milechin, J. Mullen No textbook information available 12.092 Current Topics in Geology and Geochemistry
(, , ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged
Laboratory or field work in geology and geochemistry. Consult with department Education Office. Staff 12.093 Current Topics in Geology and Geochemistry
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
Laboratory or field work in geology and geochemistry. To be arranged with department faculty. Consult with department Education Office. Staff 12.094 Current Topics in Geophysics
(, , ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Laboratory or field work in geophysics. Consult with department Education Office. Staff 12.095 Current Topics in Geophysics
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
Laboratory, data analysis, system modeling or field work in geophysics. To be arranged with department faculty. Consult with department Education Office. Staff 12.096 Current Topics in Atmospheric Science and Oceanography
(, , ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Laboratory or field work in atmospheric science and oceanography. To be arranged with department faculty. Consult with department Education Office. Staff 12.097 Current Topics in Atmospheric Science and Oceanography
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
Laboratory or field work in atmospheric science and oceanography. To be arranged with department faculty. Consult with department Education Office. Staff 12.098 Current Topics in Planetary Science
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Laboratory or field work in planetary science. To be arranged with department faculty. Consult with department Education Office. Staff 12.099 Current Topics in Planetary Science
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
Laboratory or field work in planetary science. To be arranged with department faculty. Consult with department Education Office. Staff 12.C25[J] Real World Computation with Julia
()
(Same subject as 1.C25[J], 6.C25[J], 16.C25[J], 18.C25[J], 22.C25[J]) Prereq: 6.100A, 18.03, and 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on algorithms and techniques for writing and using modern technical software in a job, lab, or research group environment that may consist of interdisciplinary teams, where performance may be critical, and where the software needs to be flexible and adaptable. Topics include automatic differentiation, matrix calculus, scientific machine learning, parallel and GPU computing, and performance optimization with introductory applications to climate science, economics, agent-based modeling, and other areas. Labs and projects focus on performant, readable, composable algorithms, and software. Programming will be in Julia. Expects students to have some familiarity with Python, Matlab, or R. No Julia experience necessary. A. Edelman, R. Ferrari, B. Forget, C. Leiseron,Y. Marzouk, J. Williams Geology and Geochemistry12.100 Plate Tectonics and Climate
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| | | 12.00-12.439 plus UROP, IND, TIP, THU | | | 12.44-12.599 plus THG | | | 12.600-12.999 | | | |
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Course 14: Economics |
| | | 14.00-14.399 plus UROP | | | 14.40-14.999 and UROP and Thesis | | | |
General Economics and Theory14.00 Undergraduate Internship in Economics
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
For Course 14 students participating in off-campus internship experiences in economics. Before registering for this subject, students must have an employment offer from a company or organization and must identify a Course 14 advisor. Upon completion of the internship, student must submit a letter from the employer describing the work accomplished, along with a substantive final report from the student approved by the MIT advisor. Subject to departmental approval. Consult departmental undergraduate office. D. Donaldson No textbook information available 14.000 Graduate Internship in Economics
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
For Course 14 students participating in off-campus internship experiences in economics. Before registering for this subject, students must have an employment offer from a company or organization and must identify a Course 14 advisor. Upon completion of the internship, student must submit a letter from the employer describing the work accomplished, along with a substantive final report from the student approved by the MIT advisor. Subject to departmental approval. Consult departmental graduate office. A. Banerjee No textbook information available 14.001 Design of Policy Summer Internship
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of department Units: 0-1-0 TBA.
Provides students in the DEDP Master's program the opportunity to synthesize their coursework and professional experience in policy, economics, and data analysis. In the context of a summer internship, students apply the knowledge gained in the program towards a project with a host organization, typically in the development or public policy sectors. Students will be supported in finding a suitable opportunity or research project. All internship placements are subject to approval by the program director. Each student must write a capstone project report. Restricted to DEDP MASc students. Fall: S. Ellison Spring: S. Ellison No textbook information available 14.003 Microeconomic Theory and Public Policy
(, )
(Subject meets with 14.03) Prereq: 14.01 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW9-10.30 (32-141) Recitation: F9 (E51-361) or F10 (E51-149) +final
Students master and apply economic theory, causal inference, and contemporary evidence to analyze policy challenges. These include the effect of minimum wages on employment, the value of healthcare, the power and limitations of free markets, the benefits and costs of international trade, the causes and remedies of externalities, the consequences of adverse selection in insurance markets, the impacts of labor market discrimination, and the application of machine learning to supplement to decision-making. Class attendance and participation are mandatory. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Fall: D. Autor Spring: T. Salz No textbook information available 14.009 Economics and Society's Toughest Problems
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Should we trade more or less with China? Why are some countries poor, and some countries rich? Why are the 1% getting richer? Should the US have a universal basic income? Why is our society becoming so polarized? What can we do to mitigate climate change? Will robots take all the jobs? Why does racism persist and how can we fight it? What will the world economy look like after the COVID-19 recession? Economics shows you how to think about some of the toughest problems facing society — and how to use data to get answers. Features lectures by MIT's economics faculty, showing how their cutting-edge research can help answer these questions. In lieu of problem sets, quizzes, or other written assignments, students produce materials of their choice (podcasts, TikToks, longer videos) with the view to make a potential audience excited about economics. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Consult Department Headquarters 14.01 Principles of Microeconomics
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW1 (32-123) Recitation: F10 (6-120) or F12 (6-120) or F1 (6-120) or F2 (6-120) +final
Introduces microeconomic concepts and analysis, supply and demand analysis, theories of the firm and individual behavior, competition and monopoly, and welfare economics. Applications to problems of current economic policy. Fall: S. Ellison Spring: D. Donaldson No textbook information available 14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW2 (10-250) Recitation: F2 (4-370) or F3 (4-370)
Provides an overview of macroeconomic issues including the determination of national income, economic growth, unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates. Introduces basic macroeconomic models and illustrates key principles through applications to the experience of the US and other economies. Explores a range of current policy debates, such as the economic effects of monetary and fiscal policy, the causes and consequences of the 2008 global financial crisis, and the factors that influence long-term growth in living standards. Lectures are recorded and available for students with scheduling conflicts. Fall: M. Beraja Spring: R. Caballero No textbook information available 14.03 Microeconomic Theory and Public Policy
(, )
(Subject meets with 14.003) Prereq: 14.01 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW9-10.30 (32-141) Recitation: F9 (E51-361) or F10 (E51-149) +final
Students master and apply economic theory, causal inference, and contemporary evidence to analyze policy challenges. These include the effect of minimum wages on employment, the value of healthcare, the power and limitations of free markets, the benefits and costs of international trade, the causes and remedies of externalities, the consequences of adverse selection in insurance markets, the impacts of labor market discrimination, and the application of machine learning to supplement to decision-making. Class attendance and participation are mandatory. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Fall: D. Autor Spring: B. Setzler No textbook information available 14.04 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and 14.01 Units: 4-0-8
Analysis of consumer and producer decisions including analysis of competitive and monopolistic markets. Price-based partial and general equilibrium analysis. Introduction to game theory as a foundation for the strategic analysis of economic situations. Imperfect competition, dynamic games among firms. Failures of general equilibrium theory and their resolutions: externalities, public goods, incomplete information settings, signaling, screening, insurance, alternative market mechanisms, auctions, design of markets. S. Morris 14.05 Intermediate Macroeconomics
()
Prereq: 14.01 and (14.02 or permission of instructor) Units: 4-0-8
Uses the tools of macroeconomics to investigate various macroeconomic issues in depth. Topics range from economic growth and inequality in the long run to economic stability and financial crises in the short run. Surveys many economic models used today. Requires a substantial research paper on the economics of long-run economic growth. C. Wolf 14.06 Advanced Macroeconomics
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 14.01 and 14.02 Units: 4-0-8
Blends a thorough study of the theoretical foundations of modern macroeconomics with a review of useful mathematical tools, such as dynamic programming, optimal control, and dynamic systems. Develops comfort with formal macroeconomic reasoning and deepens understanding of key macroeconomic phenomena, such as business cycles. Goes on to study more specific topics, such as unemployment, financial crises, and the role of fiscal and monetary policy. Special attention to reviewing relevant facts and disentangling them from their popular interpretations. Uses insights and tools from game theory. Includes applications to recent and historical events. Staff 14.08 Technical Topics in Economics
(, )
Prereq: 14.01 Units: 4-0-8 TBA.
Considers technical issues of current research interest in economics. Fall: G. King Spring: G. King No required or recommended textbooks 14.09 Reading Seminar in Economics
(, , , )
Prereq: 14.04 and 14.06 Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Reading and discussion of particular topics in economics. Open to undergraduate students by arrangement with individual faculty members. Consult Department Headquarters. Fall: D. Donaldson IAP: D. Donaldson Spring: D. Donaldson No textbook information available 14.10 Reading Seminar in Economics
(, , , )
Prereq: 14.04 and 14.06 Units arranged TBA.
Reading and discussion of particular topics in economics. Open to undergraduate students by arrangement with individual faculty members. Consult Department Headquarters. Fall: D. Donaldson IAP: D. Donaldson Spring: D. Donaldson No textbook information available 14.11 Topics in Economics
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 14.01 Units: 4-0-8
Considers issues of current research interest in economics. Staff 14.12 Economic Applications of Game Theory
()
Prereq: 14.01 and (6.041B, 14.04, 14.30, 18.05, or permission of instructor) Units: 4-0-8
Analysis of strategic behavior in multi-person economic settings. Introduction to solution concepts, such as rationalizability, backwards induction, Nash equilibrium, subgame-perfect equilibrium, and sequential equilibrium. Strong emphasis on dynamic games, such as repeated games. Introduction to Bayesian games, focusing on Bayesian Nash Equilibrium, Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium, and signaling games. Applications drawn from microeconomics: imperfect competition, implicit cartels, bargaining, and auctions. I. Ball 14.121 Microeconomic Theory I
(); first half of term
Prereq: 14.04 and permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3
Covers consumer and producer theory, markets and competition, general equilibrium and the welfare theorems; featuring applications, uncertainty, identification and restrictions models place on data. Enrollment limited; preference to PhD students. P. Pathak 14.122 Microeconomic Theory II
(); second half of term
Prereq: 14.121 and permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3
Introduction to game theory. Topics include normal form and extensive form games, and games with incomplete information. Enrollment limited. G. Ellison 14.123 Microeconomic Theory III
(); first half of term
Prereq: 14.121, 14.122, and permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E51-151) Recitation: F1-2.30 (E51-151)
Models of individual decision-making under certainty and uncertainty. Additional topics in game theory. Enrollment limited. D. Fudenberg No textbook information available 14.124 Microeconomic Theory IV
(); second half of term
Prereq: 14.123 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E51-151) Recitation: F1-2.30 (E51-151)
Introduction to statistical decision theory, incentive contracting (moral hazard and adverse selection), mechanism design and incomplete contracting. Enrollment limited. A. Wolitzky No textbook information available 14.125 Market Design
()
Prereq: 14.124 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW9-10.30 (E52-432) Recitation: F3 (E52-164)
Theory and practice of market design, building on ideas from microeconomics, game theory and mechanism design. Prominent case studies include auctions, labor markets, school choice, prediction markets, financial markets, and organ exchange clearinghouses. N. Agarwal, P. Pathak No required or recommended textbooks 14.126 Game Theory
()
Prereq: 14.122 Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (E51-372) Recitation: F12 (E51-372)
Investigates equilibrium and non-equilibrium solution concepts and their foundations as the result of learning or evolution. Studies the equilibria of supermodular games, global games, repeated games, signaling games, and models of bargaining, cheap talk, and reputation. A. Wolitzky, M. Yildiz No textbook information available 14.127 Advanced Game Theory
()
Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8
For students who plan to do game theory research. Covers the following topics: epistemic foundations of game theory, higher order beliefs, the role and status of common prior assumptions, social networks and social learning, repeated and stochastic games, non-equilibrium learning, stochastic stability and evolutionary dynamics, game theory experiments, and behavioral game theory. D. Fudenberg, M. Yildiz 14.129 Advanced Contract Theory
(); first half of term
Prereq: 14.121, 14.281, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: TR10.30-12 (E52-532) Recitation: F2.30-4 (E52-532)
Presents the contract theory, mechanism design, and general equilibrium theory necessary for an understanding of a variety of recent innovations: crypto currencies, digital assets; intermediation through digital big techs; central bank digital currency; and decentralized finance (DeFi) versus centralized exchange and contract platforms. Three broad themes: 1) Take stock of new technologies' characteristic features (distributed ledgers and blockchain, e-transfers, smart contacts, and encryption); 2) Translate these features into formal language; 3) Inform normative questions: Should we delegate programmable contacts to the private sector and the role of public authorities. R. Townsend No required or recommended textbooks 14.13 Psychology and Economics
()
(Subject meets with 14.131) Prereq: 14.01 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW10.30-12 (34-101) Recitation: F11 (4-370) or F12 (4-370) or F4 (4-370) +final
Introduces the theoretical and empirical literature of behavioral economics. Examines important and systematic departures from the standard models in economics by incorporating insights from psychology and other social sciences. Covers theory and evidence on time, risk, and social preferences; beliefs and learning; emotions; limited attention; and frames, defaults, and nudges. Studies applications to many different areas, such as credit card debt, procrastination, retirement savings, addiction, portfolio choice, poverty, labor supply, happiness, and government policy. Students participate in surveys and experiments in class, review evidence from lab experiments, examine how the results can be integrated into models, and test models using field and lab data. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. F. Schilbach No textbook information available 14.130 Reading Economic Theory
()
Prereq: 14.121 and 14.451 Units: 2-0-10
Class will read and discuss current research in economic theory with a focus on game theory, decision theory, and behavioral economics. Students will be expected to make one presentation and to read and post comments on every paper by the day before the paper is presented. Permission of the instructor required, and auditors are not allowed. D. Fudenberg 14.131 Psychology and Economics
()
(Subject meets with 14.13) Prereq: 14.01 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW10.30-12 (34-101) Recitation: F11 (4-370) or F12 (4-370) or F4 (4-370) +final
Introduces the theoretical and empirical literature of behavioral economics. Examines important and systematic departures from the standard models in economics by incorporating insights from psychology and other social sciences. Covers theory and evidence on time, risk, and social preferences; beliefs and learning; emotions; limited attention; and frames, defaults, and nudges. Studies applications to many different areas, such as credit card debt, procrastination, retirement savings, addiction, portfolio choice, poverty, labor supply, happiness, and government policy. Students participate in surveys and experiments in class, review evidence from lab experiments, examine how the results can be integrated into models, and test models using field and lab data. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. F. Schilbach No textbook information available 14.137[J] Psychology and Economics
()
(Same subject as 9.822[J]) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: W EVE (4-7 PM) (E52-164)
Examines "psychology appreciation" for economics students. Aims to enhance knowledge and intuition about psychological processes in areas relevant to economics. Increases understanding of psychology as an experimental discipline, with its own distinct rules and style of argument. Topics include self-knowledge, cognitive dissonance, self-deception, emotions, social norms, self-control, learning, mental accounting, memory, individual and group behavior, and some personality and psycho-analytic models. Within each of these topics, we showcase effective and central experiments and discuss their role in the development of psychological theory. Term paper required. D. Prelec No textbook information available 14.147 Topics in Game Theory
()
Prereq: 14.126 Units: 4-0-8
Advanced subject on topics of current research interest. D. Fudenberg 14.15[J] Networks
()
(Same subject as 6.3260[J]) (Subject meets with 14.150) Prereq: 6.3700 or 14.30 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (E52-164) Recitation: F3 (E25-111) +final
Highlights common principles that permeate the functioning of diverse technological, economic and social networks. Utilizes three sets of tools for analyzing networks -- random graph models, optimization, and game theory -- to study informational and learning cascades; economic and financial networks; social influence networks; formation of social groups; communication networks and the Internet; consensus and gossiping; spread and control of epidemics; control and use of energy networks; and biological networks. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. A. Wolitzky Textbooks (Spring 2025) 14.150 Networks
()
(Subject meets with 6.3260[J], 14.15[J]) Prereq: 6.3700 or 14.300 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (E52-164) Recitation: F3 (E25-111) +final
Highlights common principles that permeate the functioning of diverse technological, economic and social networks. Utilizes three sets of tools for analyzing networks -- random graph models, optimization, and game theory -- to study informational and learning cascades; economic and financial networks; social influence networks; formation of social groups; communication networks and the Internet; consensus and gossiping; spread and control of epidemics; control and use of energy networks; and biological networks. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. A. Wolitzky No textbook information available 14.16 Strategy and Information
()
(Subject meets with 14.161) Prereq: 14.01 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E51-376) Recitation: F12 (E52-164) +final
Covers modern applications of game theory where incomplete information plays an important role. Applications include bargaining, auctions, global games, market design, information design, and network economics. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. I. Ball, M. Yildiz No textbook information available 14.160 Behavioral Economics
()
Prereq: 14.122 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (E52-432) Recitation: F12 (E52-432)
Covers recent theory and empirical evidence in behavioral economics. Topics include deviations from the neoclassical model in terms of (i) preferences (present bias, reference dependence, social preferences), (ii) beliefs (overconfidence, projection bias), and (iii) decision-making (cognition, attention, framing, persuasion), as well as (iv) market reactions to such deviations. Applications will cover a large range of fields, including labor and public economics, industrial organization, health economics, finance, and development economics. A. Banerjee, F. Schilbach No textbook information available 14.161 Strategy and Information
()
(Subject meets with 14.16) Prereq: 14.01 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E51-376) Recitation: F12 (E52-164) +final
Covers modern applications of game theory where incomplete information plays an important role. Applications include bargaining, auctions, global games, market design, information design, and network economics. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. I. Ball, M. Yildiz No textbook information available 14.163 Algorithms and Behavioral Science
()
Prereq: (14.122 and 14.381) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR10.30-12 (E51-149) Recitation: R2.30-4 (E51-085)
Examines algorithms and their interaction with human cognition. Provides an overview of supervised learning as it relates to econometrics and economic applications. Discusses using algorithms to better understand people, using algorithms to improve human judgment, and using understanding of humans to better design algorithms. Prepares economics PhD students to conduct research in the field. S. Mullainathan, A. Rambachan No textbook information available 14.18 Mathematical Economic Modeling
()
Prereq: 14.04, 14.12, 14.15, or 14.19 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (E51-057) Recitation: TBA
Guides students through the process of developing and analyzing formal economic models and effectively communicating their results. Topics include decision theory, game theory, voting, and matching. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Prior coursework in microeconomic theory and/or proof-based mathematics required. Limited to 18 students. M. Yildiz No textbook information available 14.19 Market Design
()
Prereq: 14.01 Units: 4-0-8
Covers the design and operation of organized markets, building on ideas from microeconomic and game theory. Topics may include mechanism design, auctions, matching markets, and other resource allocation problems. P. Pathak 14.191 Independent Research Paper
(, , , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-12-0 TBA.
Under guidance from a faculty member approved by Graduate Registration Officer, student writes a substantial, probably publishable research paper. Must be completed by the end of a student's second year to satisfy the departmental minor requirement. Fall: I. Andrews IAP: I. Andrews Spring: I. Andrews No textbook information available 14.192 Advanced Research and Communication
(, , )
Prereq: 14.124, 14.382, and 14.454 Units: 2-4-6 [P/D/F] Lecture: TR9-10.30 (E52-432)
Guides second-year Economics PhD students through the process of conducting and communicating economic research. Students choose topics for research projects, develop research strategies, carry out analyses, and write and present research papers. Limited to second year Economics PhD students. Fall: A. Banerjee, A. Finkelstein IAP: A. Banerjee, A. Finkelstein Spring: A. Banerjee, A. Finkelstein No textbook information available 14.193 Advanced Seminar in Economics
(, , ) ; partial term
Prereq: 14.121 and 14.451 Units arranged 14.193: Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR2.30-4 (E52-532) Recitation: F12 (E52-532)
Reading and discussion of current topics in economics. Open to advanced graduate students by arrangement with individual members of the staff. Fall: Consult Department headquarters Spring: R. Townsend Summer: J. Tirole 14.193: No textbook information available 14.195 Reading Seminar in Economics
(, , )
Prereq: 14.121 Units arranged [P/D/F] 14.195: TBA.
Reading and discussion of current topics in economics. Open to advanced graduate students by arrangement with individual members of the staff. Fall: I. Andrews Spring: I. Andrews 14.195: No textbook information available 14.197 Independent Research
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Under guidance from a faculty member approved by Graduate Registration Officer, student conducts independent research. Fall: I. Andrews IAP: I. Andrews Spring: I. Andrews No textbook information available 14.198, 14.199 Teaching Introductory Economics
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-2 [P/D/F] 14.198: TBA. 14.199: TBA.
Required of teaching assistants in introductory economics (14.01 and 14.02), under guidance from the faculty member in charge of the subject. Fall: Consult Department Headquarters Spring: Consult Department Headquarters 14.198: No textbook information available 14.199: No textbook information available 14.281 Contract Economics
()
Prereq: 14.124 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Covers theoretical research on contracts in static as well as dynamic settings. Topics include agency theory, mechanism design, incomplete contracting, information design and costly information acquisition. I. Ball, S. Morris Industrial Organization14.20 Industrial Organization: Competitive Strategy and Public Policy
()
(Subject meets with 14.200) Prereq: 14.01 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW10.30-12 (E51-151) Recitation: F10 (E51-085)
Analyzes the current debate over the rise of monopolies, the strategic behavior and performance of firms in imperfectly competitive markets, and the role of competition policy. Topics include monopoly power; pricing, product choice, and innovation decisions by firms in oligopoly markets; static and dynamic measurement of market performance; and incentives in organizations. Requires regular participation in class discussion and teamwork in a competitive strategy game. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. N. Rose No required or recommended textbooks 14.200 Industrial Organization: Competitive Strategy and Public Policy
()
(Subject meets with 14.20) Prereq: 14.01 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW10.30-12 (E51-151) Recitation: F10 (E51-085)
Analyzes the current debate over the rise of monopolies, the strategic behavior and performance of firms in imperfectly competitive markets, and the role of competition policy. Topics include monopoly power; pricing, product choice, and innovation decisions by firms in oligopoly markets; static and dynamic measurement of market performance; and incentives in organizations. Requires regular participation in class discussion and teamwork in a competitive strategy game. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. N. Rose No required or recommended textbooks 14.27 Economics of Digitization
()
(Subject meets with 14.270) Prereq: 14.01 and (6.3700 or 14.30) Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E51-361) Recitation: F10 (E51-372)
Uses theoretical economic models and empirical evidence to help understand the past and likely future impacts that digitization has had on legacy markets and institutions. These models help frame class discussions on e-commerce, search, online advertising, traditional and social media, privacy, platform design, and distance learning, among other topics. Students complete a project, and those taking the graduate version have additional assignments. S. Ellison No textbook information available 14.270 Economics of Digitization
()
(Subject meets with 14.27) Prereq: 14.01 and (6.3700 or 14.30) Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E51-361) Recitation: F10 (E51-372)
Uses theoretical economic models and empirical evidence to help understand the past and likely future impacts that digitization has had on legacy markets and institutions. These models help frame class discussions on e-commerce, search, online advertising, traditional and social media, privacy, platform design, and distance learning, among other topics. Students complete a project, and those taking the graduate version have additional assignments. S. Ellison No textbook information available 14.271 Industrial Organization I
()
Prereq: None. Coreq: 14.122 and 14.381 Units: 5-0-7
Covers theoretical and empirical work dealing with the structure, behavior, and performance of firms and markets and core issues in antitrust. Topics include: the organization of the firm, monopoly, price discrimination, oligopoly, and auctions. Theoretical and empirical work are integrated in each area. G. Ellison 14.272 Industrial Organization II
()
Prereq: 14.271 Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (E51-385) Recitation: F12 (E51-385)
Continuation of 14.271. Focuses on government interventions in monopoly and oligopoly markets, and addresses both competition and regulatory policy. Topics include horizontal merger policy and demand estimation, vertical integration and vertical restraints, and the theory and practice of economic regulation. Applications include the political economy of regulation; the performance of economic regulation; deregulation in sectors including electric power, transportation, and financial services; and pharmaceutical and environmental regulation in imperfectly competitive product markets. N. Rose, M. Whinston No required or recommended textbooks 14.273 Advanced Topics in Industrial Organization
()
Prereq: 14.271 Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (E51-151) Recitation: F EVE (4-6 PM) (E51-151)
Empirical analysis of theoretically derived models of market behavior. Varied topics include demand estimation, differentiated products, production functions, analysis of market power, entry and exit, vertical relationships, auctions, matching markets, network externalities, dynamic oligopoly, moral hazard and adverse selection. Discussion will focus on methodological issues, including identification, estimation, counter-factual analysis and simulation techniques. N. Agarwal, B. Vatter No required or recommended textbooks Organizational Economics14.26[J] Organizational Economics
()
(Same subject as 15.039[J]) (Subject meets with 14.260) Prereq: 14.01 Units: 4-0-8
Provides a rigorous, but not overly technical introduction to the economic theory of organization together with a varying set of applications. Addresses incentives, control, relationships, decision processes, and organizational culture and performance. Introduces selected fundamentals of game theory. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. Gibbons 14.260 Organizational Economics
()
(Subject meets with 14.26[J], 15.039[J]) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8
Provides a rigorous, but not overly technical introduction to the economic theory of organization together with a varying set of applications. Addresses incentives, control, relationships, decision processes, and organizational culture and performance. Introduces selected fundamentals of game theory. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. Gibbons 14.282 Introduction to Organizational Economics
()
Prereq: 14.124 Units: 5-0-7
Begins with survey of contract theory for organizational economists, then introduces the main areas of the field, including the boundary of the firm; decision-making, employment, structures and processes in organizations; and organizations other than firms. C. Angelucci, R. Gibbons, N. Kala 14.283 Advanced Topics in Organizational Economics I
(); first half of term
Prereq: 14.282 Units: 2-0-4 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E62-550) Recitation: F10 (E51-361)
Builds on the work done in 14.282 to develop more in-depth analysis of topics in the field. R. Gibbons, C. Angelucci No textbook information available 14.284 Advanced Topics in Organizational Economics II
(); second half of term
Prereq: 14.282 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E62-550) Recitation: F10 (E51-361)
Builds on the work done in 14.282 to develop more in-depth analysis of topics in the field. C. Angelucci, R. Gibbons No textbook information available Statistics and Econometrics14.30 Introduction to Statistical Methods in Economics
()
(Subject meets with 14.300) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 4-0-8
Self-contained introduction to probability and statistics with applications in economics and the social sciences. Covers elements of probability theory, statistical estimation and inference, regression analysis, causal inference, and program evaluation. Couples methods with applications and with assignments involving data analysis. Uses basic calculus and matrix algebra. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. May not count toward HASS requirement. A. Abadie 14.300 Introduction to Statistical Methods in Economics
()
(Subject meets with 14.30) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 4-0-8
Self-contained introduction to probability and statistics with applications in economics and the social sciences. Covers elements of probability theory, statistical estimation and inference, regression analysis, causal inference, and program evaluation. Couples methods with applications and with assignments involving data analysis. Uses basic calculus and matrix algebra. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. A. Abadie 14.310 Data Analysis for Social Scientists
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8
Introduces methods for harnessing data to answer questions of cultural, social, economic, and policy interest. Presents essential notions of probability and statistics. Covers techniques in modern data analysis: regression and econometrics, prediction, design of experiment, randomized control trials (and A/B testing), machine learning, data visualization, analysis of network data, and geographic information systems. Projects include analysis of data with a written description and interpretation of results; may involve gathering of original data or use of existing data sets. Applications drawn from real world examples and frontier research. Instruction in use of the statistical package R. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 14.32 Econometric Data Science
(, )
(Subject meets with 14.320) Prereq: 14.30 or 18.650 Units: 4-4-4 Lecture: TR10.30-12 (E51-395) Lab: TBA Recitation: F12 (E52-324) +final
Introduces regression and other tools for causal inference and descriptive analysis in empirical economics. Topics include analysis of randomized experiments, instrumental variables methods and regression discontinuity designs, differences-in-differences estimation, and regression with time series data. Develops the skills needed to conduct — and critique — empirical studies in economics and related fields. Empirical applications are drawn from published examples and frontier research. Familiarity with statistical programming languages is helpful. Students taking graduate version complete an empirical project leading to a short paper. No listeners. Limited to 70 total for versions meeting together. Fall: A. Mikusheva Spring: J. Angrist Textbooks (Spring 2025) 14.320 Econometric Data Science
(, )
(Subject meets with 14.32) Prereq: 14.300 or 18.650 Units: 4-4-4 Lecture: TR10.30-12 (E51-395) Lab: TBA Recitation: R EVE (5.30-7 PM) (E52-432) +final
Introduces regression and other tools for causal inference and descriptive analysis in empirical economics. Topics include analysis of randomized experiments, instrumental variables methods and regression discontinuity designs, differences-in-differences estimation, and regress with time series data. Develops the skills needed to conduct — and critique — empirical studies in economics and related fields. Empirical applications are drawn from published examples and frontier research. Familiarity with statistical programming languages is helpful. Students taking graduate version complete an empirical project leading to a short paper. No listeners. Limited to 70 total for versions meeting together. Fall: A. Mikusheva Spring: J. Angrist Textbooks (Spring 2025) 14.33 Research and Communication in Economics: Topics, Methods, and Implementation
(, )
Prereq: 14.32 and (14.01 or 14.02) Units: 3-4-5 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (E51-372) Lab: TBA
Exposes students to the process of conducting independent research in empirical economics and effectively communicating the results of the research. Emphasizes econometric analysis of an assigned economic question and culminates in each student choosing an original topic, performing appropriate analysis, and delivering oral and written project reports. Limited to 20 per section. Fall: T. Salz Spring: N. Roussille No textbook information available 14.35 Why Markets Fail
()
Prereq: 14.04, 14.12, 14.15, or 14.19 Units: 4-0-8
Guides students through the process of developing and communicating economic and data analysis. Discusses topics in which markets fail to provide efficient outcomes or economic opportunity. Topics include health insurance, intergenerational mobility, discrimination, climate change, and more. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Key course activities include the writing of a term paper conducting original economic analysis and an in-class slide presentation of the work. Limited to 18. N. Hendren 14.36 Advanced Econometrics
()
(Subject meets with 14.387) Prereq: 14.32 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Advanced treatment of the core empirical strategies used to answer causal questions in applied microeconometric research. Covers extensions and innovations relating to econometric applications of regression, machine learning, instrumental variables, differences-in-differences and event-study models, regression discontinuity designs, synthetic controls, and statistical inference. Students taking graduate version complete an additional assignment. J. Angrist 14.38 Inference on Causal and Structural Parameters Using ML and AI
()
(Subject meets with 14.388) Prereq: 14.32 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (E51-145) Recitation: F2.30-4 (E51-145)
Provides an applied treatment of modern causal inference with high-dimensional data, focusing on empirical economic problems encountered in academic research and the tech industry. Formulates problems in the languages of structural equation modeling and potential outcomes. Presents state-of-the-art approaches for inference on causal and structural parameters, including de-biased machine learning, synthetic control methods, and reinforcement learning. Introduces tools from machine learning and deep learning developed for prediction purposes, and discusses how to adapt them to learn causal parameters. Emphasizes the applied and practical perspectives. Requires knowledge of mathematical statistics and regression analysis and programming experience in R or Python. V. Chernozhukov No textbook information available 14.380 Statistical Method in Economics
(); first half of term
Prereq: 14.32 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3
Introduction to probability and statistics as background for advanced econometrics. Covers elements of probability theory, sampling theory, asymptotic approximations, hypothesis testing, and maximum-likelihood methods. Illustrations from economics and application of these concepts to economic problems. Limited to 40 PhD students. A. Rambachan 14.381 Estimation and Inference for Linear Causal and Structural Models
(); second half of term
Prereq: 14.380 and 18.06 Units: 3-0-3
Explains basic econometric ideas and methods, illustrating with empirical applications. Causal inference is emphasized and examples of economic structural models are given. Topics include randomized trials, regression, including discontinuity designs and diffs-in-diffs, and instrumental variables, including local average treatment effects. Basic asymptotic theory for regression is covered and robust standard errors and statistical inference methods are given. Restricted to PhD students from Courses 14 and 15. Instructor approval required for all others. W. Newey 14.382 Econometrics
()
Prereq: 14.381 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: MW10.30-12 (E51-395) Recitation: F10.30-12 (E51-145)
Covers key models as well as identification and estimation methods used in modern econometrics. Presents modern ways to set up problems and do better estimation and inference than the current empirical practice. Introduces generalized method of moments and the method of M-estimators in addition to more modern versions of these methods dealing with important issues, such as weak identification. Also discusses the bootstrap. Students gain practical experience by applying the methods to real data sets. Enrollment limited. V. Chernozhukov No textbook information available 14.383 High-Dimensional Econometrics
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| | | 14.00-14.399 plus UROP | | | 14.40-14.999 and UROP and Thesis | | | |
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Course 15: Management |
| | | 15.00-15.299 | | | 15.30-15.699 | | | 15.70-15.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | | |
Managerial Economics15.000 Explorations in Management
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Broad introduction to the various aspects of management including analytics, accounting and finance, operations, marketing, entrepreneurship and leadership, organizations, economics, systems dynamics, and negotiation and communication. Introduces the field of management through a variety of experiences as well as discussions led by faculty or industry experts. Also reviews the three undergraduate majors offered by Sloan as well as careers in management. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Limited to undergraduates; preference to first years. J. Orlin 15.002 Leadership Challenges for an Inclusive World
(, )
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] Lecture: TBA
Units assigned to MBA students upon completion. Restricted to Sloan MBA students. Fall: Consult: Sloan Educational Services Spring: Consult: Sloan Educational Services No textbook information available 15.003 Analytics Tools
(, , )
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Units assigned to Master of Business Analytics students upon completion of the Analytics Tools requirement. Restricted to Master of Business Analytics students. Fall: M. Li IAP: M. Li No textbook information available 15.004 Programming for Finance Professionals
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F]
Two-day accelerated course with supplemental recitations designed to develop skills in applying basic methods from the programming language Python (with additional references from R) to financial problems. Topics include programming basics in Python, data manipulation, visualization and reporting and an overview of programming ethics. MFin students will apply and build upon these skills in 15.433 Financial Markets and 15.450/15.457 Analytics and Advanced Analytics of Finance. Students must pass one of two exams offered during the summer term to demonstrate their ability to solve financial problems using R and Python. Restricted to Sloan Master of Finance Program students. B. Vartak 15.005 Sloan Intensive Period Elective Requirement
(); second half of term
Prereq: 15.002 Units arranged [P/D/F] URL: https://sloangroups.mit.edu/mbaprogram/15.005-elective-sip/ TBA.
Units assigned to MBA students upon completion of the Sloan Intensive Period (SIP) elective requirement. Restricted to Sloan MBA students. Consult: Sloan Educational Services No textbook information available 15.010 Economic Analysis for Business Decisions
()
Prereq: None Units: 4-0-5
Introduces principles of microeconomics as a framework for making more informed managerial decisions. Discusses the supply and demand paradigm with applications to digital marketplaces, innovation, sources of market power, and strategic pricing. Provides an introduction to game theory to study competition and cooperation both within and between firms. Restricted to first-year Sloan MBA students. M. Whinston 15.011 Economic Analysis for Business Decisions
()
(Subject meets with 15.0111) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-5
Introduces principles of microeconomics as a framework for making more informed managerial decisions. Discusses the supply and demand paradigm with applications to digital marketplaces, innovation, sources of market power, and strategic pricing. Provides an introduction to game theory to study competition and cooperation both within and between firms. Expectations and evaluation criteria differ for students taking graduate version; consult syllabus or instructor for specific details. Intended for non-Sloan graduate students; not open to Sloan MBA students. Staff 15.0111 Economic Analysis for Business Decisions
()
(Subject meets with 15.011) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-5
Introduces principles of microeconomics as a framework for making more informed managerial decisions. Discusses the supply and demand paradigm with applications to digital marketplaces, innovation, sources of market power, and strategic pricing. Provides an introduction to game theory to study competition and cooperation both within and between firms. Expectations and evaluation criteria differ for students taking graduate version; consult syllabus or instructor for specific details. Intended for undergraduate students; not open to Sloan MBA students. M. Gechter 15.012 Applied Macro- and International Economics
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Explores the macroeconomic environment in which firms operate. Aims to provide a strong foundation in macroeconomic concepts and apply them to understand specific country experiences. Introduces the basic tools of short-run macroeconomic management, primarily monetary and fiscal policy, utilizing historical case studies and modern policy discussions as context. Explores drivers of long-term growth, examining the cases of economic miracles and productivity slowdowns in developed economies, and then delves into the fundamental theory of trade, applying it to the discussions of global trade wars and trade agreements. A. Makarin, R. Rigobon 15.013 Economics for Strategic Decisions
()
Prereq: 15.010 or 15.011 Units: 3-0-6
Applies principles of economics most relevant for corporate strategy to analysis of particular industries. Topics include market structure and its determinants; rational strategic behavior in small numbers situations; strategies for price and nonprice competition; dynamic pricing, output, and advertising decisions; entry and entry deterrence; competition with network externalities; investments under uncertainty; competition among platforms; R&D and patent licensing; and the growth and evolution of industries. R. Pindyck, A. Bonatti 15.014 Applied Macro- and International Economics II
(); first half of term
Prereq: None Units: 4-0-2 Ends Mar 14. Lecture: MW8.30-10 (E62-223)
Establishes understanding of the development processes of societies and economies. Studies several dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social, political, institutional, economy, organizational, relational, and personal) and the balance among them. Explores the basics of governmental intervention, focusing on areas such as the judicial system, environment, social security, and health. Builds skills to determine what type of policy is most appropriate. Considers implications of new technologies on the financial sector: internationalization of currencies, mobile payment systems, and cryptocurrencies. Discusses the institutional framework to ensure choices are sustainable across all dimensions and applications. R. Rigobon, A. Makarin No textbook information available 15.015 Macroeconomic Policy Reforms
(); first half of term
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Focuses on the current policy and economic issues in the US economy. Students propose economic and policy reforms around issues such as labor markets, inflation and central banking, financial regulation, education, health, housing, transportation, social security, democracy, immigration, diversity, and environmental policy. Topics change year to year. In each class, proposals are presented and voted upon by the group. Staff 15.016[J] Climate and Energy in the Global Economy
()
(Same subject as 14.450[J]) Prereq: 14.01, 15.010, 15.011, or 15.024 Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 14.45, 15.0161 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (E62-223) +final
Provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the challenges, opportunities, and policy responses to the global climate and energy crises. Discusses the role of energy in world economies, paying particular attention to low- and middle-income countries, as well as the impacts of climate change on those economies. Considers how access, cost, reliability, and environmental harm drive or hinder economic growth, the political influences on the energy sector, the impacts of climate change on low- and middle-income countries, and the role of energy in mitigating future impacts of climate change. Also discusses global climate solutions, including the role of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change process, trade policy, climate finance, business strategies to reduce emissions, and business strategies to help people adapt to a changing climate. Students taking graduate students complete additional assignments. C. Wolfram No textbook information available 15.0161[J] Climate and Energy in the Global Economy
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| | | 15.00-15.299 | | | 15.30-15.699 | | | 15.70-15.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | | |
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Course 16: Aeronautics and Astronautics |
| | | 16.00-16.599 plus UROP and EP | | | 16.60-16.999 plus THG | | | |
Core Undergraduate Subjects16.001 Unified Engineering: Materials and Structures
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and Physics I (GIR); Coreq: 16.002 and 18.03 Units: 5-1-6
Presents fundamental principles and methods of materials and structures for aerospace engineering, and engineering analysis and design concepts applied to aerospace systems. Topics include statics; analysis of trusses; analysis of statically determinate and indeterminate systems; stress-strain behavior of materials; analysis of beam bending, buckling, and torsion; material and structural failure, including plasticity, fracture, fatigue, and their physical causes. Experiential lab and aerospace system projects provide additional aerospace context. R.A. Radovitzky 16.002 Unified Engineering: Signals and Systems
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR); Coreq: Physics II (GIR), 16.001, and (18.03 or 18.032) Units: 5-1-6
Presents fundamental principles and methods of signals and systems for aerospace engineering, and engineering analysis and design concepts applied to aerospace systems. Topics include linear and time invariant systems; convolution; Fourier and Laplace transform analysis in continuous and discrete time; modulation, filtering, and sampling; and an introduction to feedback control. Experiential lab and system projects provide additional aerospace context. Labs, projects, and assignments involve the use of software such as MATLAB and/or Python. J. How 16.003 Unified Engineering: Fluid Dynamics
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), Physics II (GIR), and (18.03 or 18.032); Coreq: 16.004 Units: 5-1-6 Lecture: MW9,T10,R9-11 (35-225) Lab: TBA
Presents fundamental principles and methods of fluid dynamics for aerospace engineering, and engineering analysis and design concepts applied to aerospace systems. Topics include aircraft and aerodynamic performance, conservation laws for fluid flows, quasi-one-dimensional compressible flows, shock and expansion waves, streamline curvature, potential flow modeling, an introduction to three-dimensional wings and induced drag. Experiential lab and aerospace system projects provide additional aerospace context. D.L. Darmofal, Q. Wang No textbook information available 16.004 Unified Engineering: Thermodynamics and Propulsion
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), Physics II (GIR), and (18.03 or 18.032); Coreq: Chemistry (GIR) and 16.003 Units: 5-1-6 Lecture: MTW10,F9-11 (35-225) Lab: TBA
Presents fundamental principles and methods of thermodynamics for aerospace engineering, and engineering analysis and design concepts applied to aerospace systems. Topics include thermodynamic state of a system, forms of energy, work, heat, the first law of thermodynamics, heat engines, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy and the second law of thermodynamics, ideal and non-ideal cycle analysis, two-phase systems, and introductions to thermochemistry and heat transfer. Experiential lab and aerospace system projects provide additional aerospace context. M. Folk Textbooks (Spring 2025) 16.06 Principles of Automatic Control
()
Prereq: 16.002 Units: 3-1-8 Lecture: MWF11 (35-225) Recitation: R1 (33-319) or R3 (33-319) +final
Introduction to design of feedback control systems. Properties and advantages of feedback systems. Time-domain and frequency-domain performance measures. Stability and degree of stability. Root locus method, Nyquist criterion, frequency-domain design, and some state space methods. Strong emphasis on the synthesis of classical controllers. Application to a variety of aerospace systems. Hands-on experiments using simple robotic systems. J.P. How Textbooks (Spring 2025) 16.07 Dynamics
()
Prereq: (16.001 or 16.002) and (16.003 or 16.004) Units: 4-0-8
Fundamentals of Newtonian mechanics. Kinematics, particle dynamics, motion relative to accelerated reference frames, work and energy, impulse and momentum, systems of particles and rigid body dynamics. Applications to aerospace engineering including introductory topics in orbital mechanics, flight dynamics, inertial navigation and attitude dynamics. R. Linares 16.09 Statistics and Probability
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to statistics and probability with applications to aerospace engineering. Covers essential topics, such as sample space, discrete and continuous random variables, probability distributions, joint and conditional distributions, expectation, transformation of random variables, limit theorems, estimation theory, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, statistical tests, and regression. E.H. Modiano 16.C20[J] Introduction to Computational Science and Engineering
(, ); second half of term
(Same subject as 9.C20[J], 18.C20[J], CSE.C20[J]) Prereq: 6.100A; Coreq: 8.01 and 18.01 Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 6.100B Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3-4.30 (37-212)
Provides an introduction to computational algorithms used throughout engineering and science (natural and social) to simulate time-dependent phenomena; optimize and control systems; and quantify uncertainty in problems involving randomness, including an introduction to probability and statistics. Combination of 6.100A and 16.C20J counts as REST subject. Fall: D.L. Darmofal, N. Seethapathi Spring: L. Demanet, N. Seethapathi No textbook information available Mechanics and Physics of Fluids16.100 Aerodynamics
()
Prereq: 16.003 and 16.004 Units: 3-1-8
Extends fluid mechanic concepts from Unified Engineering to aerodynamic performance of wings and bodies in sub/supersonic regimes. Addresses themes such as subsonic potential flows, including source/vortex panel methods; viscous flows, including laminar and turbulent boundary layers; aerodynamics of airfoils and wings, including thin airfoil theory, lifting line theory, and panel method/interacting boundary layer methods; and supersonic and hypersonic airfoil theory. Material may vary from year to year depending upon focus of design problem. Q. Wang 16.101 Topics in Fluids
(, , ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of department Units arranged
Provides credit for work on undergraduate-level material in fluids outside of regularly scheduled subjects. Intended for transfer credit and study abroad. Credit may be used to satisfy specific degree requirements in the Course 16 and Course 16-ENG programs. Requires prior approval. Consult department. Fall: D.L. Darmofal IAP: D.L. Darmofal Spring: D.L. Darmofal 16.110 Flight Vehicle Aerodynamics
()
Prereq: 16.100 or permission of instructor Units: 3-1-8
Aerodynamic flow modeling and representation techniques. Potential farfield approximations. Airfoil and lifting-surface theory. Laminar and turbulent boundary layers and their effects on aerodynamic flows. Nearfield and farfield force analysis. Subsonic, transonic, and supersonic compressible flows. Experimental methods and measurement techniques. Aerodynamic models for flight dynamics. D.L. Darmofal 16.120 Compressible Internal Flow
()
Prereq: 2.25 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR8.30-10 (31-270)
Internal compressible flow with applications in propulsion and fluid systems. Control volume analysis of compressible flow devices. Compressible channel flow and extensions, including effects of shock waves, momentum, energy and mass addition, swirl, and flow non-uniformity on Mach numbers, flow regimes, and choking. E. M. Greitzer Textbooks (Spring 2025) 16.122 Aerothermodynamics
()
Prereq: 2.25, 18.085, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (33-422) +final
Analysis of external inviscid and viscous hypersonic flows over thin airfoils, lifting bodies of revolution, wedges, cones, and blunt nose bodies. Analyses formulated using singular perturbation and multiple scale methods. Hypersonic equivalence principle. Hypersonic similarity. Newtonian approximation. Curved, detached shock waves. Crocco theorem. Entropy layers. Shock layers. Blast waves. Hypersonic boundary layers. W. L. Harris No textbook information available 16.13 Aerodynamics of Viscous Fluids
()
Prereq: 16.100, 16.110, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (33-319)
Boundary layers as rational approximations to the solutions of exact equations of fluid motion. Physical parameters influencing laminar and turbulent aerodynamic flows and transition. Effects of compressibility, heat conduction, and frame rotation. Influence of boundary layers on outer potential flow and associated stall and drag mechanisms. Numerical solution techniques and exercises. M. Drela No textbook information available 16.18 Fundamentals of Turbulence
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 2.25 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the fundamentals of turbulent flows, i.e., the chaotic motion of gases and liquids, along with the mathematical tools for turbulence research. Topics range from the classic viewpoint of turbulence to the theories developed in the last decade. Combines theory, data science, and numerical simulations, and is designed for a wide audience in the areas of aerospace, mechanical engineering, geophysics, and astrophysics. Staff Materials and Structures16.20 Structural Mechanics
()
Prereq: 16.001 Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (33-418) Recitation: R4 (33-319) +final
Applies solid mechanics to analysis of high-technology structures. Structural design considerations. Review of three-dimensional elasticity theory; stress, strain, anisotropic materials, and heating effects. Two-dimensional plane stress and plane strain problems. Torsion theory for arbitrary sections. Bending of unsymmetrical section and mixed material beams. Bending, shear, and torsion of thin-wall shell beams. Buckling of columns and stability phenomena. Introduction to structural dynamics. Exercises in the design of general and aerospace structures. R. A. Radovitzky No textbook information available 16.201 Topics in Materials and Structures
(, , ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of department Units arranged
Provides credit for undergraduate-level work in materials and structures outside of regularly scheduled subjects. Intended for transfer credit and study abroad. Credit may be used to satisfy specific degree requirements in the Course 16 program. Requires prior approval. Consult M. A. Stuppard. Fall: D.L. Darmofal IAP: D.L. Darmofal Spring: D.L. Darmofal 16.202 Manufacturing with Advanced Composite Materials
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-3-2
Introduces the methods used to manufacture parts made of advanced composite materials with work in the Technology Laboratory for Advanced Composites. Students gain hands-on experience by fabricating, machining, instrumenting, and testing graphite/epoxy specimens. Students also design, build, and test a composite structure as part of a design contest. Lectures supplement laboratory sessions with background information on the nature of composites, curing, composite machining, secondary bonding, and the testing of composites. Staff 16.215[J] Topology Optimization of Structures
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| | | 16.00-16.599 plus UROP and EP | | | 16.60-16.999 plus THG | | | |
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Course 17: Political Science |
| | | 17.00-17.399 | | | 17.40-17.THU | | | |
Political Philosophy/Social Theory17.000[J] Political Philosophy
()
(Same subject as 24.611[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Systematic examination of selected issues in political philosophy. Topic changes each year and subject may be taken repeatedly with permission of instructor. Staff 17.006[J] Feminist Thought
(, )
(Same subject as 24.637[J]) (Subject meets with 17.007[J], 24.137[J], WGS.301[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor, based on previous coursework Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR3.30-5 (66-156)
Analyzes theories of gender and politics, especially ideologies of gender and their construction; definitions of public and private spheres; gender issues in citizenship, the development of the welfare state, experiences of war and revolution, class formation, and the politics of sexuality. Graduate students are expected to pursue the subject in greater depth through reading and individual research. S. Haslanger No textbook information available 17.007[J] Feminist Thought
(, )
(Same subject as 24.137[J], WGS.301[J]) (Subject meets with 17.006[J], 24.637[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR3.30-5 (66-156)
Analyzes theories of gender and politics, especially ideologies of gender and their construction; definitions of public and private spheres; gender issues in citizenship, the development of the welfare state, experiences of war and revolution, class formation, and the politics of sexuality. Graduate students are expected to pursue the subject in greater depth through reading and individual research. Fall: Arain, Hafsa Spring: Arain, Hafsa No required or recommended textbooks 17.01[J] Justice
()
(Same subject as 24.04[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides an introduction to contemporary political thought centered around the ideal of justice and the realities of injustice. Examines what a just society might look like and how we should understand various forms of oppression and domination. Studies three theories of justice (utilitarianism, libertarianism, and egalitarian liberalism) and brings them into conversation with other traditions of political thought (critical theory, communitarianism, republicanism, and post-structuralism). Readings cover foundational debates about equality, freedom, recognition, and power. B. Zacka 17.021[J] Philosophy of Law
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 24.235[J]) Prereq: One philosophy subject or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Examines fundamental issues in philosophy of law, such as the nature and limits of law and a legal system, and the relation of law to morality, with particular emphasis on the philosophical issues and problems associated with privacy, liberty, justice, punishment, and responsibility. Historical and contemporary readings, including court cases. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Enrollment may be limited; preference to Course 24 majors and minors. Staff 17.03 Introduction to Political Thought
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines major texts in the history of political thought and considers how they contribute to a broader conversation about freedom, equality, democracy, rights, and the role of politics in human life. Areas covered may include ancient, modern, contemporary, or American political thought. K. Hoss 17.031 American Political Thought
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines political thought from the American colonial period through the 20th century. Considers the influences that gave rise to American political ideas and the implication of those ideas in a modern context, with particular emphasis on issues of liberty, equality, and the role of values from a liberal democratic lens. K. Hoss 17.035[J] Libertarianism
()
(Same subject as 21H.181[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores the history of the ideal of individual liberty in light of contemporary arguments over the proper scope of the regulatory state. Surveys the political theory of freedom and its relationship to other dominant norms (e.g., property, equality, community, republicanism, innovation, and the pursuit of wealth). Revisits the diversity of modern libertarian movements with attention to issues such as abolitionism and the Civil Rights revolution, religious liberty, the right to bear arms, and LGBTQ rights. Concludes with a set of policy and legal/constitutional debates about the role of government in regulating the financial markets, artificial intelligence, and/or the internet. M. Ghachem 17.04[J] Modern Conceptions of Freedom
()
(Same subject as CC.111[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR3-4.30 (16-160)
Students read early modern political theorists, and trace the growth of the value of freedom. Examines the modern definition of freedom, and the obligations that people accept in honoring it. Also investigates how these obligations are captured in the principles of our political association. Studies how the centrality of freedom plays out in the political thought of such authors as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Burke and Montesquieu. Students also debate which notions of freedom inspire and sustain the American experiment by carefully reading the documents and arguments of the founding of the United States. Preference to students in Concourse. L. Rabieh Textbooks (Spring 2025) 17.043[J] Liberalism, Toleration, and Freedom of Speech
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Course 18: Mathematics |
| | | 18.01-18.499 | | | 18.50-18.THG | | | |
General Mathematics18.01 Calculus
(, ) 
Prereq: None Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 18.01A, CC.1801, ES.1801, ES.181A Lecture: TR11,F2 (2-135) Recitation: MW10 (2-135) +final
Differentiation and integration of functions of one variable, with applications. Informal treatment of limits and continuity. Differentiation: definition, rules, application to graphing, rates, approximations, and extremum problems. Indefinite integration; separable first-order differential equations. Definite integral; fundamental theorem of calculus. Applications of integration to geometry and science. Elementary functions. Techniques of integration. Polar coordinates. L'Hopital's rule. Improper integrals. Infinite series: geometric, p-harmonic, simple comparison tests, power series for some elementary functions. Fall: P. Seidel Spring: T. Rud No required or recommended textbooks 18.01A Calculus
() ; first half of term
Prereq: Knowledge of differentiation and elementary integration Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 18.01, CC.1801, ES.1801, ES.181A
Six-week review of one-variable calculus, emphasizing material not on the high-school AB syllabus: integration techniques and applications, improper integrals, infinite series, applications to other topics, such as probability and statistics, as time permits. Prerequisites: one year of high-school calculus or the equivalent, with a score of 5 on the AB Calculus test (or the AB portion of the BC test, or an equivalent score on a standard international exam), or equivalent college transfer credit, or a passing grade on the first half of the 18.01 advanced standing exam. D. Jerison 18.02 Calculus
(, ) 
Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 18.022, 18.02A, CC.1802, ES.1802, ES.182A Lecture: TR11,F2 (54-100) Recitation: MW10 (2-146) or MW11 (2-146) or MW12 (2-136) or MW1 (2-146) or MW2 (2-146) +final
Calculus of several variables. Vector algebra in 3-space, determinants, matrices. Vector-valued functions of one variable, space motion. Scalar functions of several variables: partial differentiation, gradient, optimization techniques. Double integrals and line integrals in the plane; exact differentials and conservative fields; Green's theorem and applications, triple integrals, line and surface integrals in space, Divergence theorem, Stokes' theorem; applications. Fall: D. Maulik Spring: M. King Textbooks (Spring 2025) 18.02A Calculus
(, , ) ; second half of term
Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 18.02, 18.022, CC.1802, ES.1802, ES.182A Attend any 18.02 recitation. Lecture: TR11,F2 (BEGINS MAR 31) (54-100) Recitation: TBA +final
First half is taught during the last six weeks of the Fall term; covers material in the first half of 18.02 (through double integrals). Second half of 18.02A can be taken either during IAP (daily lectures) or during the second half of the Spring term; it covers the remaining material in 18.02. Fall: J. Bush IAP: J. Bush Spring: M. King Textbooks (IAP 2025); Textbooks (Spring 2025) 18.022 Calculus
()
Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 18.02, 18.02A, CC.1802, ES.1802, ES.182A
Calculus of several variables. Topics as in 18.02 but with more focus on mathematical concepts. Vector algebra, dot product, matrices, determinant. Functions of several variables, continuity, differentiability, derivative. Parametrized curves, arc length, curvature, torsion. Vector fields, gradient, curl, divergence. Multiple integrals, change of variables, line integrals, surface integrals. Stokes' theorem in one, two, and three dimensions. J. Zung 18.03 Differential Equations
(, )
Prereq: None. Coreq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for CC.1803, ES.1803 Lecture: MWF1 (10-250) Recitation: TR9 (2-132) or TR10 (2-147, 26-328) or TR11 (2-139, 2-131, 26-328) or TR12 (2-139, 2-135, 2-131) or TR1 (4-163, 1-375) or TR2 (1-375, 2-131) or TR3 (2-139) +final
Study of differential equations, including modeling physical systems. Solution of first-order ODEs by analytical, graphical, and numerical methods. Linear ODEs with constant coefficients. Complex numbers and exponentials. Inhomogeneous equations: polynomial, sinusoidal, and exponential inputs. Oscillations, damping, resonance. Fourier series. Matrices, eigenvalues, eigenvectors, diagonalization. First order linear systems: normal modes, matrix exponentials, variation of parameters. Heat equation, wave equation. Nonlinear autonomous systems: critical point analysis, phase plane diagrams. Fall: H. Cohn Spring: B. Poonen No textbook information available 18.031 System Functions and the Laplace Transform
()
Prereq: None. Coreq: 18.03 Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Studies basic continuous control theory as well as representation of functions in the complex frequency domain. Covers generalized functions, unit impulse response, and convolution; and Laplace transform, system (or transfer) function, and the pole diagram. Includes examples from mechanical and electrical engineering. S. Nadimpalli No required or recommended textbooks 18.032 Differential Equations
()
Prereq: None. Coreq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: MWF1 (2-142) Recitation: TR11 (2-142) +final
Covers much of the same material as 18.03 with more emphasis on theory. The point of view is rigorous and results are proven. Local existence and uniqueness of solutions. A. Lawrie No textbook information available 18.04 Complex Variables with Applications
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and (18.03 or 18.032) Units: 4-0-8 Credit cannot also be received for 18.075, 18.0751
Complex algebra and functions; analyticity; contour integration, Cauchy's theorem; singularities, Taylor and Laurent series; residues, evaluation of integrals; multivalued functions, potential theory in two dimensions; Fourier analysis, Laplace transforms, and partial differential equations. J. Dunkel 18.05 Introduction to Probability and Statistics
()
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR2.30-4,F4 (32-082) or TR1-2.30,F2 (32-082) +final
A unified introduction to probability, Bayesian inference, and frequentist statistics. Topics include: combinatorics, random variables, (joint) distributions, covariance, central limit theorem; Bayesian updating, odds, posterior prediction; significance tests, confidence intervals, bootstrapping, regression. Students also develop computational skills and statistical thinking by using R to simulate, analyze, and visualize data; and by exploring privacy, fairness, and causality in contemporary media and research. Flipped subject taught in a Technology Enabled Active Learning (TEAL) classroom to facilitate discussion, group problem solving, and coding studios with ample mentorship. J. Bloom No textbook information available 18.06 Linear Algebra
(, )
Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 4-0-8 Credit cannot also be received for 6.C06, 18.700, 18.C06, ES.1806 Lecture: MWF10 (26-100) Recitation: T9 (2-131) or T11 (2-136, 4-159) or T12 (4-159, 2-105) or T1 (2-132, 2-135) or T2 (2-132) or T3 (2-361) or T10 (2-131, 2-132) +final
Basic subject on matrix theory and linear algebra, emphasizing topics useful in other disciplines, including systems of equations, vector spaces, determinants, eigenvalues, singular value decomposition, and positive definite matrices. Applications to least-squares approximations, stability of differential equations, networks, Fourier transforms, and Markov processes. Uses linear algebra software. Compared with 18.700, more emphasis on matrix algorithms and many applications. Fall: W. Minicozzi Spring: N. Sun Textbooks (Spring 2025) 18.C06[J] Linear Algebra and Optimization
()
(Same subject as 6.C06[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 18.06, 18.700, ES.1806
Introductory course in linear algebra and optimization, assuming no prior exposure to linear algebra and starting from the basics, including vectors, matrices, eigenvalues, singular values, and least squares. Covers the basics in optimization including convex optimization, linear/quadratic programming, gradient descent, and regularization, building on insights from linear algebra. Explores a variety of applications in science and engineering, where the tools developed give powerful ways to understand complex systems and also extract structure from data. S. Johnson 18.062[J] Mathematics for Computer Science
(, )
(Same subject as 6.1200[J]) Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (26-100) Recitation: WF10 (38-166, 36-155) or WF11 (38-166, 36-155, 26-168) or WF12 (38-166, 36-156, 26-168) or WF1 (38-166, 36-156, 35-310) or WF2 (38-166, 36-156, 35-308) or WF3 (38-166, 36-156) +final
Elementary discrete mathematics for science and engineering, with a focus on mathematical tools and proof techniques useful in computer science. Topics include logical notation, sets, relations, elementary graph theory, state machines and invariants, induction and proofs by contradiction, recurrences, asymptotic notation, elementary analysis of algorithms, elementary number theory and cryptography, permutations and combinations, counting tools, and discrete probability. Fall: Z. Abel Spring: Z. Abel No textbook information available 18.063 Matrix Calculus for Machine Learning and Beyond
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| | | 18.01-18.499 | | | 18.50-18.THG | | | |
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Course 20: Biological Engineering |
| | | 20.00-20.ZZZZ | | | |
20.001 Introduction to Professional Success and Leadership in Biological Engineering
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Interactive introduction to the discipline of Biological Engineering through presentations by alumni practitioners, with additional panels and discussions on skills for professional development. Presentations emphasize the roles of communication through writing and speaking, building and maintaining professional networks, and interpersonal and leadership skills in building successful careers. Provides practical advice about how to prepare for job searches and graduate or professional school applications from an informed viewpoint. Prepares students for UROPs, internships, and selection of BE electives. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. P. Blainey, L. Griffith 20.002 Introduction to Concepts in Biological Engineering
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: M2 (16-220)
Introduction to scientific advances in the field of biological engineering. Topics covered include drug discovery and delivery, applications of genetic engineering, creation and uses of biomaterials, and development of biological technology to mitigate human disease and environmental problems. Discusses each selected topic from different angles, highlighting research conducted from the nano- to macro- level to highlight the breadth of biological engineering applications. Students have the opportunity to select a topic of interest and explore that topic in more depth. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Preference given to first-year students. B. Meyer No required or recommended textbooks 20.005 Ethics for Engineers
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 1.082, 2.900, 6.9320, 7.105, 10.01, 16.676 Lecture: M3-5 (66-148) or T3-5 (66-148) or W3-5 (66-148) or W EVE (7-9 PM) (66-148)
Explores how to be an ethical engineer. Students examine engineering case studies along with foundational ethical readings, and investigate which ethical approaches are best and how to apply them as engineers. Topics include justice, rights, cost-benefit analysis, safety, bias, genetic engineering, climate change, and the promise and peril of AI. Discussion-based. All sections cover the same core ethical frameworks, but some sections have a particular focus for engineering case studies, such as Computer Science or Bioengineering. Students are eligible to take any section of the course, regardless of their registered course number. The subject is taught in separate sections. For 20.005, students additionally undertake an ethical-technical analysis of a BE-related topic of their choosing. Fall: D. Lauffenburger, P. Hansen Spring: P. Hansen, L. Guarente, D. Lauffenburger, K. Hansen No textbook information available 20.010 Introduction to Experimentation in BE
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Teaches students to ask research questions and use the steps in the experimental method to test hypotheses. Introduces best practices in basic data analysis and interpretation. Additional topics include exploring experimental failures, unexpected results, and troubleshooting. Goal is to prepare students for undergraduate research opportunities and laboratory-based coursework. This is a discussion-based subject and is dependent on group participation. Preference to first- and second-year students. N. Lyell 20.020 Introduction to Biological Engineering Design Using Synthetic Biology
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-4-3 Lecture: TR2 (26-168) Lab: TR3-5 (26-035)
Project-based introduction to the engineering of synthetic biological systems. Throughout the term, students develop projects that are responsive to real-world problems of their choosing, and whose solutions depend on biological technologies. Lectures, discussions, and studio exercises introduce components and control of prokaryotic and eukaryotic behavior; DNA synthesis, standards, and abstraction in biological engineering; and issues of human practice, including biological safety, security, ethics and ownership, sharing, and innovation. Students may have the option to continue projects for participation in the iGEM competition. Preference to first-year students. J. Buck No textbook information available 20.051 Introduction to NEET: Living Machines
(, )
Prereq: Biology (GIR), Calculus II (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), and Physics I (GIR) Units: 2-2-2 Lecture: WF4 (4-153) Lab: TBA
Focuses on physiomimetics: transforming therapeutic strategy and development. Overview of development of therapies for complex diseases, including disease mechanisms in heterogeneous patient populations, developing therapeutic strategies, modeling these in vitro, and testing the therapies. Explores the five essential technological contributions to this process: computational systems biology, synthetic biology, immuno-engineering, microphysiological systems devices/tissue engineering, and microfluidic device engineering for in vitro models and analysis. Introduces disease modeling, patient stratification, and drug development processes, includes extensive examples from industry, and provides context for choosing a concentration track in the Living Machines thread. Weekly lectures from experts in the field supplemented with structured, short projects in each topic area. Limited to 24; preference to students in the NEET Living Machines thread. Fall: L. Griffith, M. Salek Spring: L. Griffith, M. Salek No textbook information available 20.054 NEET - Living Machines Research Immersion
(, )
Prereq: 20.051 Units arranged Lecture: W EVE (7 PM) (56-169)
A structured lab research experience in a specific Living Machines track. Students identify a project in a participating research lab, on a topic related to the five tracks in the NEET Living Machines program, propose a project related to the drug development theme, and prepare interim and final presentations and reports while conducting the project. Links to industry-sponsored research projects at MIT are encouraged. Project proposal must be submitted and approved in the term prior to enrollment. Limited to students in the NEET Living Machines thread. Fall: L. Griffith, M. Salek Spring: L. Griffith, M. Salek No textbook information available 20.101 Metakaryotic Biology and Epidemiology
()
(Subject meets with 20.A02) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4
Introduces non-eukaryotic, "metakaryotic" cells with hollow bell-shaped nuclei that serve as the stem cells of human fetal/juvenile growth and development as well as of tumors and atherosclerotic plaques. Studies the relationship of lifetime growth and mutations of metakaryotic stem cells to age-specific death rates. Considers the biological bases of treatment protocols found to kill metakaryotic cancer stem cells in vitro and in human pancreatic cancers in vivo. W. Thilly 20.102 Metakaryotic Stem Cells in Carcinogenesis: Origins and Cures
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 20.215) Prereq: Biology (GIR), Calculus II (GIR), and Chemistry (GIR) Units: 3-0-9
Metakaryotic stem cells of organogenesis, wound healing, and the pathogenic lesions of cancers and atherosclerotic plaques. Metakaryotic cell resistance to x-ray- and chemo-therapies. Common drug treatment protocols lethal to metakaryotic cancer stem cells in vivo first clinical trial against pancreatic cancer. Application of a hypermutable/mutator stem cell model to the age-specific mortality from clonal diseases, and the expected responses to metakaryocidal drugs in attempted cure and prevention of tumors or atherosclerotic plaques. Students taking 20.215 responsible for de novo computer modeling. W. Thilly 20.104[J] Environmental Cancer Risks, Prevention, and Therapy
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 1.081[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR), Calculus II (GIR), and Chemistry (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 Subject Cancelled
Analysis of the history of cancer and vascular disease mortality rates in predominantly European- and African-American US cohorts, 1895-2016, to discover specific historical shifts. Explored in terms of contemporaneously changing environmental risk factors: air-, food- and water-borne chemicals; subclinical infections; diet and lifestyles. Special section on occupational risk factors. Considers the hypotheses that genetic and/or environmental factors affect metakaryotic stem cell mutation rates in fetuses and juveniles and/or their growth rates of preneoplastic in adults. W. Thilly, R. McCunney 20.106[J] Applied Microbiology
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 1.084[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) and Chemistry (GIR) Units: 3-0-9
Introductory microbiology from a systems perspective - considers microbial diversity and the integration of data from a molecular, cellular, organismal, and ecological context to understand the interaction of microbial organisms with their environment. Special emphasis on specific viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic microorganisms and their interaction with animal hosts with focus on contemporary problems in areas such as vaccination, emerging disease, antimicrobial drug resistance, and toxicology. J. Niles, K. Ribbeck 20.109 Laboratory Fundamentals in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: Biology (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), 6.100B, 18.03, and 20.110 Units: 2-8-5 Lecture: TR11 (4-237) Lab: TR1-5 (56-322) or WF1-5 (56-322)
Introduces experimental biochemical and molecular techniques from a quantitative engineering perspective. Experimental design, data analysis, and scientific communication form the underpinnings of this subject. In this, students complete discovery-based experimental modules drawn from current technologies and active research projects of BE faculty. Generally, topics include DNA engineering, in which students design, construct, and use genetic material; parts engineering, emphasizing protein design and quantitative assessment of protein performance; systems engineering, which considers genome-wide consequences of genetic perturbations; and biomaterials engineering, in which students use biologically-encoded devices to design and build materials. Enrollment limited; priority to Course 20 majors. Fall: N. Lyell, B. Engelward, B.Meyer, J. Zhan, H. Xu Spring: N. Lyell, A. Koehler, A. Belcher, B. Meyer, J. Zhan, H. Xu No textbook information available 20.110[J] Thermodynamics of Biomolecular Systems
()
(Same subject as 2.772[J]) Prereq: (Biology (GIR), Calculus II (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), and Physics I (GIR)) or permission of instructor Units: 5-0-7
Equilibrium properties of macroscopic and microscopic systems. Basic thermodynamics: state of a system, state variables. Work, heat, first law of thermodynamics, thermochemistry. Second and third law of thermodynamics: entropy and its statistical basis, Gibbs function. Chemical equilibrium of reactions in gas and solution phase. Macromolecular structure and interactions in solution. Driving forces for molecular self-assembly. Binding cooperativity, solvation, titration of macromolecules. M. Birnbaum, P. Blainey, S. Manalis 20.129[J] Biological Circuit Engineering Laboratory
()
(Same subject as 6.4880[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) and Calculus II (GIR) Units: 2-8-2 Lecture: MW12 (4-163) Lab: MW1-3 (26-035) or MW3-5 (26-035) Recitation: MW1-3 (26-168) or MW3-5 (24-121)
Students assemble individual genes and regulatory elements into larger-scale circuits; they experimentally characterize these circuits in yeast cells using quantitative techniques, including flow cytometry, and model their results computationally. Emphasizes concepts and techniques to perform independent experimental and computational synthetic biology research. Discusses current literature and ongoing research in the field of synthetic biology. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Enrollment limited. J. Niles, R. Weiss, J. Buck No textbook information available 20.200 Biological Engineering Seminar
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: F12 (32-155)
Weekly one-hour seminars covering graduate student research and presentations by invited speakers. Fall: B. Bryson, B. Engelward Spring: B. Bryson, B. Engelward No textbook information available 20.201 Fundamentals of Drug Development
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MW1.30-3 (56-614) Recitation: F1.30 (56-614)
Team-based exploration of the scientific basis for developing new drugs. First portion of term covers fundamentals of target identification, drug discovery, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, regulatory policy, and intellectual property. Industry experts and academic entrepreneurs then present case studies of specific drugs, drug classes, and therapeutic targets. In a term-long project, student teams develop novel therapeutics to solve major unmet medical needs, with a trajectory to a "start-up" company. Culminates with team presentations to a panel of industry and scientific leaders. Fall: P. C. Dedon, R. Sasisekharan Spring: P. C. Dedon, R. Sasisekharan No textbook information available 20.202 In vivo Models: Principles and Practices
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-1-4
Selected aspects of anatomy, histology, immuno-cytochemistry, in situ hybridization, physiology, and cell biology of mammalian organisms and their pathogens. Subject material integrated with principles of toxicology, in vivo genetic engineering, and molecular biology. A lab/demonstration period each week involves experiments in anatomy (in vivo), physiology, and microscopy to augment the lectures. Offered first half of spring term. J. Fox 20.203[J] Neurotechnology in Action
()
(Same subject as 9.123[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-6-3 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (46-4062)
Offers a fast-paced introduction to numerous laboratory methods at the forefront of modern neurobiology. Comprises a sequence of modules focusing on neurotechnologies that are developed and used by MIT research groups. Each module consists of a background lecture and 1-2 days of firsthand laboratory experience. Topics typically include optical imaging, optogenetics, high throughput neurobiology, MRI/fMRI, advanced electrophysiology, viral and genetic tools, and connectomics. E. Boyden, M. Jonas No textbook information available 20.205[J] Principles and Applications of Genetic Engineering for Biotechnology and Neuroscience
()
(Same subject as 9.26[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: F10-1 (BROAD INSTITUT)
Covers principles underlying current and future genetic engineering approaches, ranging from single cellular organisms to whole animals. Focuses on development and invention of technologies for engineering biological systems at the genomic level, and applications of engineered biological systems for medical and biotechnological needs, with particular emphasis on genetic manipulation of the nervous system. Design projects by students. F. Zhang No textbook information available 20.213 Genome Stability and Engineering in the Context of Diseases, Drugs, and Public Health
(); second half of term
Prereq: 5.07, 7.05, or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW9-11 (56-167)
Examines the chemistry and biological consequences of DNA damaging agents present endogenously and in our air, food, and water. In addition, discusses DNA damaging agents that are used as chemotherapeutics. Explores the underlying molecular processes of DNA repair pathways and their roles in cancer, neurological disorders, aging, CRISPR gene editing, and antibody diversification. Investigates how heritable differences in DNA repair capacity, in combination with environmental exposures, impact genome instability and downstream diseases. Emphasis is placed on how these processes relate to environmental justice and public health. B. P. Engelward No textbook information available 20.215 Macroepidemiology, Population Genetics, and Stem Cell Biology of Human Clonal Diseases
()
(Subject meets with 20.102) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and 1.00 Units: 3-0-15
Studies the logic and technology needed to discover genetic and environmental risks for common human cancers and vascular diseases. Includes an introduction to metakaryotic stem cell biology. Analyzes large, organized historical public health databases using quantitative cascade computer models that include population stratification of stem cell mutation rates in fetal/juvenile tissues and growth rates in preneoplastic colonies and atherosclerotic plaques. Means to test hypotheses (CAST) that certain genes carry mutations conferring risk for common cancers via genetic analyses in large human cohorts. Involves de novo computer modeling of a lifetime disease experience or test of a student-developed hypothesis. W. G. Thilly 20.219 Selected Topics in Biological Engineering
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Detailed discussion of selected topics of current interest. Classwork in various areas not covered by regular subjects. Staff 20.230[J] Immunology
()
(Same subject as 7.23[J]) (Subject meets with 7.63[J], 20.630[J]) Prereq: 7.06 Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (4-370) Recitation: W12 (56-167) or W EVE (7 PM) (66-168) or R4 (66-160) or T4 (66-160)
Comprehensive survey of molecular, genetic, and cellular aspects of the immune system. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; cells and organs of the immune system; hematopoiesis; immunoglobulin, T cell receptor, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and genes; development and functions of B and T lymphocytes; immune responses to infections and tumors; hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiencies. Particular attention to the development and function of the immune system as a whole, as studied by modern methods and techniques. Students taking graduate version explore the subject in greater depth, including study of recent primary literature. S.Spranger, M. Birnbaum Textbooks (Spring 2025) 20.260 Computational Analysis of Biological Data
()
(Subject meets with 20.460) Prereq: 6.100A or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR1-3 (16-220)
Presents foundational methods for analysis of complex biological datasets. Covers fundamental concepts in probability, statistics, and linear algebra underlying computational tools that enable generation of biological insights. Assignments focus on practical examples spanning basic science and medical applications. Assumes basic knowledge of calculus and programming (experience with MATLAB, Python, or R is recommended). Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. D. Lauffenburger, F. White No textbook information available 20.265 Genetics for Biological Engineering
(); second half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 6.100A or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3
Covers topics in genetics from an engineering perspective. Designed to be taken before, concurrently with, or after a traditional genetics class. Focuses primarily on the quantitative methods and algorithms used in genetics and genomics. Provides a strong foundation in genomics and bioinformatics and prepares students, through real-world problem-solving, for upper-level classes in those topics. Basics of modern genomics tools and approaches -- including RNAseq, high-throughout genome sequencing, genome-wide association studies, metagenomics, and others -- presented. Requires some experience with Python programming. Staff 20.305[J] Principles of Synthetic Biology
()
(Same subject as 6.8721[J]) (Subject meets with 6.8720[J], 20.405[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the basics of synthetic biology, including quantitative cellular network characterization and modeling. Considers the discovery and genetic factoring of useful cellular activities into reusable functions for design. Emphasizes the principles of biomolecular system design and diagnosis of designed systems. Illustrates cutting-edge applications in synthetic biology and enhances skills in analysis and design of synthetic biological applications. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. Weiss 20.309[J] Instrumentation and Measurement for Biological Systems
(, )
(Same subject as 2.673[J]) (Subject meets with 20.409) Prereq: (Biology (GIR), Physics II (GIR), 6.100B, and 18.03) or permission of instructor Units: 3-6-3 Lecture: TRF12 (4-237) Lab: TBA
Sensing and measurement aimed at quantitative molecular/cell/tissue analysis in terms of genetic, biochemical, and biophysical properties. Methods include light and fluorescence microscopies, and electro-mechanical probes (atomic force microscopy, optical traps, MEMS devices). Application of statistics, probability, signal and noise analysis, and Fourier techniques to experimental data. Enrollment limited; preference to Course 20 undergraduates. Fall: M. Jonas, S. Wasserman Spring: E. Boyden, A. Hansen, P. Brooks, M. Jonas, S. Wasserman No textbook information available 20.310[J] Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Biomechanics
()
(Same subject as 2.797[J], 3.053[J], 6.4840[J]) (Subject meets with 2.798[J], 3.971[J], 6.4842[J], 10.537[J], 20.410[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) and 18.03 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (4-237) Recitation: TBA
Develops and applies scaling laws and the methods of continuum mechanics to biomechanical phenomena over a range of length scales. Topics include structure of tissues and the molecular basis for macroscopic properties; chemical and electrical effects on mechanical behavior; cell mechanics, motility and adhesion; biomembranes; biomolecular mechanics and molecular motors. Experimental methods for probing structures at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. M. Bathe, P. So, R. Raman No textbook information available 20.315 Physical Biology
(, )Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 20.415) Prereq: 5.60, 20.110, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 8.241
Focuses on current major research topics in quantitative, physical biology. Covers synthetic structural biology, synthetic cell biology, microbial systems biology and evolution, cellular decision making, neuronal circuits, and development and morphogenesis. Emphasizes current motivation and historical background, state-of-the-art measurement methodologies and techniques, and quantitative physical modeling frameworks. Experimental techniques include structural biology, next-generation sequencing, fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy, and quantitative biochemistry. Modeling approaches include stochastic rate equations, statistical thermodynamics, and statistical inference. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. 20.315 and 20.415 meet with 8.241 when offered concurrently. M. Bathe 20.320 Analysis of Biomolecular and Cellular Systems
()
Prereq: 6.100B, 18.03, and 20.110; Coreq: 5.07 or 7.05 Units: 4-0-8
Analysis of molecular and cellular processes across a hierarchy of scales, including genetic, molecular, cellular, and cell population levels. Topics include gene sequence analysis, molecular modeling, metabolic and gene regulation networks, signal transduction pathways and cell populations in tissues. Emphasis on experimental methods, quantitative analysis, and computational modeling. Lauffenburger, Stark, White 20.330[J] Fields, Forces and Flows in Biological Systems
()
(Same subject as 2.793[J], 6.4830[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR), Physics II (GIR), and 18.03 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MWF11 (4-163) Recitation: M12 (56-191) or T4 (56-167) or W12 (56-154) or R4 (56-162) +final
Introduction to electric fields, fluid flows, transport phenomena and their application to biological systems. Flux and continuity laws, Maxwell's equations, electro-quasistatics, electro-chemical-mechanical driving forces, conservation of mass and momentum, Navier-Stokes flows, and electrokinetics. Applications include biomolecular transport in tissues, electrophoresis, and microfluidics. J. Han, S. Manalis No textbook information available 20.334 Biological Systems Modeling
(); first half of term
Prereq: 20.330 or permission of instructor Units: 1-0-5
Practices the use of modern numerical analysis tools (e.g., COMSOL) for biological systems with multi-physics behavior. Covers modeling of diffusion, reaction, convection and other transport mechanisms. Analysis of microfluidic devices as examples. Discusses practical issues and challenges in numerical modeling. No prior knowledge of modeling software required. Includes weekly modeling homework and one final modeling project. J. Han 20.345 Bioinstrumentation Project Lab
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 20.309, (Biology (GIR) and (2.004 or 6.3000)), or permission of instructor Units: 2-7-3
In-depth examination of instrumentation design, principles and techniques for studying biological systems, from single molecules to entire organisms. Lectures cover optics, advanced microscopy techniques, electronics for biological measurement, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, MEMs, microfluidic devices, and limits of detection. Students select two lab exercises during the first half of the semester and complete a final design project in the second half. Lab emphasizes design process and skillful realization of a robust system. Enrollment limited; preference to Course 20 majors and minors. E. Boyden, A. Jasanoff, P. So, M. Jonas, J. Sutton, S. Wasserman 20.352 Principles of Neuroengineering
()
(Subject meets with 9.422[J], 20.452[J], MAS.881[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers how to innovate technologies for brain analysis and engineering, for accelerating the basic understanding of the brain, and leading to new therapeutic insight and inventions. Focuses on using physical, chemical and biological principles to understand technology design criteria governing ability to observe and alter brain structure and function. Topics include optogenetics, noninvasive brain imaging and stimulation, nanotechnologies, stem cells and tissue engineering, and advanced molecular and structural imaging technologies. Includes design projects. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Designed for students with engineering maturity who are ready for design. E. S. Boyden, III 20.361[J] Molecular and Engineering Aspects of Biotechnology
()
(Same subject as 7.37[J], 10.441[J]) Prereq: (7.06 and (2.005, 3.012, 5.60, or 20.110)) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Credit cannot also be received for 7.371
Covers biological and bioengineering principles underlying the development and therapeutic use of recombinant proteins and stem cells; glycoengineering of recombinant proteins; normal and pathological signaling by growth factors and their receptors; receptor trafficking; monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics; protein pharmacology and delivery; stem cell-derived tissues as therapeutics; RNA therapeutics; combinatorial protein engineering; and new antitumor drugs. Staff 20.363[J] Biomaterials Science and Engineering
()
(Same subject as 3.055[J]) (Subject meets with 3.963[J], 20.463[J]) Prereq: 20.110 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers, at a molecular scale, the analysis and design of materials used in contact with biological systems, and biomimetic strategies aimed at creating new materials based on principles found in biology. Topics include molecular interaction between bio- and synthetic molecules and surfaces; design, synthesis, and processing approaches for materials that control cell functions; and application of materials science to problems in tissue engineering, drug delivery, vaccines, and cell-guiding surfaces. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. K. Ribbeck 20.365 Engineering the Immune System in Cancer and Beyond
()
(Subject meets with 20.465) Prereq: (5.60 or 20.110) and permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR9-10.30 (16-220)
Examines strategies in clinical and preclinical development for manipulating the immune system to treat and protect against disease. Begins with brief review of immune system. Discusses interaction of tumors with the immune system, followed by approaches by which the immune system can be modulated to attack cancer. Also covers strategies based in biotechnology, chemistry, materials science, and molecular biology to induce immune responses to treat infection, transplantation, and autoimmunity. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. J. Stark, D. Witrrup No required or recommended textbooks 20.370[J] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing
()
(Same subject as 2.791[J], 6.4810[J], 9.21[J]) (Subject meets with 2.794[J], 6.4812[J], 9.021[J], 20.470[J], HST.541[J]) Prereq: (Physics II (GIR), 18.03, and (2.005, 6.2000, 6.3000, 10.301, or 20.110)) or permission of instructor Units: 5-2-5 Subject Cancelled
Integrated overview of the biophysics of cells from prokaryotes to neurons, with a focus on mass transport and electrical signal generation across cell membrane. First third of course focuses on mass transport through membranes: diffusion, osmosis, chemically mediated, and active transport. Second third focuses on electrical properties of cells: ion transport to action potential generation and propagation in electrically excitable cells. Synaptic transmission. Electrical properties interpreted via kinetic and molecular properties of single voltage-gated ion channels. Final third focuses on biophysics of synaptic transmission and introduction to neural computing. Laboratory and computer exercises illustrate the concepts. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Preference to juniors and seniors. Staff 20.373 Foundations of Cell Therapy Manufacturing
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 20.473) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Seminar examines cell therapy manufacturing, the ex vivo production of human cells to be delivered to humans as a product for medical benefit. Includes a review of cell biology and immunology. Addresses topics such as governmental regulations applying to cell therapy production; the manufacture of cell-based therapeutics, including cell culture unit operations, genetic engineering or editing of cells; process engineering of cell therapy products; and the analytics of cell therapy manufacturing processes. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 20.375 Applied Developmental Biology and Tissue Engineering
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 20.475) Prereq: (7.06, 20.320, and (7.003 or 20.109)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Addresses the integration of engineering and biology design principles to create human tissues and organs for regenerative medicine to drug development. Provides an overview of embryogenesis, how morphogenic phenomena are governed by biochemical and biophysical cues. Analyzes <em>in vitro</em> generation of human brain, gut, and other organoids from stem cells. Studies the roles of biomaterials and microreactors in improving organoid formation and function; organoid use in modeling disease and physiology <em>in vitro</em>; and engineering and biological principles of reconstructing tissues and organs from postnatal donor cells using biomaterials scaffolds and bioreactors. Includes select applications, such as liver disease, brain disorders, and others. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. L. Griffith, D. Lauffenburger 20.380 Biological Engineering Design
(, )
Prereq: 7.06, 20.320, and 20.330 Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: TR9-12 (56-614)
Illustrates how knowledge and principles of biology, biochemistry, and engineering are integrated to create new products for societal benefit. Uses case study format to examine recently developed products of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries: how a product evolves from initial idea, through patents, testing, evaluation, production, and marketing. Emphasizes scientific and engineering principles, as well as the responsibility scientists, engineers, and business executives have for the consequences of their technology. Instruction and practice in written and oral communication provided. Enrollment limited; preference to Course 20 undergraduates. Fall: J. Collins, A. Koehler, J. Buck, H. Xu Spring: A. Belcher, K. Metcalf-Pate, P. Bhargava No textbook information available 20.381 Biological Engineering Design II
()
Prereq: 20.380 or permission of instructor Units: 0-12-0 Meets in 26-035. TBA.
Continuation of 20.380 that focuses on practical implementation of design proposals. Student teams choose a feasible scope of work related to their 20.380 design proposals and execute it in the lab. J. Buck No textbook information available 20.385 Design in Synthetic Biology
()
Prereq: (20.020, 20.109, and 20.320) or permission of instructor Units: 3-3-3 Lecture: TR12 (66-160) Lab: TR3-5 (26-035)
Provides an understanding of the state of research in synthetic biology and development of project management skills. Critical evaluation of primary research literature covering a range of approaches to the design, modeling and programming of cellular behaviors. Focuses on developing the skills needed to read, present and discuss primary research literature, and to manage and lead small teams. Students mentor a small undergraduate team of 20.020 students. Open to advanced students with appropriate background in biology. Students may have the option to continue projects for participation in the iGEM competition. J. Buck No textbook information available 20.390[J] Computational Systems Biology: Deep Learning in the Life Sciences
()
(Same subject as 6.8711[J]) (Subject meets with 6.8710[J], 20.490, HST.506[J]) Prereq: (6.100B and 7.05) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR12.30-2 (10-250)
Presents innovative approaches to computational problems in the life sciences, focusing on deep learning-based approaches with comparisons to conventional methods. Topics include protein-DNA interaction, chromatin accessibility, regulatory variant interpretation, medical image understanding, medical record understanding, therapeutic design, and experiment design (the choice and interpretation of interventions). Focuses on machine learning model selection, robustness, and interpretation. Teams complete a multidisciplinary final research project using TensorFlow or other framework. Provides a comprehensive introduction to each life sciences problem, but relies upon students understanding probabilistic problem formulations. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. Alm, B. Berger No textbook information available 20.405[J] Principles of Synthetic Biology
()
(Same subject as 6.8720[J]) (Subject meets with 6.8721[J], 20.305[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the basics of synthetic biology, including quantitative cellular network characterization and modeling. Considers the discovery and genetic factoring of useful cellular activities into reusable functions for design. Emphasizes the principles of biomolecular system design and diagnosis of designed systems. Illustrates cutting-edge applications in synthetic biology and enhances skills in analysis and design of synthetic biological applications. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. Weiss 20.409 Biological Engineering II: Instrumentation and Measurement
(, )
(Subject meets with 2.673[J], 20.309[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-7-3 Lecture: TRF12 (4-237) Lab: TBA
Sensing and measurement aimed at quantitative molecular/cell/tissue analysis in terms of genetic, biochemical, and biophysical properties. Methods include light and fluorescence microscopies, electronic circuits, and electro-mechanical probes (atomic force microscopy, optical traps, MEMS devices). Application of statistics, probability, signal and noise analysis, and Fourier techniques to experimental data. Limited to 5 graduate students. E. Boyden, A. Hansen, P. Brooks, M. Jonas, S. Wasserman No textbook information available 20.410[J] Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Biomechanics
()
(Same subject as 2.798[J], 3.971[J], 6.4842[J], 10.537[J]) (Subject meets with 2.797[J], 3.053[J], 6.4840[J], 20.310[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) and 18.03 Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (4-237)
Develops and applies scaling laws and the methods of continuum mechanics to biomechanical phenomena over a range of length scales. Topics include structure of tissues and the molecular basis for macroscopic properties; chemical and electrical effects on mechanical behavior; cell mechanics, motility and adhesion; biomembranes; biomolecular mechanics and molecular motors. Experimental methods for probing structures at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. M. Bathe, P. So, R. Raman No textbook information available 20.415 Physical Biology
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 20.315) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 8.241
Focuses on current major research topics in quantitative, physical biology. Topics include synthetic structural biology, synthetic cell biology, microbial systems biology and evolution, cellular decision making, neuronal circuits, and development and morphogenesis. Emphasizes current motivation and historical background, state-of-the-art measurement methodologies and techniques, and quantitative physical modeling frameworks. Experimental techniques include structural biology, next-generation sequencing, fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy, and quantitative biochemistry. Modeling approaches include stochastic rate equations, statistical thermodynamics, and statistical inference. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. 20.315 and 20.415 meet with 8.241 when offered concurrently. Staff 20.416[J] Topics in Biophysics and Physical Biology
()
(Same subject as 7.74[J], 8.590[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 [P/D/F]
Provides broad exposure to research in biophysics and physical biology, with emphasis on the critical evaluation of scientific literature. Weekly meetings include in-depth discussion of scientific literature led by distinct faculty on active research topics. Each session also includes brief discussion of non-research topics including effective presentation skills, writing papers and fellowship proposals, choosing scientific and technical research topics, time management, and scientific ethics. J. Gore, N. Fakhri 20.420[J] Principles of Molecular Bioengineering
()
(Same subject as 10.538[J]) Prereq: 7.06 and 18.03 Units: 3-0-9
Provides an introduction to the mechanistic analysis and engineering of biomolecules and biomolecular systems. Covers methods for measuring, modeling, and manipulating systems, including biophysical experimental tools, computational modeling approaches, and molecular design. Equips students to take systematic and quantitative approaches to the investigation of a wide variety of biological phenomena. A. Jasanoff, E. Fraenkel 20.430[J] Fields, Forces, and Flows in Biological Systems
()
(Same subject as 2.795[J], 6.4832[J], 10.539[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Molecular diffusion, diffusion-reaction, conduction, convection in biological systems; fields in heterogeneous media; electrical double layers; Maxwell stress tensor, electrical forces in physiological systems. Fluid and solid continua: equations of motion useful for porous, hydrated biological tissues. Case studies of membrane transport, electrode interfaces, electrical, mechanical, and chemical transduction in tissues, convective-diffusion/reaction, electrophoretic, electroosmotic flows in tissues/MEMs, and ECG. Electromechanical and physicochemical interactions in cells and biomaterials; musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and other biological and clinical examples. Prior undergraduate coursework in transport recommended. C. Buie, A. Hansen 20.440 Analysis of Biological Networks
()
Prereq: 20.420 and permission of instructor Units: 6-0-9 Lecture: MW2-3.30 (32-124) Recitation: F2-3.30 (32-124)
Explores computational and experimental approaches to analyzing complex biological networks and systems. Includes genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microscopy. Stresses the practical considerations required when designing and performing experiments. Also focuses on selection and implementation of appropriate computational tools for processing, visualizing, and integrating different types of experimental data, including supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, and multi-omics modelling. Students use statistical methods to test hypotheses and assess the validity of conclusions. In problem sets, students read current literature, develop their skills in Python and R, and interpret quantitative results in a biological manner. In the second half of term, students work in groups to complete a project in which they apply the computational approaches covered. B. Bryson, P. Blainey No textbook information available 20.445[J] Methods and Problems in Microbiology
()
(Same subject as 1.86[J], 7.492[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Students will read and discuss primary literature covering key areas of microbial research with emphasis on methods and approaches used to understand and manipulate microbes. Preference to first-year Microbiology and Biology students. M. Laub, Staff 20.446[J] Microbial Genetics and Evolution
()
(Same subject as 1.87[J], 7.493[J], 12.493[J]) Prereq: 7.03, 7.05, or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Covers aspects of microbial genetic and genomic analyses, central dogma, horizontal gene transfer, and evolution. A. Grossman, O. Cordero 20.450 Applied Microbiology
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: (20.420 and 20.440) or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Compares the complex molecular and cellular interactions in health and disease between commensal microbial communities, pathogens and the human or animal host. Special focus is given to current research on microbe/host interactions, infection of significant importance to public health, and chronic infectious disease. Classwork will include lecture, but emphasize critical evaluation and class discussion of recent scientific papers, and the development of new research agendas in the fields presented. J. Niles, K. Ribbeck 20.452[J] Principles of Neuroengineering
()
(Same subject as 9.422[J], MAS.881[J]) (Subject meets with 20.352) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers how to innovate technologies for brain analysis and engineering, for accelerating the basic understanding of the brain, and leading to new therapeutic insight and inventions. Focuses on using physical, chemical and biological principles to understand technology design criteria governing ability to observe and alter brain structure and function. Topics include optogenetics, noninvasive brain imaging and stimulation, nanotechnologies, stem cells and tissue engineering, and advanced molecular and structural imaging technologies. Includes design projects. Designed for students with engineering maturity who are ready for design. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. S. Boyden, III 20.454[J] Revolutionary Ventures: How to Invent and Deploy Transformative Technologies
()
(Same subject as 9.455[J], 15.128[J], MAS.883[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-7
Seminar on envisioning and building ideas and organizations to accelerate engineering revolutions. Focuses on emerging technology domains, such as neurotechnology, imaging, cryotechnology, gerontechnology, and bio-and-nano fabrication. Draws on historical examples as well as live case studies of existing or emerging organizations, including labs, institutes, startups, and companies. Goals range from accelerating basic science to developing transformative products or therapeutics. Each class is devoted to a specific area, often with invited speakers, exploring issues from the deeply technical through the strategic. Individually or in small groups, students prototype new ventures aimed at inventing and deploying revolutionary technologies. E. Boyden, J. Bonsen, J. Jacobson 20.460 Computational Analysis of Biological Data
()
(Subject meets with 20.260) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR1-3 (16-220)
Presents foundational methods for analysis of complex biological datasets. Covers fundamental concepts in probability, statistics, and linear algebra underlying computational tools that enable generation of biological insights. Assignments focus on practical examples spanning basic science and medical applications. Assumes basic knowledge of calculus and programming (experience with MATLAB, Python, or R is recommended). Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. D. Lauffenburger, F. White No textbook information available 20.463[J] Biomaterials Science and Engineering
()
(Same subject as 3.963[J]) (Subject meets with 3.055[J], 20.363[J]) Prereq: 20.110 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers, at a molecular scale, the analysis and design of materials used in contact with biological systems, and biomimetic strategies aimed at creating new materials based on principles found in biology. Topics include molecular interaction between bio- and synthetic molecules and surfaces; design, synthesis, and processing approaches for materials that control cell functions; and application of materials science to problems in tissue engineering, drug delivery, vaccines, and cell-guiding surfaces. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. K. Ribbeck 20.465 Engineering the Immune System in Cancer and Beyond
()
(Subject meets with 20.365) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR9-10.30 (16-220)
Examines strategies in clinical and preclinical development for manipulating the immune system to treat and protect against disease. Begins with brief review of immune system. Discusses interaction of tumors with the immune system, followed by approaches by which the immune system can be modulated to attack cancer. Also covers strategies based in biotechnology, chemistry, materials science, and molecular biology to induce immune responses to treat infection, transplantation, and autoimmunity. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. J. Stark, D. Wittrup No textbook information available 20.470[J] Cellular Neurophysiology and Computing
()
(Same subject as 2.794[J], 6.4812[J], 9.021[J], HST.541[J]) (Subject meets with 2.791[J], 6.4810[J], 9.21[J], 20.370[J]) Prereq: (Physics II (GIR), 18.03, and (2.005, 6.2000, 6.3000, 10.301, or 20.110)) or permission of instructor Units: 5-2-5 Subject Cancelled
Integrated overview of the biophysics of cells from prokaryotes to neurons, with a focus on mass transport and electrical signal generation across cell membrane. First third of course focuses on mass transport through membranes: diffusion, osmosis, chemically mediated, and active transport. Second third focuses on electrical properties of cells: ion transport to action potential generation and propagation in electrically excitable cells. Synaptic transmission. Electrical properties interpreted via kinetic and molecular properties of single voltage-gated ion channels. Final third focuses on biophysics of synaptic transmission and introduction to neural computing. Laboratory and computer exercises illustrate the concepts. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Staff 20.473 Foundations of Cell Therapy Manufacturing
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 20.373) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Seminar examines cell therapy manufacturing, the ex vivo production of human cells to be delivered to humans as a product for medical benefit. Includes a review of cell biology and immunology. Addresses topics such as governmental regulations applying to cell therapy production; the manufacture of cell-based therapeutics, including cell culture unit operations, genetic engineering or editing of cells; process engineering of cell therapy products; and the analytics of cell therapy manufacturing processes. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 20.475 Applied Developmental Biology and Tissue Engineering
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 20.375) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
This subject addresses the integration of engineering and biology design principles to create human tissues and organs for regenerative medicine to drug development. Overview of embryogenesis; how morphogenic phenomena are governed by biochemical and biophysical cues. Analysis of in vitro generation of human brain, gut, and other organoids from stem cells. Roles of biomaterials and microreactors in improving organoid formation and function. Organoid use in modeling disease and physiology in vitro. Engineering and biological principles of reconstructing tissues and organs from postnatal donor cells using biomaterials scaffolds and bioreactors. Select applications such as liver disease, brain disorders, and others. Graduate students will have additional assignments. L. Griffith, D. Lauffenburger 20.486[J] Case Studies and Strategies in Drug Discovery and Development
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 7.549[J], 15.137[J], HST.916[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4
Aims to develop appreciation for the stages of drug discovery and development, from target identification, to the submission of preclinical and clinical data to regulatory authorities for marketing approval. Following introductory lectures on the process of drug development, students working in small teams analyze how one of four new drugs or drug candidates traversed the discovery/development landscape. For each case, an outside expert from the sponsoring drug company or pivotal clinical trial principal investigator provides guidance and critiques the teams' presentations to the class. A. W. Wood 20.487[J] Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Biology and Medicine
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 2.715[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the theory and the design of optical microscopy and its applications in biology and medicine. The course starts from an overview of basic optical principles allowing an understanding of microscopic image formation and common contrast modalities such as dark field, phase, and DIC. Advanced microscopy imaging techniques such as total internal reflection, confocal, and multiphoton will also be discussed. Quantitative analysis of biochemical microenvironment using spectroscopic techniques based on fluorescence, second harmonic, Raman signals will be covered. We will also provide an overview of key image processing techniques for microscopic data. Staff 20.490 Computational Systems Biology: Deep Learning in the Life Sciences
()
(Subject meets with 6.8710[J], 6.8711[J], 20.390[J], HST.506[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR) and (6.041 or 18.600) Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR12.30-2 (10-250)
Presents innovative approaches to computational problems in the life sciences, focusing on deep learning-based approaches with comparisons to conventional methods. Topics include protein-DNA interaction, chromatin accessibility, regulatory variant interpretation, medical image understanding, medical record understanding, therapeutic design, and experiment design (the choice and interpretation of interventions). Focuses on machine learning model selection, robustness, and interpretation. Teams complete a multidisciplinary final research project using TensorFlow or other framework. Provides a comprehensive introduction to each life sciences problem, but relies upon students understanding probabilistic problem formulations. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. Alm, B. Berger No textbook information available 20.507[J] Introduction to Biological Chemistry
()
(Same subject as 5.07[J]) Prereq: 5.12 Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 7.05
Chemical and physical properties of the cell and its building blocks. Structures of proteins and principles of catalysis. The chemistry of organic/inorganic cofactors required for chemical transformations within the cell. Basic principles of metabolism and regulation in pathways, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis/degradation, pentose phosphate pathway, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, and transcription and translation. X. Wang, O. Johnson 20.535[J] Protein Engineering
()
(Same subject as 10.535[J]) Prereq: 18.03 and (5.07 or 7.05) Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the field of protein engineering. Develops understanding of key biophysical chemistry concepts in protein structure/function and their applications. Explores formulation of simple kinetic, statistical, and transport models for directed evolution and drug biodistribution. Students read and critically discuss seminal papers from the literature. K. D. Wittrup 20.554[J] Advances in Chemical Biology
()
(Same subject as 5.54[J], 7.540[J]) Prereq: 5.07, 5.13, 7.06, and permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to current research at the interface of chemistry, biology, and bioengineering. Topics include imaging of biological processes, metabolic pathway engineering, protein engineering, mechanisms of DNA damage, RNA structure and function, macromolecular machines, protein misfolding and disease, metabolomics, and methods for analyzing signaling network dynamics. Lectures are interspersed with class discussions and student presentations based on current literature. L. Kiessling, O. Johnson 20.560 Statistics for Biological Engineering
(); second half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-2 [P/D/F]
Provides basic tools for analyzing experimental data, interpreting statistical reports in the literature, and reasoning under uncertain situations. Topics include probability theory, statistical tests, data exploration, Bayesian statistics, and machine learning. Emphasizes discussion and hands-on learning. Experience with MATLAB, Python, or R recommended. E. Alm, D. Lauffenburger 20.561[J] Eukaryotic Cell Biology: Principles and Practice
()
(Same subject as 7.61[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Emphasizes methods and logic used to analyze structure and function of eukaryotic cells in diverse systems (e.g., yeast, fly, worm, mouse, human; development, stem cells, neurons). Combines lectures and in-depth roundtable discussions of literature readings with the active participation of faculty experts. Focuses on membranes (structure, function, traffic), organelles, the cell surface, signal transduction, cytoskeleton, cell motility and extracellular matrix. Ranges from basic studies to applications to human disease, while stressing critical analysis of experimental approaches. Enrollment limited. M. Krieger, M. Yaffe 20.586[J] Science and Business of Biotechnology
()
(Same subject as 7.546[J], 15.480[J]) Prereq: None. Coreq: 15.401; permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: R EVE (3-6 PM) (Whitehead-AUDITORIUM) Recitation: T4 (68-180) or T EVE (5 PM) (68-180)
Covers the new types of drugs and other therapeutics in current practice and under development, the financing and business structures of early-stage biotechnology companies, and the evaluation of their risk/reward profiles. Includes a series of live case studies with industry leaders of both established and emerging biotechnology companies as guest speakers, focusing on the underlying science and engineering as well as core financing and business issues. Students must possess a basic background in cellular and molecular biology. J. Chen, A. Koehler, A. Lo, H. Lodish No textbook information available 20.630[J] Immunology
()
(Same subject as 7.63[J]) (Subject meets with 7.23[J], 20.230[J]) Prereq: 7.06 and permission of instructor Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: MW9.30-11 (4-370) Recitation: W12 (56-167) or W EVE (7 PM) (66-168) or R4 (66-160) or T4 (66-160)
Comprehensive survey of molecular, genetic, and cellular aspects of the immune system. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; cells and organs of the immune system; hematopoiesis; immunoglobulin, T cell receptor, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and genes; development and functions of B and T lymphocytes; immune responses to infections and tumors; hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiencies. Particular attention to the development and function of the immune system as a whole, as studied by modern methods and techniques. Students taking graduate version explore the subject in greater depth, including study of recent primary literature. S. Spranger, M. Birnbaum No textbook information available 20.902 Independent Study in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Opportunity for independent study under regular supervision by a faculty member. Projects require prior approval, as well as a substantive paper. Minimum 12 units required. Fall: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.903 Independent Study in Biological Engineering
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Opportunity for independent study under regular supervision by a faculty member. Projects require prior approval, as well as a substantive paper. Minimum 6-12 units required. Fall: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.920 Practical Work Experience
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units: 0-1-0 [P/D/F] TBA.
For Course 20 students participating in off-campus professional experiences in biological engineering. Before registering for this subject, students must have an offer from a company or organization and must identify a BE advisor. Upon completion, student must submit a letter from the company or organization describing the experience, along with a substantive final report from the student approved by the MIT advisor. Subject to departmental approval. Consult departmental undergraduate office. Fall: D. Fares IAP: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.930[J] Research Experience in Biopharma
()
(Same subject as 7.930[J], CSB.930[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-10-0
Provides exposure to industrial science and develops skills necessary for success in such an environment. Under the guidance of an industrial mentor, students participate in on-site research at a local biopharmaceutical company where they observe and participate in industrial science. Serves as a real-time case study to internalize the factors that shape R&D in industry, including the purpose and scope of a project, key decision points in the past and future, and strategies for execution. Students utilize company resources and work with a scientific team to contribute to the goals of their assigned project; they then present project results to the company and class, emphasizing the logic that dictated their work and their ideas for future directions. Lecture component focuses on professional development. Burge, Engelward, Meyer 20.945 Practical Experience in Biological Engineering
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units: 0-1-0 [P/D/F] TBA.
For Course 20 doctoral students participating in off-campus research, academic experiences, or internships in biological engineering. For internship experiences, an offer of employment from a company or organization is required prior to enrollment; employers must document work accomplished. A written report is required upon completion of a minimum of four weeks of off-campus experience. Proposals must be approved by department. Fall: F. White IAP: F. White Spring: Staff No required or recommended textbooks 20.950 Research Problems in Biological Engineering
(, , , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Directed research in the fields of bioengineering and environmental health. Limited to BE students. Fall: D. Fares IAP: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.951 Thesis Proposal
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-24-0 [P/D/F] TBA.
Thesis proposal research and presentation to the thesis committee. Fall: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.960 Teaching Experience in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
For qualified graduate students interested in teaching. Tutorial, laboratory, or classroom teaching under the supervision of a faculty member. Enrollment limited by availability of suitable teaching assignments. Fall: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.BME Undergraduate Research in Biomedical Engineering
(, )
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Individual research project with biomedical or clinical focus, arranged with appropriate faculty member or approved advisor. Forms and instructions for the proposal and final report are available in the BE Undergraduate Office. Fall: J. Han Spring: J. Han No textbook information available 20.C01[J] Machine Learning for Molecular Engineering
()
(Same subject as 3.C01[J], 10.C01[J]) (Subject meets with 3.C51[J], 7.C01, 7.C51, 10.C51[J], 20.C51[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C01 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Building on core material in 6.C01, provides an introduction to the use of machine learning to solve problems arising in the science and engineering of biology, chemistry, and materials. Equips students to design and implement machine learning approaches to challenges such as analysis of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc.), microscopy, spectroscopy, or crystallography data and design of new molecules and materials such as drugs, catalysts, polymer, alloys, ceramics, and proteins. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C01. R. Gomez-Bombarelli, C. Coley, E. Fraenkel, J. Davis No textbook information available 20.C51[J] Machine Learning for Molecular Engineering
()
(Same subject as 3.C51[J], 10.C51[J]) (Subject meets with 3.C01[J], 7.C01, 7.C51, 10.C01[J], 20.C01[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C51 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Building on core material in 6.C51, provides an introduction to the use of machine learning to solve problems arising in the science and engineering of biology, chemistry, and materials. Equips students to design and implement machine learning approaches to challenges such as analysis of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc.), microscopy, spectroscopy, or crystallography data and design of new molecules and materials such as drugs, catalysts, polymer, alloys, ceramics, and proteins. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. R. Gomez-Bombarelli, C. Coley, E. Fraenkel, J. Davis No textbook information available 20.EPE UPOP Engineering Practice Experience
(, , )
Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.EPE, 2.EPE, 3.EPE, 6.EPE, 8.EPE, 10.EPE, 15.EPE, 16.EPE, 20.EPE, 22.EPE) Prereq: None Units: 0-0-1 [P/D/F] Lab: M11 (3-333) or M1 (1-390) or T1 (3-333) or F11 (3-333) or F1 (3-333)
Provides students with skills to prepare for and excel in the world of industry. Emphasizes practical application of career theory and professional development concepts. Introduces students to relevant and timely resources for career development, provides students with tools to embark on a successful internship search, and offers networking opportunities with employers and MIT alumni. Students work in groups, led by industry mentors, to improve their resumes and cover letters, interviewing skills, networking abilities, project management, and ability to give and receive feedback. Objective is for students to be able to adapt and contribute effectively to their future employment organizations. A total of two units of credit is awarded for completion of the fall and subsequent spring term offerings. Application required; consult UPOP website for more information. Fall: T. DeRoche. M. Vazquez Sanchez IAP: T. DeRoche. M. Vazquez Sanchez Spring: T. DeRoche. M. Vazquez Sanchez No textbook information available 20.EPW UPOP Engineering Practice Workshop
(, , )
Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.EPW, 2.EPW, 3.EPW, 6.EPW, 10.EPW, 16.EPW, 20.EPW, 22.EPW) Prereq: 2.EPE Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F] Lab: TBA
Provides sophomores across all majors with opportunities to develop and practice communication, teamwork, and problem-solving skills to become successful professionals in the workplace, particularly in preparation for their summer industry internship. This immersive, multi-day Team Training Workshop (TTW) is comprised of experiential learning modules focused on expanding skills in areas that employers report being most valuable in the workplace. Modules are led by MIT faculty with the help of MIT alumni and other senior industry professionals. Skills applied through creative simulations, team problem-solving challenges, oral presentations, and networking sessions with prospective employers. Enrollment limited to those in the UPOP program. Fall: M. Vazquez Sanchez, T. DeRoche IAP: M.Vazquez Sanchez, T.DeRoche Spring: T. DeRoche. M. Vazquez Sanchez No textbook information available 20.S900 Special Subject in Biological Engineering
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Detailed discussion of selected topics of current interest. Classwork in various areas not covered by regular subjects. Fall: E. Alm Spring: D. Fares Summer: Staff No required or recommended textbooks 20.S901 Special Subject in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: None Units arranged Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR9.30-11 (36-155) Lab: M12-2 (68-077) or M3-5 (68-077) +final
Detailed discussion of selected topics of current interest. Classwork in various areas not covered by regular subjects. Fall: B. Bryson Spring: N. Lyell No textbook information available 20.S940 Special Subject in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Detailed discussion of selected topics of current interest. Classwork in various areas not covered by regular subjects. Fall: J. Han Spring: Staff No textbook information available 20.S947 Special Subject in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Detailed discussion of selected topics of current interest. Classwork in various areas not covered by regular subjects. Fall: J. Han Spring: Staff No textbook information available 20.S948 Special Subject in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Detailed discussion of selected topics of current interest. Classwork in various areas not covered by regular subjects. Fall: E. Alm Spring: Staff No required or recommended textbooks 20.S949 Special Subject in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Detailed discussion of selected topics of current interest. Classwork in various areas not covered by regular subjects. Fall: Staff Spring: Staff No required or recommended textbooks 20.S952 Special Subject in Biological Engineering
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] Lecture: R EVE (4-6 PM) (32-155)
Detailed discussion of selected topics of current interest. Classwork in various areas not covered by regular subjects. Fall: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.THG Graduate Thesis
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Program of research leading to the writing of an SM or PhD thesis; to be arranged by the student and the MIT faculty advisor. Fall: D. Fares IAP: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.THU Undergraduate BE Thesis
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Prereq: None Units arranged TBA.
Program of research leading to the writing of an SB thesis; to be arranged by the student under approved supervision. Fall: H. Xu IAP: H. Xu Spring: H. Xu No required or recommended textbooks (IAP 2025); Textbooks arranged individually (Spring 2025) 20.UR Undergraduate Research Opportunities
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Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Laboratory research in the fields of bioengineering or environmental health. May be extended over multiple terms. Fall: D. Fares IAP: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks 20.URG Undergraduate Research Opportunities
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Prereq: None Units arranged TBA.
Emphasizes direct and active involvement in laboratory research in bioengineering or environmental health. May be extended over multiple terms. Fall: D. Fares IAP: D. Fares Spring: D. Fares No required or recommended textbooks |
| | | 20.00-20.ZZZZ | | | |
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Course 21: Humanities
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Research subjects are also offered by programs within the Department of Humanities: Anthropology (21A), Comparative Media Studies/Writing (CMS/21W), Global Studies and Languages (21G), History (21H), Literature (21L), Music and Theater Arts (21M/21T), Science, Technology, and Society (STS), and Women's and Gender Studies (WGS). Consult those listings for details. 21.00 SHASS Exploration
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F]
Provides a better understanding of what the humanities, arts, and social sciences at MIT are all about. Each week, a different faculty member from a SHASS unit discusses their research, giving students a sense of what they might expect from a major, minor, or concentration in their field. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Staff 21.01 Compass Course: Moral and Social Questions about the Human Condition
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| | | 21.TH-21.URG | | | |
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Course 21A: Anthropology |
| | | 21A.00-21A.999 | | | |
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The anthropology subjects described below are grouped within six areas: Core Subjects; Culture, Politics, and Identities; Bodies, Health, and Environment; Science, Technology, and Media; Research Methods in Anthropology; and Independent Study, Special Subjects, and Thesis. Core Subjects21A.00 Introduction to Anthropology: Comparing Human Cultures
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (56-154)
Through the comparative study of different cultures, anthropology explores fundamental questions about what it means to be human. Seeks to understand how culture shapes societies, from the smallest island in the South Pacific to the largest Asian metropolis, and affects the way institutions work, from scientific laboratories to Christian mega-churches. Provides a framework for analyzing diverse facets of human experience, such as gender, ethnicity, language, politics, economics, and art. M. Thompson No textbook information available 21A.01 How Culture Works
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces diverse meanings and uses of the concept of culture with historical and contemporary examples from scholarship and popular media around the globe. Includes first-hand observations, synthesized histories and ethnographies, quantitative representations, and visual and fictionalized accounts of human experiences. Students conduct empirical research on cultural differences through the systematic observation of human interaction, employ methods of interpretative analysis, and practice convincing others of the accuracy of their findings. M. Buyandelger 21A.157 The Meaning of Life
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (56-114)
Examines how a variety of cultural traditions propose answers to the question of how to live a meaningful life. Considers the meaning of life, not as a philosophical abstraction, but as a question that individuals grapple with in their daily lives, facing difficult decisions between meeting and defying cultural expectations. Provides tools for thinking about moral decisions as social and historical practices, and permits students to compare and contextualize the ways people in different times and places approach fundamental ethical concerns. M. Buyandelger, H. Paxson No textbook information available Culture, Politics, and Identities21A.103[J] The Science of Race, Sex, and Gender
()
(Same subject as STS.046[J], WGS.225[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the role of science and medicine in the origins and evolution of the concepts of race, sex, and gender from the 17th century to the present. Focus on how biological, anthropological, and medical concepts intersect with social, cultural, and political ideas about racial, sexual, and gender difference in the US and globally. Approach is historical and comparative across disciplines emphasizing the different modes of explanation and use of evidence in each field. A. Sur 21A.104 Memory, Culture, and Forgetting
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-7
Introduces scholarly debates about the sociocultural practices through which individuals and societies create, sustain, recall, and erase memories. Emphasis is given to the history of knowledge, construction of memory, the role of authorities in shaping memory, and how societies decide on whose versions of memory are more "truthful" and "real." Other topics include how memory works in the human brain, memory and trauma, amnesia, memory practices in the sciences, false memory, sites of memory, and the commodification of memory. M. Buyandelger 21A.111[J] For Love and Money: Rethinking the Family
()
(Same subject as WGS.172[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW11-12.30 (1-135) +final
Cross-cultural case studies introduce students to the anthropological study of the social institutions and symbolic meanings of family, gender, and sexuality. Investigates the different forms families and households take and considers their social, emotional, and economic dynamics. Analyzes how various expectations for, and experiences of, family life are rooted in or challenged by particular conceptions of gender and sexuality. Addresses questions surrounding what it means to be a "man" or a "woman," as well as a family member, in different social contexts. H. Arain No required or recommended textbooks 21A.120 American Dream: Exploring Class in the US
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the "American Dream" — the belief that all individuals and groups can succeed in the US through hard work and determination — in light of decreasing social mobility, increasing inequality, and shifting patterns of immigration. Focuses on how people use storytelling — such as oral narrative, memoirs, home movies, family photo albums, and novels — to reflect on their day-to-day experience of social class in the United States. Considers how social class intersects with other aspects of identity, such as race, ethnicity, and gender. Students undertake research projects and class assignments using oral histories, interviews, and analysis of archival records. C. Walley 21A.127[J] Power: Interpersonal, Organizational, and Global Dimensions
()
(Same subject as 11.045[J], 15.302[J], 17.045[J]) (Subject meets with 21A.129) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
The study of power among individuals and within organizations, markets, and states. Using examples from anthropology and sociology alongside classical and contemporary social theory, explores the nature of dominant and subordinate relationships, types of legitimate authority, and practices of resistance. Examines how people are influenced in subtle ways by those around them, who makes controlling decisions in the family, how people get ahead at work, and whether democracies, in fact, reflect the will of the people. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. S. Silbey 21A.129 Power: Interpersonal, Organizational, and Global Dimensions
()
(Subject meets with 11.045[J], 15.302[J], 17.045[J], 21A.127[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
The study of power among individuals and within organizations, markets, and states. Using examples from anthropology and sociology alongside classical and contemporary social theory, explores the nature of dominant and subordinate relationships, types of legitimate authority, and practices of resistance. Examines how people are influenced in subtle ways by those around them, who makes controlling decisions in the family, how people get ahead at work, and whether democracies, in fact, reflect the will of the people. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. S. Silbey 21A.130[J] Introduction to Latin American Studies
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(Same subject as 17.55[J], 21G.084[J], 21H.170[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.784) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines contemporary Latin American culture, politics, and history. Surveys geography, economic development, and race, religion, and gender in Latin America. Special emphasis on the Salvadoran civil war, human rights and military rule in Argentina and Chile, and migration from Central America and Mexico to the United States. Students analyze films, literature, visual art, journalism, historical documents, and social scientific research. T. Padilla 21A.131[J] Latinx in the Age of Empire
()
(Same subject as 21H.270[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Analyzes the histories and presence of the Latinx population in the context of US territorial expansion, foreign intervention and economic policy toward Latin America. Combines both historical and anthropological approaches to analyze local conditions that lead people to migrate within the broader forces of international political economy. Pays attention to the historical context in the home countries, especially as impacted by US policy. Explores Latinx community dynamics, politics of migrant labor, relational formations of race and transnational forms of belonging. Historically and ethnographically seeks to understand structures of criminalization, activist practices of resistance and the development of deportation regimes. H. Beltran, T. Padilla 21A.132[J] Race and Migration in Europe
()
(Same subject as 21G.058[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.418) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Subject Cancelled
Addresses the shifting politics of nation, ethnicity, and race in the context of migration and globalization in Germany and Europe. Provides students with analytical tools to approach global concerns and consider Europe and Germany from cross-cultural and interdisciplinary perspectives. Familiarizes students with the ways in which histories of migration, travel, and colonial encounters shape contemporary Europe. Introduces the concepts of transnationalism, diasporic cultures, racism, ethnicity, asylum, and mobility via case studies and materials, including film, ethnography, fiction, and autobiography. Taught in English. Limited to 18. B. Stoetzer 21A.133 Latin American Migrations
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| | | 21A.00-21A.999 | | | |
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Comparative Media Studies |
| | | CMS.00-CMS.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | | |
Undergraduate SubjectsCMS.100 Introduction to Media Studies
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW EVE (7-8.30 PM) (1-371) or MW10-11.30 (1-375)
Offers an overview of the social, cultural, political, and economic impact of mediated communication on modern culture. Combines critical discussions with experiments working with different media. Media covered include radio, television, film, the printed word, and digital technologies. Topics include the nature and function of media, core media institutions, and media in transition. Enrollment limited. Fall: C. Lee, E. Schiappa, O. Padilla Spring: P. Duong, A. Gibson No textbook information available CMS.125[J] Liberalism, Toleration, and Freedom of Speech
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| | | CMS.00-CMS.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | | |
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Course 21W: Writing |
| | | 21W.000-21W.749 | | | 21W.750-21W.999 plus Thesis, UROP | | | |
First-Year Writing SubjectsFirst-year writing subjects provide a foundation for future communication-intensive subjects, and also function as a starting point for concentrating, minoring, or majoring in Writing. While the topical focus of writing assignments varies across these subjects, all first-year writing subjects develop students' understanding of genre, audience, argument, discourse, source use, and writing process. All written work goes through stages of drafting, peer review, and revision. Because these subjects are limited to 15 students per section, students receive detailed feedback at all stages of the writing process, and have many opportunities for individual conferences with instructors. Active class participation and short oral presentations are required. 21W.011 Writing and Rhetoric: Rhetoric and Contemporary Issues
(, ) 
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.012, 21W.013, 21W.014, 21W.015, 21W.016 Lecture: TR EVE (7-8.30 PM) (8-119)
Provides the opportunity for students - as readers, viewers, writers, and speakers - to engage with social and ethical issues they care deeply about. Explores perspectives on a range of social issues, such as the responsibilities of citizens, freedom of expression, poverty and homelessness, mental illness, the challenges of an aging society, the politics of food, and racial and gender inequality. Discusses rhetorical strategies that aim to increase awareness of social problems; to educate the public about different perspectives on contemporary issues; and to persuade readers of the value of particular positions on, or solutions to, social problems. Students analyze selected texts and photographs, as well as documentary and feature films, that represent or dramatize social problems or issues. Students also write essays about social and ethical issues of their own choice. Limited to 15. Fall: A. Walsh Spring: A. Walsh No textbook information available 21W.012 Writing and Rhetoric: Food for Thought
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.011, 21W.013, 21W.014, 21W.015, 21W.016
Explores many of the issues that surround food as both material fact and personal and cultural symbol. Includes non-fiction works on topics such as family meals, food's ability to awaken us to "our own powers of enjoyment" (M.F.K. Fisher), and eating as an "agricultural act" (W. Berry). Students read Michael Pollan's best-selling book In Defense of Food and discuss the issues it raises about America's food supply and eating habits, as well as the rhetorical strategies it employs. Assignments include narratives, analytical essays, and research-based essays. Limited to 15. L. Roldan 21W.013 Writing and Rhetoric: Introduction to Contemporary Rhetoric
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.011, 21W.012, 21W.014, 21W.015, 21W.016
Considers how rhetoric shapes current events in politics, science, and society. Students study rhetoric as a theoretical framework for developing persuasive arguments, as a method of analyzing written, oral, and visual texts, and as a mode of human inquiry. Assignments include analytical, persuasive, and research-based essays, as well as oral presentations, group discussions, and debates. Readings drawn from political speeches, scientific arguments, and popular media. Limited to 15. L. Harrison-Lepera 21W.014 Writing and Rhetoric: Exploring Visual Media
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.011, 21W.012, 21W.013, 21W.015, 21W.016
Explores the rhetoric of visual media and the meaning of the digital revolution. Students analyze readings and films and discuss the power of media in defining social issues and shaping ideas of self, family, and community. They also write essays that sharpen skills in analyzing visual rhetoric, developing and supporting arguments, and using sources. Limited to 18. Staff 21W.015 Writing and Rhetoric: Writing about Sports
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.011, 21W.012, 21W.013, 21W.014, 21W.016 Lecture: TR12-1.30 (E17-136)
Examines the role of sports in our individual lives and American culture at large. Considers a broad range of issues, such as heroism and ethical conundrums, gender equality, steroids, and the proper role of sports in college life. Examples of high-quality, descriptive and analytic sports writing serve as the focus for class discussion and as models for student essays. Limited to 15. A. Karatsolis No textbook information available 21W.016 Writing and Rhetoric: Making Change
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.011, 21W.012, 21W.013, 21W.014, 21W.015
Explores how we use rhetoric in text, visuals, and other modes to make meaning. Uses analysis, composition, and debate about rhetorical strategies to develop theoretical and empirical knowledge of how design choices shape our texts and our understanding of the world. Limited to 15. J. Stickgold-Sarah 21W.021 Writing and Experience: MIT Inside, Live
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.022
Acting as participant-observers, students investigate MIT's history and culture through visits to the Institute's archives and museums, relevant readings, and depictions of MIT in popular culture. Students chronicle their experiences and insights through a variety of writing projects, culminating in the completion of a portfolio. Limited to 15. J. Graziano 21W.022 Writing and Experience: Reading and Writing Autobiography
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Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.021 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (E17-136) or TR3-4.30 (8-119)
Draws on a range of autobiographical writing as examples for students to analyze. Students write essays that focus on their own experience, exploring topics such as intellectual growth and development, the childhood and high school years, life at MIT, the influence of place upon one's personality and character, and the role politics and religion play in one's life. Emphasizes clarity, specificity, and structure; investigates various modes of writing (narrative, analytical, expository) and their suitability for different purposes. Limited to 15. Fall: C. Beimford, L. Harrison Lepera, N. Jackson Spring: L. Harrison Lepera, A. Walsh Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21W.031 Science Writing and New Media: Explorations in Communicating about Science and Technology
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.034, 21W.035, 21W.036 Lecture: TR12.30-2 (56-180)
Examines principles of good writing, focusing on those associated with scientific and technical writing. Considers the effects of new media as an avenue for communicating about science. Students discuss scientific articles and essays and work in small groups to critique each other's writing. Assignments include a critical review, a science essay for the general public, and a research or service project proposal. Students choose topics that reflect their background and interests. Formal and informal presentations and group discussions develop oral communication skills. Limited to 15. Fall: M. Trice, J. Melvold Spring: J. Melvold No textbook information available 21W.034 Science Writing and New Media: Perspectives on Medicine and Public Health
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.031, 21W.035, 21W.036
Public health topics, such as AIDS, asthma, malaria control, obesity, and sleep deprivation, provide a unifying focus as students explore diverse modes of science writing. Readings include essays by such writers as Atul Gawande, Danielle Ofri, Jerome Groopman, and William Carlos Williams, as well as peer-reviewed journal articles. Assignments include a critical review, a scientific literature review, a brochure suitable for general distribution, an autobiographical narrative, a resume, a job application letter, and oral presentations. Limited to 18. Staff 21W.035 Science Writing and New Media: Elements of Science Writing for the Public
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.031, 21W.034, 21W.036 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (56-180)
Introduces ways of communicating scientific information meaningfully to public audiences, and teaches features that distinguish science writing for the public from scientific writing aimed at experts. Discussions analyze various forms of popular science communication to identify rhetorical strategies that engage and educate readers of varying backgrounds and identities. Students write about topics they are genuinely interested in related to science, medicine, technology, and/or engineering. Assignments incorporate primary and secondary background research, drafting, presentations, peer review, and revision. Limited to 15. Fall: R. Thorndike-Breeze, E. Kallestinova Spring: A. Carleton, E. Kallestinova No required or recommended textbooks 21W.036 Science Writing and New Media: Writing and the Environment
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for 21W.031, 21W.034, 21W.035
Develops written and oral communication skills through the study and practice of environmental science writing. Covers a wide range of genres, including such standard forms as the scientific literature review. Students adapt the content of their papers and oral presentations to the distinctive needs of specific audiences. Assignments provide thematic coherence and a basis for independent student research. Limited to 15. Staff 21W.041[J] Writing About Literature
(, )
(Same subject as 21L.000[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-000j-writing-about-literature/ Lecture: TR1-2.30 (4-251)
Intensive focus on the reading and writing skills used to analyze literary texts such as poems by Emily Dickinson, Shakespeare or Langston Hughes; short stories by Chekhov, Joyce, or Alice Walker; and a short novel by Melville or Toni Morrison. Designed not only to prepare students for further work in writing and literary and media study, but also to provide increased confidence and pleasure in their reading, writing, and analytical skills. Students write or revise essays weekly. Enrollment limited. Fall: C. Doyle Spring: N. Jackson Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21W.042[J] Writing with Shakespeare
()
(Same subject as 21L.010[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on writing and speaking using Shakespeare as a model and means for mastery of English language skills. Emphasizes the development of students' ability to write clearly and effectively in a range of genres with an awareness of audience. Designed to increase students' confidence and pleasure in verbal communication and analysis of language. Students write frequently, give and receive feedback, improve their work through revision, and participate actively in class discussions and presentations. Enrollment limited. D. Henderson 21W.051 Emotional Intelligence and Team Communication
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| | | 21W.000-21W.749 | | | 21W.750-21W.999 plus Thesis, UROP | | | |
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Course 21G: Global Languages |
| | | Taught in English | | | Chinese | | | French | | | German | | | Japanese | | | Italian | | | Portuguese | | | Russian | | |
| | | Korean | | | Arabic | | | Spanish & Special Subjects | | | |
First Year Discovery21G.013 Discovering Multilingual Boston: Voices of Immigrant Communities
(); partial termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
This discovery subject will expose first-year students to the 21G curriculum through exposure to the importance of global languages in our local community. Introduces Boston's multilingual richness and vibrant immigrant communities through an exploration of the city's diverse cultures and neighborhoods. Readings and films provide an overview of Boston's recent immigrant profile, document key issues within immigrant communities, and provide testimonies of lived experience. Field trips and guest speakers allow students to learn from organizations working with immigrants in Boston neighborhoods. Students have the option to produce a blog to document their findings and report on an immigrant community, struggle, or testimony. Class meets every other week over the course of the term. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 16; preference for first-year students. Staff 21G.014 Introduction to Russian Politics and Society
(); partial term
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Introduces students to contemporary Russia through analysis of major political, social, and cultural trends and addresses how they have developed due to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Considers the role of identity, state propaganda, civil society — including those in exile — and music both as an instrument of political power and popular resistance. Study materials include academic and media articles, recent documentaries, and video interviews with prominent figures in Russian science and culture. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Limited to 15. E. Zabrovski 21G.015 Introduction to Buddhism, Mindfulness, and Meditation
(); second half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F]
Companion to the Fitness and Meditation class offered through MIT's Wellness program. Introduces students to the basic ideas of Buddhism, the history of Buddhism's transmission through East Asia, and core aspects of the philosophy of Humanistic Buddhism, including the role of meditation and mindfulness in Buddhist practice. Meets with the MIT Wellness Fitness and Meditation class; students must enroll in both to receive credit. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 18. E. Teng Studies in International Literatures and CulturesStudies in International Literatures and Cultures make various modes of intercultural discourse available in English. Those subjects that deal with works from more than one nation give students the opportunity to pursue comparative studies. A significant number of subjects also allow students to study works from a single country. 21G.011 Topics in Indian Popular Culture
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Overview of Indian popular culture over the last two decades, through a variety of material such as popular fiction, music, television and Bombay cinema. Explores major themes and their representations in relation to current social and political issues, elements of the formulaic masala movie, music and melodrama, ideas of nostalgia and incumbent change in youth culture, and questions of gender and sexuality in popular fiction. Taught in English. Enrollment limited. Staff 21G.022[J] International Women's Voices
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21L.522[J], WGS.141[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-048j-international-womens-voices/
Introduces students to a variety of fictional works by contemporary women writers. International perspective emphasizes the extent to which each author's work reflects her distinct cultural heritage and to what extent, if any, there is an identifiable female voice that transcends national boundaries. Uses a variety of interpretive perspectives, including sociohistorical, psychoanalytic, and feminist criticism, to examine texts. Authors include Mariama Ba, Isabel Allende, Anita Desai, Maxine Hong Kingston, Toni Morrison, Doris Lessing, Alifa Riyaat, Yang Jiang, Nawal Al-Saadawi, and Sawako Ariyoshi. Taught in English. Staff 21G.024[J] The Linguistic Study of Bilingualism
()
(Same subject as 24.906[J]) Prereq: 24.900 or 24.9000 Units: 3-0-9
Development of bilingualism in human history (from Australopithecus to present day). Focuses on linguistic aspects of bilingualism; models of bilingualism and language acquisition; competence versus performance; effects of bilingualism on other domains of human cognition; brain imaging studies; early versus late bilingualism; opportunities to observe and conduct original research; and implications for educational policies among others. Students participate in six online web meetings with partner institutions. Taught in English. Enrollment limited. S. Flynn 21G.025[J] Africa and the Politics of Knowledge
()
(Same subject as 21A.135[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Considers how, despite its immense diversity, Africa continues to hold purchase as both a geographical entity and meaningful knowledge category. Examines the relationship between articulations of "Africa" and projects like European imperialism, developments in the biological sciences, African de-colonization and state-building, and the imagining of the planet's future. Readings in anthropology and history are organized around five themes: space and place, race, representation, self-determination, and time. Enrollment limited. D. Asfaha 21G.026[J] Global Africa: Creative Cultures
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21A.136[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.326) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines contemporary and historical cultural production on and from Africa across a range of registers, including literary, musical and visual arts, material culture, and science and technology. Employs key theoretical concepts from anthropology and social theory to analyze these forms and phenomena. Uses case studies to consider how Africa articulates its place in, and relationship to, the world through creative practices. Discussion topics largely drawn from Francophone and sub-Saharan Africa, but also from throughout the continent and the African diaspora. Taught in English. Limited to 18. A. Edoh 21G.028[J] African Migrations
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21A.137[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.328) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines West African migration to France and to the United States from the early 20th century to the present. Centering the experiences of African social actors and historicizing recent dynamics, students consider what migration across these three regions reveals about African projects of self-determination, postcolonial nation-building, and global citizenship. Students also comparatively analyze the workings of contemporary French and American societies, in particular, the articulations of race and citizenship in the two nations. Taught in English. Limited to 18. A. Edoh 21G.029[J] City Living: Ethnographies of Urban Worlds
()
(Same subject as 21A.402[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.419) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the ways in which anthropologists have studied cities. Addressing the question of what constitutes the boundaries of life in the city, students familiarize themselves with key themes - such as the relation between city and countryside, space and place, urban economies, science, globalization, migration, nature/culture, kinship, and race, gender, class and memory - that have guided anthropological analyses of cities across the world. Via engagement with case studies and their own small fieldwork projects, students gain experience with different ethnographic strategies for documenting urban life. Taught in English. Limited to 25 across 21A.402 and 21G.419. B. Stoetzer 21G.030[J] Introduction to East Asian Cultures: From Zen to K-Pop
()
(Same subject as WGS.236[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.193) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (14E-310)
Examines traditional forms of East Asian culture (including literature, art, performance, food, and religion) as well as contemporary forms of popular culture (film, pop music, karaoke, and manga). Covers China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, with an emphasis on China. Considers women's culture, as well as the influence and presence of Asian cultural expressions in the US. Uses resources in the Boston area, including the MFA, the Children's Museum, and the Sackler collection at Harvard. Taught in English. E. Teng No required or recommended textbooks 21G.036[J] Advertising and Media: Comparative Perspectives
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as CMS.356[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.190, CMS.888) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Compares modern and contemporary advertising culture in China, the US, and other emerging markets. First half focuses on branding in the old media environment; second half introduces the changing practice of advertising in the new media environment. Topics include branding and positioning, media planning, social media campaigns, cause marketing 2.0, social TV, and mobility marketing. Required lab work includes interactive sessions in branding a team product for the US (or a European country) and China markets. Taught in English and requires no knowledge of Chinese. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 21G.038 China in the News: The Untold Stories
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 21G.194) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines issues and debates crucial to understanding contemporary Chinese society, culture, and politics. Discusses how cultural politics frames the way in which China is viewed by mass media around the world and by China scholars in the West. Topics include the Beijing Olympic Games; Mao in post-Mao China; the new patriotism; leisure and consumer culture; the rise of the internet and web culture in urban China; media censorship, remix, and creative online culture. Analyzes the central debate over progress and the role played by the state, the market, and citizen activists in engineering social change. Uses documentaries and feature films to illustrate the cultural, social and political changes that have taken place in China since the 1980s. Includes two short writing assignments and a final paper. Taught in English. Staff 21G.039[J] Gender and Japanese Popular Culture
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21A.143[J], WGS.154[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.591) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines relationships between identity and participation in Japanese popular culture as a way of understanding the changing character of media, capitalism, fan communities, and culture. Emphasizes contemporary popular culture and theories of gender, sexuality, race, and the workings of power and value in global culture industries. Topics include manga (comic books), hip-hop and other popular music, anime and feature films, video games, contemporary literature, and online communication. Students present analyses and develop a final project based on a particular aspect of gender and popular culture. Several films screened outside of regular class meeting times. Taught in English. I. Condry 21G.040 A Passage to India: Introduction to Modern Indian Culture and Society
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: W EVE (7-10 PM) (16-668)
Introduction to Indian culture through films, short-stories, novels, essays, newspaper articles. Examines some major social and political controversies of contemporary India through discussions centered on India's history, politics and religion. Focuses on issues such as ethnic tension and terrorism, poverty and inequality, caste conflict, the missing women, and the effects of globalization on popular and folk cultures. Particular emphasis on the IT revolution, outsourcing, the new global India and the enormous regional and subcultural differences. Taught in English. A. Banerjee No textbook information available 21G.041[J] Foundations of East Asian Literature and Culture: From Confucius to the Beats
()
(Same subject as 21L.040[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Studies foundational works from East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam) with a focus on their cultural context and contemporary relevance and asks how "Literature" looks different when conceived through some of the world's oldest literatures beyond the West. Explores philosophical texts, history writing, poetry, stories and diaries, tales, and novels. Hones skills of reading, writing, and speaking with a sense of cultural sensitivity, historical depth, and comparative contemplation. Students who have taken this topic under 21L.007 cannot also receive credit for 21L.040. W. Denecke 21G.042[J] Three Kingdoms: From History to Fiction, Comic, Film, and Game
()
(Same subject as 21H.352[J], 21L.492[J], CMS.359[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.133) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (14E-310)
Analyzing core chapters of the great Chinese epic novel, Three Kingdoms, and its adaptations across diverse media, considers what underlies the appeal of this classic narrative over the centuries. Through focus on historical events in the period 206 BC to AD 280, examines the representation of power, diplomacy, war, and strategy, and explores the tension among competing models of political authority and legitimacy. Covers basic elements of classical Chinese political and philosophical thought, and literary and cultural history. Final group project involves digital humanities tools. Readings in translation. Films and video in Chinese with English subtitles. E. Teng No required or recommended textbooks 21G.043[J] From Yellow Peril to Model Minority: Asian American History to 1968
()
(Same subject as 21H.107[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides an overview of Asian American history between the 1830s and 1968 and its relevance for contemporary issues. Covers the first wave of Asian immigration in the 19th century, the rise of anti-Asian movements, the experiences of Asian Americans during WWII, the 1965 immigration reform, and the emergence of the Asian American movement in the 1960s. Examines the role these experiences played in the formation of Asian American ethnicity. Addresses key societal issues such as racial stereotyping, xenophobia, ethnicity and racial formation, citizenship, worker activism, immigrant community building, the "model minority" myth, and anti-Asian harassment and violence. Taught in English. Consult E. Teng 21G.044[J] Classics of Chinese Literature in Translation
()
(Same subject as 21L.494[J], WGS.235[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.195) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduction to some of the major genres of traditional Chinese poetry, fiction, and drama. Intended to give students a basic understanding of the central features of traditional Chinese literary genres, as well as to introduce students to the classic works of the Chinese literary tradition. Works read include Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Margin, Dream of the Red Chamber, and the poetry of the major Tang dynasty poets. Literature read in translation. Taught in English. W. Denecke 21G.045[J] Global Chinese Food: A Historical Overview
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21H.156[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the history of Chinese food around the world. Illustrates how the globalization of Chinese food is deeply connected to Chinese migration patterns, expansion of Western influence in Asia, Chinese entrepreneurship, and interethnic relations in places of Chinese settlement. With an overview of earlier periods in Chinese history, focuses on the 18th through 20th centuries, specifically on major events in modern world history that affected the availability and demand for Chinese food. Considers environmental issues in relation to China's changing food systems. Includes a mandatory field trip to Boston Chinatown. Taught in English. Limited to 30. Staff 21G.046 Modern Chinese Fiction and Cinema
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with 21G.192) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Covers major works of Chinese fiction and film, from mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Focusing on the modern period, examines how Chinese intellectuals, writers, and filmmakers have used artistic works to critically explore major issues in modern Chinese culture and society. Literature read in translation. Taught in English. Enrollment limited. Staff 21G.048[J] Images of Asian Women: Dragon Ladies and Lotus Blossoms
()
(Same subject as 21A.141[J], WGS.274[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores some of the forces and mechanisms through which stereotypes are built and perpetuated. In particular, examines stereotypes associated with Asian women in colonial, nationalist, state-authoritarian, and global/diasporic narratives about gender and power. Students read ethnography, fiction, and history, and view films to examine the politics and circumstances that create and perpetuate the representation of Asian women as dragon ladies, lotus blossoms, despotic tyrants, desexualized servants, and docile subordinates. Students are introduced to debates about Orientalism, gender, and power. M. Buyandelger 21G.049[J] French Photography
()
(Same subject as 4.674[J], 21H.145[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces students to the world of French photography from its invention in the 1820s to the present. Provides exposure to major photographers and images of the French tradition and encourages students to explore the social and cultural roles and meanings of photographs. Designed to help students navigate their own photo-saturated worlds; provides opportunity to gain practical experience in photography. Taught in English. Enrollment limited. C. Clark 21G.050[J] Looking East/Looking West
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| | | Taught in English | | | Chinese | | | French | | | German | | | Japanese | | | Italian | | | Portuguese | | | Russian | | |
| | | Korean | | | Arabic | | | Spanish & Special Subjects | | | |
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Course 21H: History |
| | | Introductory & Intermediate (21H.000-21H.299) | | | Seminars, Special Subjects, Graduate Subjects, & Research (21H.30-21H.999) | | | |
Introductory21H.000 The History of Now
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F]
Exposes students to the study of history for a deeper understanding of the past, the present and the future by exploring current events in a historical perspective. Features guest lectures from experts inside and outside MIT. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students; preference to first-year students. C. Capozzola 21H.001 How to Stage a Revolution
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores fundamental questions about the causes and nature of revolutions by looking at how people overthrow their rulers and establish new governments. Considers a set of major political transformations throughout the world and across centuries to understand the meaning of revolution and evaluate its impact. Examines how revolutionaries have attempted to establish their ideals and realize their goals. Asks whether radical upheavals require bloodshed, violence, or even terror. Seeks to explain why some revolutions succeed and others fail. Materials include the writings of revolutionaries, declarations and constitutions, music, films, art, novels, memoirs, and newspapers. Staff 21H.007[J] Introduction to Ancient and Medieval Studies
()
(Same subject as 21L.014[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: M1-2.30 (66-160) Recitation: W1-2.30 (66-160)
Explores the fascinating history, culture, and society of the ancient and medieval worlds and the different methodologies scholars use to interpret them. Wrestles with big questions about the diversity of life and thought in pre-modern societies, the best ways to study the distant past, and the nature (and limitations) of knowledge about long-ago eras. Considers a wide range of scholarly subjects such as the rise and fall of the Roman empire, the triumph of Christianity and Islam, barbarian invasions and holy wars, courts and castles, philosophy and religion, and the diversity of art, literature, and politics. Ponders different types of evidence, reads across a variety of disciplines, and develops skills to identify continuities and changes in ancient and medieval societies. E. Driscoll & S. Frampton Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21H.009 World History and Its Fault Lines Since 1800
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores how the world, as we know it today, came to be. Examines what it means to be modern and the consequences of modernity on people's everyday lives. Introduces real and perceived changes that made the world recognizably "modern." Surveys the rise of empires, nation-states, industrialized economies, mass consumption, popular culture, and political ideas and movements, and studies how they resulted in new, often contested, dynamics of racial, class, religious, gendered, and political identity. Instruction provided in how the evolving relationships of people with political, social, and economic structures produced a world that is highly interconnected and, at the same time, divided along different fault lines. S. Aiyar, H. Nagahara 21H.061 The History of American Presidential Elections
(); first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-3
Introduces the main themes and topics in the history of presidential elections from 1788 to the present. Explores structures of the US executive branch, the primary, convention, and election systems, and the Electoral College. Students examine academic debates in history and other social sciences, and write short papers on historical and contemporary topics. Meets with 21H.203 when offered concurrently. 21H.061 is offered only in an election year (not for HASS credit) and covers the first half of the course, leading up to election day. C. Capozzola 21H.090 Digital Humanities Laboratory
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 6.100A Units: 2-2-8
Combines research in HASS fields with computational methods of analysis, data collection, and presentation. Rotates to a different research project within SHASS each offering and meets with a research seminar taught by the PI of that project. Students work in teams to produce original computational research within the existing project, in collaboration with the research staff of the Programs in Digital Humanities. Leverage techniques from a wide range of practices including natural language processing, computer vision, machine learning, and web development. Repeatable for credit with permission of instructor. Limited to 25. Staff 21H.101 American History to 1865
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
A basic history of American social, economic, and political development from the colonial period through the Civil War. Examines the colonial heritages of Spanish and British America; the American Revolution and its impact; the establishment and growth of the new nation; and the Civil War, its background, character, and impact. Readings include writings of the period by Winthrop, Paine, Jefferson, Madison, W. H. Garrison, G. Fitzhugh, H. B. Stowe, and Lincoln. Staff 21H.102 American History since 1865
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the social, cultural, political, and economic history of the United States, from the Civil War to the present. Uses secondary analysis and primary documents, such as court cases, personal accounts, photographs, and films, to examine some of the key issues in the shaping of modern America, including industrialization and urbanization, immigration, the rise of a mass consumer society, the emergence of the US as a global power, and the development of civil rights activism and other major social movements. Staff 21H.106[J] Black Matters: Introduction to Black Studies
() 
(Same subject as 24.912[J], 21L.008[J], 21W.741[J], CMS.150[J], WGS.190[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T2-5 (E15-335)
Interdisciplinary survey of people of African descent that draws on the overlapping approaches of history, literature, anthropology, legal studies, media studies, performance, linguistics, and creative writing. Connects the experiences of African-Americans and of other American minorities, focusing on social, political, and cultural histories, and on linguistic patterns. Includes lectures, discussions, workshops, and required field trips that involve minimal cost to students. M. DeGraff, D. Fox Harrell, D. Wood No textbook information available 21H.107[J] From Yellow Peril to Model Minority: Asian American History to 1968
()
(Same subject as 21G.043[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides an overview of Asian American history between the 1830s and 1968 and its relevance for contemporary issues. Covers the first wave of Asian immigration in the 19th century, the rise of anti-Asian movements, the experiences of Asian Americans during WWII, the 1965 immigration reform, and the emergence of the Asian American movement in the 1960s. Examines the role these experiences played in the formation of Asian American ethnicity. Addresses key societal issues such as racial stereotyping, xenophobia, ethnicity and racial formation, citizenship, worker activism, immigrant community building, the "model minority" myth, and anti-Asian harassment and violence. Taught in English. Consult E. Teng 21H.108[J] Sexual and Gender Identities in the Modern United States
()
(Same subject as WGS.110[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides an introduction to the history of gender, sex, and sexuality in the modern United States, from the end of the 19th century to the present. Surveys historical approaches to the field, emphasizing the changing nature of sexual and gender identities over time. Traces attempts to control, construct, and contain sexual and gender identities. Examines the efforts of those who worked to resist, reject, and reform institutionalized heterosexuality and mainstream configurations of gendered power. Staff 21H.109[J] Gender: Historical Perspectives
()
(Same subject as WGS.303[J]) (Subject meets with 21H.983[J], WGS.310[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: W2-5 (4-144)
Examines the definition of gender in scientific, societal, and historical contexts. Explores how gender influences state formation and the work of the state, what role gender plays in imperialism and in the welfare state, the ever-present relationship between gender and war, and different states' regulation of the body in gendered ways at different times. Investigates new directions in the study of gender as historians, anthropologists and others have taken on this fascinating set of problems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. Wood Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21H.130 The Ancient World: Greece
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
History of Ancient Greece from the Bronze Age to the death of Alexander. Major social, economic, political, and religious trends. Homer, heroism, and the Greek identity; the hoplite revolution and the rise of the city-state; Herodotus, Persia, and the (re)birth of history; Empire, Thucydidean rationalism, and the Peloponnesian War; Aristotle, Macedonia, and Hellenism. Emphasis on use of primary sources in translation. E. Driscoll 21H.132 The Ancient World: Rome
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
History of Rome from its humble beginnings to the 5th century A.D. First half: Kingship to Republican form; the conquest of Italy; Roman expansion: Pyrrhus, Punic Wars and provinces; classes, courts, and the Roman revolution; Augustus and the formation of empire. Second half: Virgil to the Vandals; major social, economic, political and religious trends at Rome and in the provinces. Emphasis on use of primary sources in translation. Enrollment limited. W. Broadhead 21H.133 The Medieval World
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Investigates the dynamic history of Europe and the wider world between the late Roman empire and voyages of discovery. Examines the rise of Christianity, the cult of the saints, and monasticism; the decline of the Roman empire, the barbarian invasions, and the foundation of post-Roman kingdoms; the meteoric rise of Islam; the formation of the Carolingian, Byzantine, and Islamic empires; the Vikings and Mongols; castles, knights, and crusades; religious thinkers, reformers, and heretics; changes in art, architecture, and literature; the Black Death and the fall of Constantinople; the Italian Renaissance and the voyages of discovery. E. Goldberg 21H.134[J] Medieval Economic History in Comparative Perspective
()
(Same subject as 14.70[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Surveys the foundations of material life and changing social and economic conditions in medieval Europe in their broader Eurasian context. Covers the gradual disintegration of the Roman imperial order, the emergence and decline of feudal institutions, the transformation of peasant agriculture, living standards and the impact of climate and disease environments, and the ebb and flow of long-distance trade across the Eurasian system. Particular emphasis on the study of those factors, both institutional and technological, which contributed to the emergence of capitalist organization and economic growth in western Europe in comparison to the trajectories followed by the other major medieval economies. A. McCants 21H.135 J.R.R. Tolkien: Scholar, Author, and Thinker
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores how an Oxford professor of medieval philology and literature wrote the most influential work of fantasy, The Lord of the Rings. Investigates how Tolkien's scholarship on Anglo-Saxon and Middle English, fascination with inventing languages, experiences during the First World War, and Catholic faith shaped the creation of his fantasy world often (mistakenly) called Middle Earth. Examines Tolkien's books within the context of his life, scholarship, ideas, and beliefs to uncover how an author of fantasy literature helped shape the image of the Middle Ages in the modern popular imagination. Considers the extent to which film adaptations do justice to the complexity of Tolkien's stories, themes, and characters. E. Goldberg 21H.141 Renaissance to Revolution: Europe, 1300-1800
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides an introduction to major political, social, cultural and intellectual changes in Europe from the beginnings of the Renaissance in Italy around 1300 to the outbreak of the French Revolution at the end of the 1700s. Focuses on the porous boundaries between categories of theology, magic and science. Examines how developments in these areas altered European political institutions, social structures, and cultural practices. Studies men and women, nobles and commoners, as well as Europeans and some non-Europeans with whom they came into contact. Staff 21H.143[J] The "Making" of Modern Europe: 1789-Present
()
(Same subject as 21G.056[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.356) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides an overview of European history from 1789 to the present. Explores how the ideas of "European" and "modern" have been defined over time. Explores major events and the evolution of major tensions and issues that consumed Europe and Europeans through the period, including questions of identity, inclusion/exclusion, religion, and equality. Places major emphasis on the fiction, visual culture, and films of the century as the products and evidence of political, social and cultural change. Taught in English. E. Kempf 21H.144[J] Introduction to Russian Studies
()
(Same subject as 21G.087[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores Russian culture and society by analyzing its unique position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia throughout medieval, Imperial, Soviet, and contemporary periods. Investigates a variety of topics: defining the borders of the country and shaping its relationship with the outside world; changes in living spaces from rural to urban, development of cultural centers; and daily life, customs, and traditions. Includes readings in literature, history, and cultural studies, as well visual arts, music, and film. Limited to 25. E. Wood, M. Khotimsky 21H.145[J] French Photography
()
(Same subject as 4.674[J], 21G.049[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces students to the world of French photography from its invention in the 1820s to the present. Provides exposure to major photographers and images of the French tradition and encourages students to explore the social and cultural roles and meanings of photographs. Designed to help students navigate their own photo-saturated worlds; provides opportunity to gain practical experience in photography. Taught in English. Enrollment limited. C. Clark 21H.151 Dynastic China
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the first dynasty to 1800. Traces the rise of the world's first centralized bureaucratic state, the development of the world's oldest living written culture, and the formation of the pre-modern world's largest single commercial market. Studies women and men as they founded dynasties, engaged in philosophy, challenged orthodoxies, and invented technologies used around the globe. Explores China's past to understand the country's present, and reflects on what its stories mean for the global world. T. Brown 21H.152 Modern China
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Discusses China's emergence as a global power, which has arisen out of two centuries of significant change. Explores those transformations from 1800 to the present by examining the advent of foreign imperialism in the nineteenth century, the collapse of the last imperial dynasty in 1911, China's debilitating war against Japan, the communist revolution, and the tumultuous history of the People's Republic of China from 1949. Addresses the historical transformations that have shaped contemporary Chinese politics, ethnicity, gender, environment, economics, and international relations. T. Brown 21H.154 Inventing the Samurai
()
(Subject meets with 21G.554) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR9.30-11 (26-168)
Explores the historical origins of the Japanese warrior class as well as its reinvention throughout the archipelago's history. Special focus on the pre-modern era (200-1600 CE). Highlights key historical contexts including the rise of the imperial court, interactions with the broader world, and the establishment of a warrior-dominated state. Also considers the modern imaginations and uses of the warrior figure. H. Nagahara No required or recommended textbooks 21H.155 Modern Japan: 1600 to Present
()
(Subject meets with 21G.555) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Surveys Japanese history from the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603 to the present and explores the local and global nature of modernity in Japan. Highlights key themes, including the emergence of a modern nation-state, the rise and fall of the Japanese Empire, the development of mass consumer culture and the middle class, and the continued importance of historical memory in Japan today. H. Nagahara 21H.156[J] Global Chinese Food: A Historical Overview
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21G.045[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the history of Chinese food around the world. Illustrates how the globalization of Chinese food is deeply connected to Chinese migration patterns, expansion of Western influence in Asia, Chinese entrepreneurship, and interethnic relations in places of Chinese settlement. With an overview of earlier periods in Chinese history, focuses on the 18th through 20th centuries, specifically on major events in modern world history that affected the availability and demand for Chinese food. Considers environmental issues in relation to China's changing food systems. Includes a mandatory field trip to Boston Chinatown. Taught in English. Limited to 30. Staff 21H.157 Modern South Asia
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores the political, social, and economic history of South Asia from the 18th century to the present day. Topics include colonial rule; anti-colonial movements; nationalism and the creation of modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh; the post-colonial nation state; social movements; religious identity; involvement of the United States in the region; and economic development. Students develop an understanding of the current successes, failures, and challenges facing the people and states of contemporary South Asia from a historical perspective. S. Aiyar 21H.160 Islam, the Middle East, and the West
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides students with an overview of basic themes and issues in Middle Eastern history from the rise of Islam to the present, with an emphasis on exchanges and encounters between the Middle East and Europe/North America. Examines the history of the notion of "East" and "West;" the emergence of Islam and the Christianization of Europe; Ottoman expansion; the flourishing of European powers; European competition with and colonization of Middle Eastern societies, and Middle Eastern responses, including Arab and Iranian nationalisms as well as the rise of Political Islam, the "Clash of Civilizations", and Islamophobia. P. Alimagham 21H.161 The Modern Middle East
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW12 (4-231) Recitation: R1 (1-273) or R2 (1-273)
Surveys the history of the Middle East, from the end of the 19th century to the present. Examines major political, social, intellectual and cultural issues and practices. Focuses on important events, movements, and ideas that prevailed during the last century and affect its current realities. Enrollment limited. P. Alimagham Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21H.165 A Survey of Modern African History
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR9.30-11 (1-273)
Surveys the history of 19th- and 20th-century Africa. Focuses on the European conquest of Africa and the dynamics of colonial rule, especially its socioeconomic and cultural consequences. Looks at how the rising tide of African nationalism, in the form of labor strikes and guerrilla wars, ushered out colonialism. Examines the postcolonial states, focusing on the politics of development, recent civil wars in countries like Rwanda and Liberia, the AIDS epidemic, and the history of Apartheid in South Africa up to 1994. K. Mutongi Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21H.170[J] Introduction to Latin American Studies
()
(Same subject as 17.55[J], 21A.130[J], 21G.084[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.784) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines contemporary Latin American culture, politics, and history. Surveys geography, economic development, and race, religion, and gender in Latin America. Special emphasis on the Salvadoran civil war, human rights and military rule in Argentina and Chile, and migration from Central America and Mexico to the United States. Students analyze films, literature, visual art, journalism, historical documents, and social scientific research. T. Padilla 21H.172[J] Latin America Through Film
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21G.078[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Traces Latin American history through film and analyzes how this medium represents events in the recent and distant past. Weekly movies provide a window through which to analyze themes such as colonialism, national formation, revolution, gender, race relations, popular mobilizations and counterinsurgency. Examines films for how they represent a particular group or country, the reality they capture or obscure, and the message they convey. T. Padilla 21H.173 Socialism in Latin America, from Che Guevara to Hugo Chavez
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores various socialist projects in the Americas. Studies how Latin America's poor have supported socialism as an alternative to capitalist exploitation, as a strategy to break colonial vestiges, and an anti-imperialist ideology. Focuses on various case studies to address the meaning of socialism, how governments have implemented socialism and who has fought against it. Explores how socialism has attempted to address women's rights and combat racism, and how socialist projects have extended beyond national borders. T. Padilla 21H.181[J] Libertarianism
()
(Same subject as 17.035[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores the history of the ideal of individual liberty in light of contemporary arguments over the proper scope of the regulatory state. Surveys the political theory of freedom and its relationship to other dominant norms (e.g., property, equality, community, republicanism, innovation, and the pursuit of wealth). Revisits the diversity of modern libertarian movements with attention to issues such as abolitionism and the Civil Rights revolution, religious liberty, the right to bear arms, and LGBTQ rights. Concludes with a set of policy and legal/constitutional debates about the role of government in regulating the financial markets, artificial intelligence, and/or the internet. M. Ghachem 21H.185[J] Environment and History
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 12.386[J], STS.031[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Focusing on the period from 1500 to the present, explores the influence of climate, topography, plants, animals, and microorganisms on human history and the reciprocal influence of people on the environment. Topics include the European encounter with the Americas, the impact of modern technology, and the current environmental crisis. Enrollment limited. Staff 21H.186 Nature and Environment in China
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on the late imperial period with forays into the modern area. Explores how Chinese states and people related to and shaped their environments, which, in turn, shaped China. Considers the degree to which China's long environmental history has integrated with global trends and ponders the historical experiences and precedents we bring to today's environmental challenges. Explores the diverse ways in which scholars study China's environmental history and conceptions of nature, including the use of digital humanities tools for visualizing data and analyzing geography. T. Brown 21H.187 US Environmental Governance: from National Parks to the Green New Deal
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores the interwoven threads of politics, economics, and the environment in the 20th century. Examines topics such as preservation, conservation, national park creation, federal projects, infrastructure, economic growth, hydrocarbon society, international development, nuclear power, consumer rights, public health crises, environmentalism, Earth Day, globalization, sustainability, and climate change. Studies how politics, economics, and environment converged in modern U.S. history, the "Green New Deal" and how its role promoting economic growth conflicts with its commitments to environmental management, and the emergence of the environmental movement. M. Black Intermediate21H.201 The American Revolution
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Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T2-5 (E51-393)
Covers the American Revolution in the broadest sense; not only the independence movement and the military conflict, but also the liberation struggles launched by Indigenous people, enslaved Americans, free women, and others. Modes of learning could include reenactments, close reading of primary sources, or field trips. Field trips may be optional or mandatory depending on scheduling. M. Kars Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21H.203 The History of American Presidential Elections
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the main themes and topics in the history of presidential elections from 1788 to the present. Explores structures of the US executive branch, the primary, convention, and election systems, and the Electoral College. Students examine academic debates in history and other social sciences, and undertake a research project based on a past election of their choosing. Meets with 21H.061 when offered concurrently. 21H.061 is offered only in an election year (not for HASS credit) and covers the first half of the course, leading up to election day. C. Capozzola 21H.205[J] The Civil War and the Emergence of Modern America: 1861-1890
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as STS.027[J]) (Subject meets with STS.427) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Using the American Civil War as a baseline, considers what it means to become "modern" by exploring the war's material and manpower needs, associated key technologies, and how both influenced the United States' entrance into the age of "Big Business." Readings include material on steam transportation, telegraphic communications, arms production, naval innovation, food processing, medicine, public health, management methods, and the mass production of everything from underwear to uniforms – all essential ingredients of modernity. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. M. R. Smith 21H.211 The United States in the Cold War Era
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the culture that developed in the US during the early years of the Cold War, at the dawn of the nuclear age. Topics include new family structures and civil defense strategies that emerged in response to the promise and perils of nuclear power; the role of anxiety and insecurity in transforming American politics and psychology; the development of computing technology and the changes it brought to American workspaces; the social impacts of space exploration, suburbanization, and the construction of highways and shopping malls; and new models used by social scientists and other experts to predict human behavior and the future. C. Horan 21H.213[J] The War at Home: American Politics and Society in Wartime
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 17.28[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the relationship between war and domestic politics in the US since the start of 20th century. Students engage in historical and social scientific research to analyze the ways that overseas military commitments shaped US political institutions, and how domestic politics has in turn structured US engagements abroad. Moving chronologically from World War I to the Iraq War, subject draws on materials across the disciplines, including political documents, opinion polls, legal decisions, and products of American popular culture. A. Berinsky, C. Capozzola 21H.214 War and American Society
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines how issues of war and national security have affected politics, economics, and society from the First World War to the war in Iraq. Draws on historical evidence as well as representations in film, music and popular culture. C. Capozzola 21H.217[J] American Urban History
()
(Same subject as 11.013[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T2-4 (8-205)
Seminar on the history of institutions and institutional change in American cities from roughly 1850 to the present. Among the institutions to be looked at are political machines, police departments, courts, schools, prisons, public authorities, and universities. Focuses on readings and discussions. E. Glenn Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21H.218[J] History of the Built Environment in the US
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 11.014[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-7
Seminar on the history of selected features of the physical environment of urban America. Among the features considered are parks, cemeteries, tenements, suburbs, zoos, skyscrapers, department stores, supermarkets, and amusement parks. Staff 21H.220[J] Metropolis: A Comparative History of New York City
()
(Same subject as 11.150[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (1-273)
Examines the evolution of New York City from 1607 to the present. Readings focus on the city's social and physical histories. Discussions compare New York's development to patterns in other cities. C. Wilder No required or recommended textbooks 21H.225 History of American Capitalism
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| | | Introductory & Intermediate (21H.000-21H.299) | | | Seminars, Special Subjects, Graduate Subjects, & Research (21H.30-21H.999) | | | |
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Course 21L: Literature |
| | | 21L.00-21L.URG | | | |
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The subjects listed below are arranged in three graduated categories or tiers: Introductory Subjects21L.000[J] Writing About Literature
(, )
(Same subject as 21W.041[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-000j-writing-about-literature/ Lecture: TR1-2.30 (4-251)
Intensive focus on the reading and writing skills used to analyze literary texts such as poems by Emily Dickinson, Shakespeare or Langston Hughes; short stories by Chekhov, Joyce, or Alice Walker; and a short novel by Melville or Toni Morrison. Designed not only to prepare students for further work in writing and literary and media study, but also to provide increased confidence and pleasure in their reading, writing, and analytical skills. Students write or revise essays weekly. Enrollment limited. Fall: C. Doyle Spring: N. Jackson Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21L.001 Foundations of Western Literature: Homer to Dante
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Studies a broad range of texts essential to understanding the two great sources of Western conceptions of the world and humanity's place within it: the ancient world of Greece and Rome and the Judeo-Christian world that challenged and absorbed it. Readings vary but usually include works by Homer, Sophocles, Aristotle, Plato, Virgil, St. Augustine, and Dante. Enrollment limited. James Buzard 21L.002 Foundations of Western Literature: From Shakespeare to the Present
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
A broad survey of texts, literary, philosophical, and sociological, studied to trace the growth of secular humanism, the loss of a supernatural perspective upon human events, and changing conceptions of individual, social, and communal purpose. Stresses appreciation and analysis of texts that came to represent the common cultural possession of our time. Enrollment limited. Staff 21L.003 Reading Fiction
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-003-reading-fiction/ Lecture: TR3.30-5 (14N-112)
Samples prose narrative from different traditions, examining texts that feature distinctive styles and formal rhythms in their social and historical contexts. May include European and US classics, alongside global and contemporary authors. Considers writing and reading as forms of social engagement, with special attention to the ways that authors borrow from and innovate on the past. Enrollment limited. J. Buzard Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21L.004 Reading Poetry
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-004-reading-poetry/ Lecture: MW EVE (7-8.30 PM) (14N-112) or M2-5 (5-231)
Concentrates on close analysis of poems written in English in various forms (lyric, epic, dramatic). Syllabus varies from term to term but typically includes Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth, Blake, Keats, Whitman, Dickinson, Frost, Eliot, Langston Hughes, Lowell, and Plath. Enrollment limited. Fall: N. Jackson, A. Bahr Spring: S. Tapscott, J. Bennett Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21L.005[J] Introduction to Drama
()
(Same subject as 21T.141[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
A study of the history of theater art and practice from its origins to the modern period, including its roles in non-Western cultures. Special attention to the relationship between the literary and performative dimensions of drama, and the relationship between drama and its cultural context. Enrollment limited. Sandy Alexandre 21L.008[J] Black Matters: Introduction to Black Studies
()
(Same subject as 24.912[J], 21H.106[J], 21W.741[J], CMS.150[J], WGS.190[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T2-5 (E15-335)
Interdisciplinary survey of people of African descent that draws on the overlapping approaches of history, literature, anthropology, legal studies, media studies, performance, linguistics, and creative writing. Connects the experiences of African-Americans and of other American minorities, focusing on social, political, and cultural histories, and on linguistic patterns. Includes lectures, discussions, workshops, and required field trips that involve minimal cost to students. M. DeGraff, D. Fox Harrell, D. Wood No textbook information available 21L.009 Shakespeare
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-009-shakespeare/ Lecture: TR9.30-11 (1-379)
Focuses on the close reading of six to eight of Shakespeare plays, as well as their adaptation for stage and/or film. Selected texts cover the range of genres in which Shakespeare wrote (i.e., history, comedy, tragedy, and romance). Special emphasis in some terms on performances and adaptions of Shakespearean drama around the world. Plays studied vary across sections and from term to term, and have recently included Henry IV Part 1, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, King Lear, Othello, and The Tempest. Enrollment limited. S. Raman Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21L.010[J] Writing with Shakespeare
()
(Same subject as 21W.042[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on writing and speaking using Shakespeare as a model and means for mastery of English language skills. Emphasizes the development of students' ability to write clearly and effectively in a range of genres with an awareness of audience. Designed to increase students' confidence and pleasure in verbal communication and analysis of language. Students write frequently, give and receive feedback, improve their work through revision, and participate actively in class discussions and presentations. Enrollment limited. D. Henderson 21L.011 Introduction to Film Studies
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-011-the-film-experience/ Lecture: T3.30-5 (3-270) Lab: M EVE (7-10 PM) (3-270) Recitation: R3 (1-273) or R4 (1-273) or R3 (1-246)
Concentrates on close analysis and criticism of a wide range of films, including works from the early silent period, documentary and avant-garde films, European art cinema, and contemporary Hollywood fare. Through comparative reading of films from different eras and countries, students develop the skills to turn their in-depth analyses into interpretations and explore theoretical issues related to spectatorship. Syllabus varies from term to term, but usually includes such directors as Eisenstein, Fellini, Godard, Griffith, Hawks, Hitchcock, Kubrick, Kurosawa, Tarantino, Welles, and Wiseman. Fall: J. Ruffin Spring: E. Brinkema Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21L.012 Forms of Western Narrative
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines a wide assortment of narrative forms, from Homer to the present, and considers why and how stories are told. Focuses on the close reading of literary and cultural issues, the emergence of different narrative genres, and how different media affect the construction and interpretation of narratives. Syllabus varies by term, but usually includes materials such as epics, novels, tales, short stories, films, television programs, graphic novels, and interactive games. Enrollment limited. Jessica Ruffin 21L.013[J] The Supernatural in Music, Literature and Culture
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21M.013[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores the relationship between music and the supernatural, focusing on the social history and context of supernatural beliefs as reflected in key literary and musical works from 1600 to the present. Provides an understanding of the place of ambiguity and the role of interpretation in culture, science and art. Explores great works of art by Shakespeare, Verdi, Goethe (in translation), Gounod, Henry James and Benjamin Britten. Readings also include selections from the most recent scholarship on magic and the supernatural. Writing assignments range from web-based projects to analytic essays. No previous experience in music is necessary. Projected guest lectures, musical performances, field trips. Limited to 36. Staff 21L.014[J] Introduction to Ancient and Medieval Studies
()
(Same subject as 21H.007[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: M1-2.30 (66-160) Recitation: W1-2.30 (66-160)
Explores the fascinating history, culture, and society of the ancient and medieval worlds and the different methodologies scholars use to interpret them. Wrestles with big questions about the diversity of life and thought in pre-modern societies, the best ways to study the distant past, and the nature (and limitations) of knowledge about long-ago eras. Considers a wide range of scholarly subjects such as the rise and fall of the Roman empire, the triumph of Christianity and Islam, barbarian invasions and holy wars, courts and castles, philosophy and religion, and the diversity of art, literature, and politics. Ponders different types of evidence, reads across a variety of disciplines, and develops skills to identify continuities and changes in ancient and medieval societies. E. Driscoll & S. Frampton Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21L.015 Children's Literature
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Analyzes children's literature from a variety of eras and genres, taking even the most playful texts seriously as works of art and powerful cultural influences. Considers the types of stories adults consider appropriate for children, and why; how opinions about this subject have changed over time and across cultures; and the complex interplay of words and images in children's books. Enrollment limited. Staff 21L.016 Gods and Mortals
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces students to moral and philosophical questions that emerge from the study of pre-modern literature, such as how humans have grappled with life on earth and negotiated their relationships with the known and unknown, nature and the cosmos, past and future, the physical and the metaphysical, life and death, one another, and the divine. Focuses on careful reading of major works and authors, including selections from Sappho's lyric poems, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, Augustine's Confessions, and Dante's Inferno. Develops skills in close reading and in persuasive and personal analytical writing. Students have the opportunity to present on their readings and research in a variety of forms. Staff 21L.017 The Art of the Probable
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines literary texts and/or films in relation to the history of the idea of probability. Traces the growing importance of probability as a basic property of things and the world, as well as a measure of the reliability of our ideas and beliefs. Connects the development and use of probabilistic reasoning (e.g., in the lottery and in statistics) with literary and cultural concerns regarding the rationality of belief, risk and uncertainty, free will and determinism, chance and fate. Discussion of the work of scientific and philosophical pioneers of probabilistic thought (e.g., Pascal, Leibniz, Bernoulli, Laplace) in conjunction with works by Shakespeare, Voltaire, H. G. Wells, Pynchon and Stoppard, among others. Enrollment limited. S. Raman 21L.018 Introduction to English Literature
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the rich heritage of English literature across genre and historical period. Designed for students who want to know more about English literature or about English culture and history. Studies the relationships between literary themes, forms, and conventions and the times in which they were produced. Explores (for instance) Renaissance lyrics and drama, Enlightenment satires in word image, the 19th-century novel, and modern and contemporary stories, poems and film. Staff 21L.019 Introduction to European and Latin American Fiction
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-019-introduction-to-european-and-latin-american-fiction/
Studies great works of European and Latin American fiction. Attention to a variety of forms including: the picaresque, epistolary, realist, naturalist, and magical realist fiction. Emphasizes ways in which the unique history of each country shaped the imaginative responses of its writers. Authors include Cervantes, Laclos, Goethe, Mann, Dostoevsky, Flaubert, Zola, Unamuno, Wolf, García Márquez, and Allende. Taught in English. J. Terrones 21L.021 Comedy
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Surveys a range of comic texts in different media, the cultures that produced them, and various theories of comedy. Authors and directors studied may include Aristophanes, Shakespeare, Moliere, Austen, Wilde and Chaplin. Ben Mangrum 21L.024 Literature and Existentialism
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Studies major literary works associated with the 19th- and 20-century philosophical movement known as existentialism. Through close reading of these works, students explore how existentialist writers grappled with the question of death; the nature of free will; emotions like boredom, disgust, and radical doubt; and the fate of the individual in a modernity marked by war, illogic, and absurdity. Includes novels, short stories, and aphorisms by Sartre, Camus, Dostoevsky, Kafka, Hesse, Chopin, and Nietzsche; plays by Beckett and Stoppard; and films by Bergman, Tarkovsky, and others. Enrollment limited. E. Brinkema 21L.025 A History of the Book from Papyrus to Pixel
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Studies a broad range of texts and artifacts related to the history of writing and reading across cultures. Introduces students to the history and theory of media, to literary topics such as metafiction and narratology, and to the study of rare books and distinctive collections. Readings vary but may include literary works by authors such as Miguel Cervantes, Emily Dickinson, and Italo Calvino and theoretical writing by scholars including Marshall McLuhan and Roland Barthes. Regular sessions in MIT Libraries lead to capstone research projects on objects in MIT Archives and Special Collections. Students present on their readings and research in a variety of forms. S. Frampton 21L.032[J] Afrofuturism, Magical Realism, and Other Otherwise Worlds
()
(Same subject as WGS.130[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines Afrofuturism, magical realism, and other forms of the fantastic in literary texts, film, and other media. Through close reading and attention to historical, cultural, and sociopolitical context, students consider how these works reinterpret the past, diagnose modernity, and posit alternative futures. Particular attention given to the roles race, gender, class, and sexuality play within these radically imaginative worlds. Topics vary from term to term but might include work by Octavia Butler, Gabriel García Márquez, Samuel Delany, Toni Morrison, N.K. Jemisin, José María Arguedas, and Janelle Monáe. Limited to 18. J. Terrones 21L.040[J] Foundations of East Asian Literature and Culture: From Confucius to the Beats
()
(Same subject as 21G.041[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Studies foundational works from East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam) with a focus on their cultural context and contemporary relevance and asks how "Literature" looks different when conceived through some of the world's oldest literatures beyond the West. Explores philosophical texts, history writing, poetry, stories and diaries, tales, and novels. Hones skills of reading, writing, and speaking with a sense of cultural sensitivity, historical depth, and comparative contemplation. Students who have taken this topic under 21L.007 cannot also receive credit for 21L.040. W. Denecke Samplings21L.310 Bestsellers
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4
Focuses on works that caught the popular imagination in the past or present. Emphasizes texts that are related by genre, theme or style. Books studied vary from term to term. May be repeated once for credit if content differs. Confirm start and end dates on Literature website. Enrollment limited. L. Finch 21L.315 Prizewinners and Laureates
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-315-prizewinners/ Lecture: M2.30-4 (4-144)
Examines particular texts and authors as having special merit and significance. Considers modern authors and filmmakers who have received such accolades as a Nobel Prize, a Pulitzer Prize, or an Oscar, as well as older authors who have been named as poets laureate, or honored by traditions of commentary, interpretation, and translation. Specific topics vary from term to term. May be repeated once for credit if the specific works studied differ. Confirm start and end dates on Literature website. Enrollment limited. Mary Fuller Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21L.320 Big Books
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Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 URL: https://lit.mit.edu/21l-320-big-books/ Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR3-4.30 (4-253)
Intensive study of a single major literary work or a very small set of related literary works. Emphasizes texts that encourage close analysis in a way that cannot easily be integrated into the regular literature curriculum. The Big Books taught in previous terms include Moby-Dick, Canterbury Tales, and the Faerie Queene. May be repeated once for credit if the works studied differ. Confirm start and end dates on Literature website. Enrollment limited. Fall: M. Fuller Spring: N. Jackson Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21L.321[J] Childhood and Youth in French and Francophone Cultures
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| | | 21L.00-21L.URG | | | |
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Course 21M: Music |
| | | 21M.100-21M.URG | | | |
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The Music subjects described below are grouped within seven areas: Introductory, Samplings, History/Culture, Composition/Theory, Performance, Advanced/Special Subjects, and Music and Media. Introductory Subjects21M.011 Introduction to Western Music
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8 URL: http://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: W3.30-5 (4-270) Recitation: MF3 (4-364) or TR1 (4-152) or TR3 (4-152)
Provides a broad overview of Western music from the Middle Ages to the 21st century, with emphasis on late baroque, classical, romantic, and modernist styles. Designed to enhance the musical experience by developing listening skills and an understanding of diverse forms and genres. Major composers and works placed in social and cultural contexts. Weekly lectures feature demonstrations by professional performers and introduce topics to be discussed in sections. Enrollment limited. Fall: T. Neff, M. Goetjen Spring: E. Pollock, M. Goetjen No required or recommended textbooks 21M.013[J] The Supernatural in Music, Literature and Culture
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21L.013[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores the relationship between music and the supernatural, focusing on the social history and context of supernatural beliefs as reflected in key literary and musical works from 1600 to the present. Provides an understanding of the place of ambiguity and the role of interpretation in culture, science and art. Explores great works of art by Shakespeare, Verdi, Goethe (in translation), Gounod, Henry James and Benjamin Britten. Readings also include selections from the most recent scholarship on magic and the supernatural. Writing assignments range from web-based projects to analytic essays. No previous experience in music is necessary. Projected guest lectures, musical performances, field trips. Limited to 36. Staff 21M.030 Introduction to Musics of the World
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: MW9.30-11 (4-158) or MW11-12.30 (4-158) or TR9.30-11 (4-364)
An introduction to diverse musical traditions of the world. Music from a wide range of geographical areas is studied in terms of structure, performance practice, social use, aesthetics, and cross-cultural contact. Includes music making, live demonstrations by guest artists, and ethnographic research projects. Enrollment limited by lottery. Fall: J. Maurer, P. Tang Spring: J. Maurer, P. Tang No required or recommended textbooks 21M.051 Fundamentals of Music
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-2-7 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: TR11-12.30 (4-158) or TR2-3.30 (4-364) or TR3.30-5 (4-364) Lab: F1 (4-270)
Introduces students to the rudiments of Western music through oral, aural, and written practice utilizing rhythm, melody, intervals, scales, chords, and western staff notation. Individual skills are addressed through a variety of approaches, including the required piano and sight singing labs. Intended for students with little to no prior experience reading music or performing. Not open to students who have completed 21M.150, 21M.151, 21M.301, 21M.302, or are proficient in reading music. Limited to 18 per section. Fall: S. Iker Spring: L. Tilley, D. David, G. Saraydarian No textbook information available 21M.053 Rhythms of the World
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: http://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: TR2-3.30 (4-162)
Experiential, fully-embodied exploration into the fundamentals of music through the lens of largely non-Western, aural music cultures. From Bali to Ghana, Cuba to India, Zimbabwe to Andalucía, and through popular musics across the globe, students think about, talk about, and make music in new ways. Examines some of the basic concepts of music — structure, melody-making, meter, rhythm, interaction, movement, etc. — studying their diverse incarnations in different music cultures and encouraging a breadth of perspective and engagement. Students engage with a diverse blend of musical practices through music-making, in-depth discussion, listening and analysis, and creative composition. No musical experience required. Limited to 18. L. Tilley No textbook information available 21M.065 Introduction to Musical Composition
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Through a progressive series of composition projects, students investigate the sonic organization of musical works and performances, focusing on fundamental questions of unity and variety. Aesthetic issues are considered in the pragmatic context of the instructions that composers provide to achieve a desired musical result, whether these instructions are notated in prose, as graphic images, or in symbolic notation. Weekly listening, reading, and composition assignments draw on a broad range of musical styles and intellectual traditions, from various cultures and historical periods. Basic music reading skills required. Limited to 18. Staff 21M.080 Introduction to Music Technology
(, )
(Subject meets with 21M.560) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW12.30-2 (W18-1311)
Investigates how technology is used in the analysis, modeling, synthesis and composition of music, and its contribution to the artistic production practice. With an eye towards historical context as well as modern usage, topics include the physics of sound, digital representations of music, the Digital Audio Workstation (DAW), analog and digital synthesis techniques, MIDI and sequencing, electronic instrument design, notation software, generative music systems, and computational analysis of music. Weekly assignments focus on both theory and practice, requiring technical proficiency, creative output, and aesthetic consideration. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Enrollment limited. Fall: I. Hattwick Spring: I. Hattwick No textbook information available SamplingsStudents may combine any of the 6-unit subjects listed below for 12 units (one full subject) of credit toward the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS) General Institute Requirement (GIR). Even-numbered subjects are offered the first half of term; odd-numbered subjects are offered the second half of term. Where noted, subjects may be repeated for 12 units of HASS GIR credit. See the HASS Requirement website for details. 21M.120 Tuning Systems and Temperament
(); first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Surveys selected tunings of the scale, including Pythagorean, just intonation, mean-tone, and equal temperaments, as well as non-Western systems and the impact of tunings and temperaments on musical composition and performance. Student projects will be based on live demonstrations as well as reading and listening assignments. T. Neff 21M.128 Moments in Music: History/Culture A
() ; first half of term
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: TR12.30-2 (4-364)
Examines a particular moment in music history, an era, style, or even the composition of a major work through analysis and cultural context. Goes into further depth on a particular topic than would be possible in a longer survey. Periods and topics vary. Examples include minimalism, The Beatles, A Cappella, or The Lion King. May be repeated once for credit if content differs. Enrollment limited. E. Ziporyn Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21M.129 Moments in Music: History/Culture B
() ; second half of term
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR12.30-2 (4-364)
Examines a particular moment in music history, an era, style, or even the composition of a major work through analysis and cultural context. Goes into further depth on a particular topic than would be possible in a longer survey. Periods and topics vary. Examples include minimalism, The Beatles, A Cappella, or The Lion King. May be repeated once for credit if content differs. Enrollment limited. E. Ziporyn Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21M.138 Moments in Music: Composition A
() ; first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Practice in a particular compositional technique not normally covered in the Harmony and Counterpoint or Musical Composition sequences. Possible topics include Renaissance counterpoint, fugue, ragtime, or indeterminacy. May be repeated once for credit if content differs. Enrollment limited. Staff 21M.139 Moments in Music: Composition B
(, ) ; second half of term
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR2-3.30 (4-158)
Practice in a particular compositional technique not normally covered in the Harmony and Counterpoint or Musical Composition sequences. Possible topics include Renaissance counterpoint, fugue, ragtime, or indeterminacy. May be repeated once for credit if content differs. Enrollment limited. Fall: G. Saraydarian Spring: G. Saraydarian No textbook information available 21M.150 Accelerated Fundamentals of Music
(, ); first half of term
Prereq: None Units: 1-1-4 Credit cannot also be received for 21M.151 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Ends Mar 21. Lecture: TR2-3.30 (4-158)
Accelerated half-semester study of the fundamentals of Western music. Requires ability to read Western staff notation in at least one clef. Coverage includes intervals, triads, major and minor keys, basic musical analysis over a variety of idioms in Western music. Also emphasizes developing the ear, voice, and keyboard skills. Not open to students who have completed or are enrolled in 21M.051, 21M.151, 21M.301, or 21M.302. Subject content is identical to 21M.151: 21M.150 is offered first half of term; 21M.151 is offered second half of term or during IAP. Limited to 18 per section. Fall: G. Saraydarian Spring: G. Saraydarian No textbook information available 21M.151 Accelerated Fundamentals of Music
(); second half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-1-4 Credit cannot also be received for 21M.150
Accelerated half-semester study of the fundamentals of Western music. Requires ability to read Western staff notation in at least one clef. Coverage includes intervals, triads, major and minor keys, basic musical analysis over a variety of idioms in Western music. Also emphasizes developing the ear, voice, and keyboard skills. Not open to students who have completed or are enrolled in 21M.051, 21M.151, 21M.301 or 21M.302. Subject content is identical to 21M.150: 21M.150 is offered first half of term; 21M.151 is offered second half of term or during IAP. Limited to 18 per section. Staff 21M.158 Moments in Music: Theory and Analysis A
() ; first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Specific musical compositions or topics in music theory will provide the basis for analysis and close reading. Topics vary. Examples include a Bach Cantana, a Beethoven Quartet, Pierrot Lunaire, or cross-cultural musical analysis. May be repeated once for credit if content differs. Enrollment limited. Staff 21M.159 Moments in Music: Theory and Analysis B
() ; second half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Specific musical compositions or topics in music theory will provide the basis for analysis and close reading. Topics vary. Examples include a Bach Cantana, a Beethoven Quartet, Pierrot Lunaire, or cross-cultural musical analysis. May be repeated once for credit if content differs. Enrollment limited. Staff History/Culture21M.215 Music of the Americas
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: MW12.30-2 (4-162)
A survey of the music of North and South America from the Renaissance to the present, with emphasis on the cross-fertilizations of indigenous and European traditions. Listening assignments will focus on composers as varied as Copland and Still, Revueltas and Chihara. C. Shadle No textbook information available 21M.220 Medieval and Renaissance Music
()
Prereq: None. Coreq: 21M.301 Units: 3-0-9
Examines European, Mediterranean basin, and Latin American music in the ancient world, Middle Ages, and the Renaissance (to 1630). Interweaves a chronological survey with the intensive study of three topics, which are usually chant and its development, music in Italy 1340-1420, and music in Elizabethan England. Focuses on methods and pitfalls in studying music of the distant past. Students work with original sources and facsimiles in crafting research papers, presentation, and assignments. J. Jones 21M.223 Folk Music of the British Isles and North America
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the production, transmission, preservation and the qualities of folk music in the British Isles and North America from the 18th century to the folk revival of the 1960s and the present. Special emphasis on balladry, fiddle styles, and African-American influences. Enrollment limited. J. Maurer 21M.226 Jazz
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 URL: http://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: R10-1 (38-166)
Historical survey from roots in African and American contexts, including spirituals, blues, and ragtime, through early jazz, Swing, bebop, and post-bop movements, with attention to recent developments. Key jazz styles, the relation of music and society, and major figures such as Armstrong, Ellington, Basie, Goodman, Parker, Monk, Mingus, Coltrane, and others are considered. Some investigation of cross-influences with popular, classical, folk, and rock musics. Enrollment may be limited. P. Kenagy No textbook information available 21M.235 Baroque and Classical Music
()
Prereq: 21M.301 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW12.30-2 (4-158)
Surveys genres from the Western tradition composed in the 17th and 18th centuries: opera, cantata, oratorio, sonata, concerto, quartet and symphony. Includes the composers Monteverdi, Purcell, Lully, Strozzi, Vivaldi, Bach, Handel, Haydn, Bologne, and Mozart. Bases written essays, projects, and oral presentations on live performances as well as listening and reading assignments. Basic music score-reading ability required. T.Neff Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21M.250 Nineteenth-Century Music
()
Prereq: 21M.301 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: MW3.30-5 (4-158)
Surveys 19th century Western concert music including Lied/song, choral music, opera, piano sonata/character piece, concerto, and symphony/symphonic poem. Includes the composers Beethoven, Schubert, Berlioz, Chopin, Farrenc, Brahms, Verdi, Tchaikovsky, Beach, Smyth, and Mahler. Bases written work and oral presentations on live performances as well as listening and reading assignments. Basic score-reading ability recommended. T. Neff Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21M.260 Music since 1900
()
Prereq: 21M.301 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Surveys musical works drawn from many genres, representing stylistic movements that have transformed classical music over the past hundred years. Focal topics include musical modernism, serialism, neoclassicism, nationalism and ideology, minimalism, and aleatoric and noise composition experiments. Discusses electronic and computer music, and new media and the postmodern present. Begins with Stravinsky's early ballets and ends with music by current MIT composers and other important figures active today. Ability to read music required. Instruction and practice in oral and written communication provided. Staff 21M.269 Studies in Western Music History
(, )
Prereq: 21M.301 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: TR3.30-5 (4-158)
Explores particular questions or repertories in Western classical music. Requires individual participation, presentations, and writing. Topics vary each year. Examples include women in music, musical borrowing, the Ars Nova, Schumann, or music after 1990. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. Fall: S. Iker Spring: M. Marks Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21M.271 Symphony and Concerto
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores the style, form, and history of approximately two dozen pieces of canonical symphonic repertoire. Students write short reviews of musicological articles on the rich cultural history of selected works and complete one project about classical music in contemporary society. Basic score-reading ability required. Staff 21M.273 Opera
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on the different styles and dramatic approaches exhibited by a range of operas. Important themes include dramatic and musical conventions, processes of adaptation, cultural and critical questions, and staging as a type of interpretation. Basic score-reading ability required. E. Pollock 21M.283 Musicals
()
Prereq: One subject in film, music, or theater or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers select Broadway stage works and Hollywood films in depth. Proceeds chronologically within four historical categories: breakthrough musicals of the 1920s and '30s; classic "book musicals" of the '40s and '50s; modernist and concept musicals of the '60s and '70s; and postmodern and cutting-edge works of the '80s and '90s. Recent musicals also explored. Attention given to the role of music in relation to script, characterization, and dramatic structure. Papers involve comparison of at least one stage and one film work, selected in consultation with the instructor. Oral presentations required and in-class performances encouraged. M. Marks 21M.284 Film Music
()
(Subject meets with CMS.925) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides a conceptual foundation and methodology for the study of music created for various types of (mainly) narrative films, from the medium's origins in the early twentieth century to the present. Close attention to select influential scores by composers active in Hollywood from the 1940s to the 1990s (e.g., Max Steiner, Bernard Herrmann, Quincy Jones, John Williams, Philip Glass). Those works are juxtaposed with landmarks of alternative film and musical styles from other countries and centers of production. Subsidiary topics include the history and challenges of live musical accompaniment to silent films, and the evolution of recording and sound-editing technologies from the studio era to the global present. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments. Some background in the study of film and/or music is desirable, but not a prerequisite. M. Marks 21M.285 The Beatles
()
Prereq: 21M.301 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Surveys the music of the Beatles, from the band's early years as the Quarrymen (1956-1960), through the rise of "Beatlemania" in the 1960s, and the break-up of the group with the turn of 1970. Listening and reading assignments focus on the construction and analysis of selected songs with the goal of mapping how the Beatles' musical style changed from skiffle and rock to studio-based experimentation and the concept album. Discussions include the cultural influences that helped shape not only the music, but also the image of the group and its individual members, as well as the Beatles' influence on both popular music and culture worldwide. Limited to 21. Staff 21M.289 Studies in Western Classical Genres
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 21M.301 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Explores topics concerned with specific types of classical music, such as repertories for instrumental soloists and/or small ensembles, orchestral works, solo songs, choral works, or compositions for theater, film, or new media. Topics vary and may require additional prerequisites or specialized skills such as score-reading or playing an instrument. Examples include the English madrigal, Baroque chamber music, Beethoven's symphonies, French art song, Wagner's 'Ring' cycle, American choral music, Stravinsky's theater works, and the Hollywood film score. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. Staff 21M.291 Music of India
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on Hindustani classical music of North India, and also involves learning about the ancient foundations of the rich classical traditions of music and dance of all Indian art and culture. Practice of the ragas and talas through the learning of songs, dance, and drumming compositions. Develops insights through listening, readings, and concert attendance. Staff 21M.292 Musics in Bali
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Studies diverse musical practices in Bali, Indonesia. Students encounter a broad spectrum of Balinese musics — from ancient ritual and court musics to popular genres, internationally renowned gamelan traditions to radical contemporary and fusion compositions — engaging with their structures and techniques through music-making, listening analysis, music theory, composition, and dance. Explores the cultural, political, social, and historical contexts of these musics, grappling with complex questions of identity, representation, power, and belief through readings and discussion forums, creative open-ended projects, and in-depth class discussion. No musical experience required. Limited to 15. L. Tilley 21M.293 Musics of Africa
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR12.30-2 (W18-1202)
Studies musical traditions of sub-Saharan Africa, with focus on West Africa. Explores a variety of musical practices and their cultural contexts through listening, reading and writing assignments with an emphasis on class discussion. Includes in-class instruction in drumming, song and dance of Senegal, Ghana, and South Africa, as well as live lecture-demonstrations by guest performers from throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Limited to 15; preference to majors, minors, concentrators. Admittance may be controlled by lottery. P. Tang No textbook information available 21M.294 Popular Musics of the World
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines select popular music genres from around the world through audio-visual materials, reading assignments, and classroom discussion. Considers issues of globalization, appropriation, and the impact of social media. Case studies include bhangra, Latin pop, Afropop, reggae, Kpop, and global hip-hop. Limited to 25; preference to Music majors, minors, concentrators. Admittance may be controlled by lottery. E. Ziporyn 21M.295 American Popular Music
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR11-12.30 (4-364)
Surveys the development of popular music in the US, and in a cross-cultural milieu, relative to the history and sociology of the last two hundred years. Examines the mixture that characterizes modern music, and how it reflects many rich traditions and styles (minstrelsy, Tin Pan Alley, blues, country, rock, soul, rap, techno, etc.). Provides a background for understanding the musical vocabulary of current popular music styles. Limited to 20. W. Marshall Textbooks (Spring 2025) 21M.296 Studies in Jazz and Popular Music
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Studies of selected topics in popular music and/or jazz. Topics vary. Examples include Duke Ellington, Bob Dylan, hip-hop, and the 1980s. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. W. Marshall 21M.297[J] Cultures of Popular Music in East Asia: Japan, Korea, China
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21G.095[J], WGS.150[J]) (Subject meets with 21G.595) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores a variety of music cultures in contemporary East Asia. Emphasizes examples from Japan, but forays elsewhere, including South Korea and China. Uses writings, videos, and recordings of musical performances, events, and objects in a variety of contexts to better understand how the concept of culture gives insight into gender, class, sexuality, race, ethnicity, nationhood, and individual identities. Explores ethnographic approaches to musical cultures with a focus on the last thirty years. Topics include Japanese hip-hop, K-Pop idols, Vocaloids (virtual idols), Chinese popular music and protest, street music, streaming and online distribution for global music, and experimental music. Students conduct ethnographic fieldwork and produce sonic presentations. No music experience nor technical expertise required. Taught in English. I. Condry 21M.299 Studies in Global Musics
()
Prereq: 21M.030 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: MW2-3.30 (4-158)
Studies of selected topics in ethnomusicology (the study of music in culture). Topics vary. Examples include the social lives of musical instruments, music and storytelling, fieldwork methodologies, music and politics, and theories of global musics. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. J. Maurer No required or recommended textbooks Composition/Theory21M.301 Harmony and Counterpoint I
(, )
(Subject meets with 21M.541) Prereq: 21M.051, 21M.151, or permission of instructor Units: 3-3-6 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: MW11-12.30 (4-162) or MW2-3.30 (4-162) or TR11-12.30 (4-162) Lab: F2 (4-270)
Explores Western diatonic music through regular composition and analysis assignments. Engages a broad range of historical periods, traditions, and individuals. Topics include rhythm and meter, harmony and counterpoint within a single key, and a brief overview of form and modulation. Individual skills are addressed through a variety of approaches, including the required piano and sight singing labs. Local musicians perform final composition projects. Students should be proficient in reading Western staff notation in at least one clef and have experience with key signatures and scales. Students taking the graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 18 per section. Fall: E. Ruehr, D. David Spring: E. Ruehr, w. Cutter, D. David No textbook information available 21M.302 Harmony and Counterpoint II
(, )
Prereq: 21M.301 or permission of instructor Units: 3-2-7 URL: http://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: TR11-12.30 (4-152) or TR12.30-2 (4-158) Lab: R4 (4-152) or F4 (4-162)
A continuation of 21M.301, including chromatic harmony and modulation, a more extensive composition project, keyboard laboratory, and musicianship laboratory. Limited to 20 per section. Fall: W. Cutter, D. Derek Spring: S. Iker, G. Saraydarian No textbook information available 21M.303 Writing in Tonal Forms I
()
Prereq: 21M.302 Units: 3-1-8 Subject Cancelled
Written and analytic exercises based on 18th- and 19th-century small forms and harmonic practice found in music such as the chorale preludes of Bach; minuets and trios of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven; and the songs and character pieces of Schubert and Schumann. Musicianship laboratory is required. Limited to 20 per section. C. Shadle 21M.304 Writing in Tonal Forms II
()
Prereq: 21M.303 Units: 3-1-8 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: MW3.30-5 (4-162) Lab: R4 (4-152) or F4 (4-162)
Further written and analytic exercises in tonal music, focusing on larger or more challenging forms. For example, students might compose a sonata-form movement for piano or a two-part invention in the style of Bach. Students have opportunities to write short works that experiment with the expanded tonal techniques of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Musicianship laboratory is required. Limited to 20. C. Shadle, G. Saraydarian No textbook information available 21M.310 Techniques of 20th-Century Composition
()
Prereq: 21M.302 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Students complete written and analytical exercises based on compositional forms and practices from the first half of the 20th century. Areas covered include compositions based upon artificial scales and modes, as in Debussy, Bartok, and Stravinsky; compositions based on atonal pitch organizations, as with Schoenberg and Webern; compositions based on rhythmic process, timbral exploration, and/or non-Western influences. Basic instrumentation will be taught, and compositions will be performed in class. C. Shadle 21M.340 Jazz Harmony and Arranging
(, )
Prereq: 21M.051, 21M.226, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: http://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: TR12.30-2 (4-162)
Basic harmony and theory of mainstream jazz and blues; includes required listening in jazz, writing and analysis work, and two full-scale arrangements. Serves as preparation for more advanced work in jazz with application to rock and pop music. Performance of student arrangements. Limited to 15. Fall: L. Haruvi Spring: L. Haruvi No textbook information available 21M.341 Jazz Composition
()
Prereq: 21M.226, 21M.340, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR9.30-11 (4-162)
Jazz writing using tonal, modal, and extended compositional approaches as applied to the blues, the 32-bar song form, and post-bop structural designs. Consideration given to a variety of styles and to the ways improvisation informs the compositional process. Study of works by Ellington, Mingus, Parker, Russell, Golson, Coleman, Coltrane, Hancock, Tyner, Davis, and others. Performance of student compositions. Limited to 15. L. Haruvi No textbook information available 21M.342 Composing for Jazz Orchestra
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule
Explores composition and arrangement for the large jazz ensembles from 1920s foundations to current postmodern practice. Consideration given to a variety of styles and to the interaction of improvisation and composition. Study of works by Basie, Ellington, Evans, Gillespie, Golson, Mingus, Morris, Nelson, Williams, and others. Open rehearsals, workshops, and performances of student compositions by the MIT Festival Jazz Ensemble and the Aardvark Jazz Orchestra. Limited to 15. Staff 21M.351 Music Composition
()
(Subject meets with 21M.505) Prereq: 21M.304, 21M.310, or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://mta.mit.edu/music/class-schedule Lecture: M2-5 (4-152)
Directed composition of original writing involving voices and/or instruments. Includes a weekly seminar in composition for the presentation and discussion of work in progress. Students are expected to produce at least one substantive work that will be performed in public by the end of the term. Contemporary compositions and major works from 20th-century music literature are studied. Students taking the graduate version complete different assignments. C. Shadle No textbook information available 21M.355 Musical Improvisation
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: W12.30-3.30 (14W-111)
Students study concepts and practice techniques of improvisation in solo and ensemble contexts. Centered on the jazz tradition, examines relationships between improvisation, composition, and performance, utilizing both mainstream and experimental approaches. Students are expected to perform in class on a regular basis. Involves extensive listening and analysis. Music reading skills are required, as is intermediate instrumental or vocal proficiency. Enrollment limited to 15; open by audition to instrumental or vocal performers. M. Zenon No textbook information available 21M.359 Studies in Musical Composition, Theory and Analysis
()
Prereq: 21M.051 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Explores techniques associated with musical composition and/or analysis. Written exercises in the form of music (composition) and/or prose (papers) may be required, depending on the topic. Topics vary each year; examples include fugue, contemporary aesthetics of composition, orchestration, music analysis, or music and mathematics. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. Limited to 18. L. Jaye Music Technology21M.361 Electronic Music Composition I
(, )
(Subject meets with 21M.561) Prereq: None Units: 2-1-9 Lecture: TR12.30-2 (W18-1311) or TR3.30-5 (W18-1311)
Students develop basic skills in composition through weekly assignments focusing on sampling and audio processing. Source materials include samples of urban/natural environments, electronically generated sounds, inherent studio/recording noise, and pre-existing recordings. Audio processing includes digital signal processing (DSP) and analog devices. Covers compositional techniques, including mixing, algorithms, studio improvisation, and interaction. Students critique each other's work and give informal presentations on recordings drawn from sound art, experimental electronica, conventional and non-conventional classical electronic works, and popular music. Covers technology, math, and acoustics in varying detail. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Limited to 15 per section; ; preference to Music Technology graduate students, Music majors, minors, and concentrators. Fall: I. Hattwick Spring: P. Whincop No textbook information available 21M.362 Electronic Music Composition II
()
(Subject meets with 21M.562) Prereq: 21M.361 or permission of instructor Units: 2-2-8
Explores sophisticated synthesis techniques, from finely tuned additive to noise filtering and distortion, granular synthesis to vintage emulation. Incorporates production techniques and use of multimedia, with guest lecturers/performers. Considers composing environments such as Max/MSP/Jitter, SPEAR, SoundHack, and Mathematica. Assignments include diverse listening sessions, followed by oral or written presentations, weekly sound studies, critiques, and modular compositions/soundscapes. Prior significant computer music experience preferred. Consult instructor for technical requirements. Students taking graduate version complete different assignments. Limited to 10. P. Whincop 21M.365[J] DJ History, Technique, and Technology
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Course 21T: Theater Arts |
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Undergraduate Subjects21T.100 Theater Arts Production
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Women's and Gender Studies Program |
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Consult the program office, 14N-213, for information about other subjects that may qualify for WGS credit. Undergraduate SubjectsWGS.101 Introduction to Women's and Gender Studies
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: MW2-3.30 (4-145)
Drawing on multiple disciplines - such as literature, history, economics, psychology, philosophy, political science, anthropology, media studies and the arts - to examine cultural assumptions about sex, gender, and sexuality. Integrates analysis of current events through student presentations, aiming to increase awareness of contemporary and historical experiences of women, and of the ways sex and gender interact with race, class, nationality, and other social identities. Students are introduced to recent scholarship on gender and its implications for traditional disciplines. Fall: A. Walsh Spring: Alessandra Jungs de Almeida No textbook information available WGS.109 Women and Global Activism in Media and Politics
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR9.30-11 (4-159)
An interdisciplinary subject that examines questions of feminism, international women's issues, and globalization through the study of novels, films, critical essays, painting and music. Considers how women redefine the notions of community and nation, how development affects their lives, and how access to the internet and to the production industry impacts women's lives. Primary topics of interest include transformations of traditional values, social change, gender role distribution, identity formation, migration flows, globalization and development, popular culture, urban life, cyber-culture, activism, and human rights. Limited to 25 when Writing Tutor is assigned to the class. Otherwise, limited to 18. A. Sur No textbook information available WGS.110[J] Sexual and Gender Identities in the Modern United States
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(Same subject as 21H.108[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Provides an introduction to the history of gender, sex, and sexuality in the modern United States, from the end of the 19th century to the present. Surveys historical approaches to the field, emphasizing the changing nature of sexual and gender identities over time. Traces attempts to control, construct, and contain sexual and gender identities. Examines the efforts of those who worked to resist, reject, and reform institutionalized heterosexuality and mainstream configurations of gendered power. Staff WGS.111[J] Gender and Media Studies
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(Same subject as CMS.619[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines representations of race, gender, and sexual identity in the media. Considers issues of authorship, spectatorship, and the ways in which various media (film, television, print journalism, advertising) enable, facilitate, and challenge these social constructions in society. Studies the impact of new media and digital media through analysis of gendered and racialized language and embodiment online in blogs and vlogs, avatars, and in the construction of cyberidentities. Provides introduction to feminist approaches to media studies by drawing from work in feminist film theory, cultural studies, gender and politics, and cyberfeminism. Arain, Hafsa WGS.115 Gender and Technology
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Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Considers a wide range of issues related to the contemporary and historical use of technology, the development of new technologies, and the cultural representation of technology, including the role women have played in the development of technology and the effect of technological change on the roles of women and ideas of gender. Discusses the social implications of technology and its understanding and deployment in different cultural contexts. Investigates the relationships between technology and identity categories, such as gender, race, class, and sexuality. Examines how technology offers possibilities for new social relations and how to evaluate them. Jungs de Almeida, Alessandra WGS.118[J] Gender in the Visual Arts
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as CMS.418[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores gender and race through interdisciplinary perspectives from film and visual studies, art history, and performance studies. Provides an overview of methodologies and practices, with an emphasis on contemporary artists working across mediums. Contextualizes artistic output within broader systems of power and cultural institutions. Reflects on the politics of visibility, hypervisibility, and invisibility through an intersectional feminist approach that draws on perspectives from trans*, queer, feminist, dis/ability, and critical race theory. Lectures are supplemented by screenings, discussions, workshops, guest lectures, and optional field trips. Culminates in a final creative project that includes a presentation. Staff WGS.120[J] Science in Action: Technologies and Controversies in Everyday Life
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Course 22: Nuclear Science and Engineering |
| | | 22.00-22.099 plus UROP, UPOP, and ThU | | | 22.101-22.599 | | | 22.60-22.THG | | | |
Undergraduate Subjects22.00 Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
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Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.021, 3.021, 10.333, 22.00) Prereq: 18.03 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR3-4.30 (4-231) Recitation: W3 (4-153)
Basic concepts of computer modeling and simulation in science and engineering. Uses techniques and software for simulation, data analysis and visualization. Continuum, mesoscale, atomistic and quantum methods used to study fundamental and applied problems in physics, chemistry, materials science, mechanics, engineering, and biology. Examples drawn from the disciplines above are used to understand or characterize complex structures and materials, and complement experimental observations. M. Buehler, A. Hoffman No textbook information available 22.001 Introduction to Undergraduate Research I
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| | | 22.00-22.099 plus UROP, UPOP, and ThU | | | 22.101-22.599 | | | 22.60-22.THG | | | |
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Course 24: Linguistics and Philosophy |
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Discovery-focused24.93 The Search for Meaning
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(Subject meets with 24.A03) Prereq: None Units: 1-0-1 [P/D/F]
"We create islands of meaning in the sea of information" (Freeman Dyson). Primarily explores meanings conveyed through language, with an emphasis on concepts and tools from linguistics. Also brings in ideas from information theory, cryptography, logic, psychology, anthropology, computer science, philosophy, and literature. Topics include human language and its core properties, writing systems, auxiliary systems (talking drums, whistled languages), animal communication systems, the interplay of language and thought, the social dimensions of meaning, the unreasonable effectiveness of cursing, and much more. Includes some reading and thinking outside class, but no problem sets or papers. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. K. von Fintel Philosophy
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Concourse Program
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Concourse Science Subjects
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| | | CC.00 - CC.UR | | | |
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Common Ground for Computing Education
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The Common Ground for Computing Education is a cross-cutting initiative of the Schwarzman College of Computing that facilitates collaborations across multiple departments to teach broadly-applicable computing topics that are intertwined with discipline-specific content. The Common Ground involves participation by all five of MIT's Schools. Machine Learning, Optimization, Inference1.C01 Machine Learning for Sustainable Systems
(); second half of term
(Subject meets with 1.C51) Prereq: 6.C01 and ((1.000 and 1.010) or permission of instructor) Units: 1-1-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR10.30-12 (1-390) Recitation: F1 (1-390)
Building on core material in 6.C01, emphasizes the design and operation of sustainable systems. Illustrates how to leverage heterogeneous data from urban services, cities, and the environment, and apply machine learning methods to evaluate and/or improve sustainability solutions. Provides case studies from various domains, such as transportation and urban mobility, energy and water resources, environmental monitoring, infrastructure sensing and control, climate adaptation, and disaster resilience. Projects focus on using machine learning to identify new insights or decisions that can help engineer sustainability in societal-scale systems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C01. S. Amin No required or recommended textbooks 1.C51 Machine Learning for Sustainable Systems
(); second half of term
(Subject meets with 1.C01) Prereq: 6.C51 and ((6.3700 and 18.06) or permission of instructor) Units: 1-1-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR10.30-12 (1-390) Recitation: F1 (1-390)
Building on core material in 6.C51, emphasizes the design and operation of sustainable systems. Students learn to leverage heterogeneous data from urban services, cities, and the environment, and apply machine learning methods to evaluate and/or improve sustainability solutions. Provides case studies from various domains, such as transportation and mobility, energy and water resources, environment monitoring, infrastructure sensing and control, climate adaptation, and disaster resilience. Projects focus on using machine learning to identify new insights or decisions to help engineer sustainability in societal-scale systems. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. S. Amin No required or recommended textbooks 2.C01 Physical Systems Modeling and Design Using Machine Learning
(); second half of term
(Subject meets with 2.C51) Prereq: 2.086 and 6.C01 Units: 1-3-2 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: F11-1 (3-270)
Building on core material in 6.C01, encourages open-ended exploration of the increasingly topical intersection between artificial intelligence and the physical sciences. Uses energy and information, and their respective optimality conditions, to define supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms as well as ordinary and partial differential equations. Subsequently, physical systems with complex constitutive relationships are drawn from elasticity, biophysics, fluid mechanics, hydrodynamics, acoustics, and electromagnetics to illustrate how machine learning-inspired optimization can approximate solutions to forward and inverse problems in these domains. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C01. G. Barbastathis No textbook information available 2.C51 Physical Systems Modeling and Design Using Machine Learning
(); second half of term
(Subject meets with 2.C01) Prereq: 6.C51 and (18.0751 or 18.0851) Units: 1-3-2 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: F11-1 (3-270)
Building on core material in 6.C51, encourages open-ended exploration of the increasingly topical intersection between artificial intelligence and the physical sciences. Uses energy and information, and their respective optimality conditions, to define supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms as well as ordinary and partial differential equations. Subsequently, physical systems with complex constitutive relationships are drawn from elasticity, biophysics, fluid mechanics, hydrodynamics, acoustics, and electromagnetics to illustrate how machine learning-inspired optimization can approximate solutions to forward and inverse problems in these domains. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. G. Barbastathis No textbook information available 3.C01[J] Machine Learning for Molecular Engineering
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(Same subject as 10.C01[J], 20.C01[J]) (Subject meets with 3.C51[J], 7.C01, 7.C51, 10.C51[J], 20.C51[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C01 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Building on core material in 6.C01, provides an introduction to the use of machine learning to solve problems arising in the science and engineering of biology, chemistry, and materials. Equips students to design and implement machine learning approaches to challenges such as analysis of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc.), microscopy, spectroscopy, or crystallography data and design of new molecules and materials such as drugs, catalysts, polymer, alloys, ceramics, and proteins. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C01. R. Gomez-Bombarelli, C. Coley, E. Fraenkel, J. Davis No textbook information available 3.C51[J] Machine Learning for Molecular Engineering
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(Same subject as 10.C51[J], 20.C51[J]) (Subject meets with 3.C01[J], 7.C01, 7.C51, 10.C01[J], 20.C01[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C51 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Building on core material in 6.C51, provides an introduction to the use of machine learning to solve problems arising in the science and engineering of biology, chemistry, and materials. Equips students to design and implement machine learning approaches to challenges such as analysis of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc.), microscopy, spectroscopy, or crystallography data and design of new molecules and materials such as drugs, catalysts, polymer, alloys, ceramics, and proteins. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. R. Gomez-Bombarelli, C. Coley, E. Fraenkel, J. Davis No textbook information available 6.C01 Modeling with Machine Learning: from Algorithms to Applications
(); first half of term
(Subject meets with 6.C51) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and 6.100A; Coreq: 1.C01, 2.C01, 3.C01, 6.C011, 7.C01, or 22.C01 Units: 2-0-4 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: MW2.30-4 (32-123)
Focuses on modeling with machine learning methods with an eye towards applications in engineering and sciences. Introduction to modern machine learning methods, from supervised to unsupervised models, with an emphasis on newer neural approaches. Emphasis on the understanding of how and why the methods work from the point of view of modeling, and when they are applicable. Using concrete examples, covers formulation of machine learning tasks, adapting and extending methods to given problems, and how the methods can and should be evaluated. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of a 6-unit disciplinary module in the same semester. Enrollment may be limited. Staff No textbook information available 6.C06[J] Linear Algebra and Optimization
()
(Same subject as 18.C06[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 18.06, 18.700, ES.1806
Introductory course in linear algebra and optimization, assuming no prior exposure to linear algebra and starting from the basics, including vectors, matrices, eigenvalues, singular values, and least squares. Covers the basics in optimization including convex optimization, linear/quadratic programming, gradient descent, and regularization, building on insights from linear algebra. Explores a variety of applications in science and engineering, where the tools developed give powerful ways to understand complex systems and also extract structure from data. Staff 6.C51 Modeling with Machine Learning: from Algorithms to Applications
(); first half of term
(Subject meets with 6.C01) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) and 6.100A; Coreq: 1.C51, 2.C51, 3.C51, 6.C511, 7.C51, 22.C51, or SCM.C51 Units: 2-0-4 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: MW2.30-4 (32-123)
Focuses on modeling with machine learning methods with an eye towards applications in engineering and sciences. Introduction to modern machine learning methods, from supervised to unsupervised models, with an emphasis on newer neural approaches. Emphasis on the understanding of how and why the methods work from the point of view of modeling, and when they are applicable. Using concrete examples, covers formulation of machine learning tasks, adapting and extending methods to given problems, and how the methods can and should be evaluated. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of a 6-unit disciplinary module in the same semester. Enrollment may be limited. R. Barzilay, M. Ghassemi No textbook information available 6.C57[J] Optimization Methods
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(Same subject as 15.C57[J], IDS.C57[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C571[J], 15.C571[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to the methods and applications of optimization. Topics include linear optimization, duality, non-linear optimization, integer optimization, and optimization under uncertainty. Instruction provided in modeling techniques to address problems arising in practice, mathematical theory to understand the structure of optimization problems, computational algorithms to solve complex optimization problems, and practical applications. Covers several examples and in-depth case studies based on real-world data to showcase impactful applications of optimization across management and engineering. Computational exercises based on the Julia-based programming language JuMP. Includes a term project. Basic competency in computational programming and linear algebra recommended. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. This subject was previously listed as 15.093/6.7200/IDS.200. A. Jacquillat, H. Lu 6.C571[J] Optimization Methods
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(Same subject as 15.C571[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C57[J], 15.C57[J], IDS.C57[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to the methods and applications of optimization. Topics include linear optimization, duality, non-linear optimization, integer optimization, and optimization under uncertainty. Instruction provided in modeling techniques to address problems arising in practice, mathematical theory to understand the structure of optimization problems, computational algorithms to solve complex optimization problems, and practical applications. Covers several examples and in-depth case studies based on real-world data to showcase impactful applications of optimization across management and engineering. Computational exercises based on the Julia-based programming language JuMP. Includes a term project. Basic competency in computational programming and linear algebra recommended. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. This subject was previously listed as 6.7201. One section primarily reserved for Sloan students; check syllabus for details. A. Jacquillat, H. Lu 7.C01 Machine Learning in Molecular and Cellular Biology
()
(Subject meets with 3.C01[J], 3.C51[J], 7.C51, 10.C01[J], 10.C51[J], 20.C01[J], 20.C51[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR), 6.100A, 6.C01, and 7.05 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Introduces machine learning as a tool to understand natural biological systems, with an evolving emphasis on problems in molecular and cellular biology that are being actively advanced using machine learning. Students design, implement, and interpret machine learning approaches to aid in predicting protein structure, probing protein structure/function relationships, and imaging biological systems at scales ranging from the atomic to cellular. Students taking graduate version complete an additional project-based assignment. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C01. C. Coley, J. Davis, E. Fraenkel, R. Gomez-Bombarelli No textbook information available 7.C51 Machine Learning in Molecular and Cellular Biology
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(Subject meets with 3.C01[J], 3.C51[J], 7.C01, 10.C01[J], 10.C51[J], 20.C01[J], 20.C51[J]) Prereq: Biology (GIR), 6.100A, 6.C51, and 7.05 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Introduces machine learning as a tool to understand natural biological systems, with an evolving emphasis on problems in molecular and cellular biology that are being actively advanced using machine learning. Students design, implement, and interpret machine learning approaches to aid in predicting protein structure, probing protein structure/function relationships, and imaging biological systems at scales ranging from the atomic to cellular. Students taking graduate version complete an additional project-based assignment. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. C. Coley, J. Davis, E. Fraenkel, R. Gomez-Bombarelli No textbook information available 10.C01[J] Machine Learning for Molecular Engineering
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(Same subject as 3.C01[J], 20.C01[J]) (Subject meets with 3.C51[J], 7.C01, 7.C51, 10.C51[J], 20.C51[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C01 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Building on core material in 6.C01, provides an introduction to the use of machine learning to solve problems arising in the science and engineering of biology, chemistry, and materials. Equips students to design and implement machine learning approaches to challenges such as analysis of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc.), microscopy, spectroscopy, or crystallography data and design of new molecules and materials such as drugs, catalysts, polymer, alloys, ceramics, and proteins. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C01. R. Gomez-Bombarelli, C. Coley, E. Fraenkel, J. Davis No textbook information available 10.C51[J] Machine Learning for Molecular Engineering
()
(Same subject as 3.C51[J], 20.C51[J]) (Subject meets with 3.C01[J], 7.C01, 7.C51, 10.C01[J], 20.C01[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C51 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Building on core material in 6.C51, provides an introduction to the use of machine learning to solve problems arising in the science and engineering of biology, chemistry, and materials. Equips students to design and implement machine learning approaches to challenges such as analysis of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc.), microscopy, spectroscopy, or crystallography data and design of new molecules and materials such as drugs, catalysts, polymer, alloys, ceramics, and proteins. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. R. Gomez-Bombarelli, C. Coley, E. Fraenkel, J. Davis No textbook information available 15.C08[J] Causal Inference
()
(Same subject as 17.C08[J]) Prereq: 6.3800, 6.3900, 6.C01, 14.32, 17.803, 18.05, 18.650, or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Provides an accessible overview of modern quantitative methods for causal inference: testing whether an action causes an outcome to occur. Makes heavy use of applied, real-data examples using Python or R and drawn from the participating domains (economics, political science, business, public policy, etc.). Covers topics including potential outcomes, causal graphs, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, instrumental variable estimation, and a contrast with machine learning techniques. Seeks to provide an intuitive understanding of the core concepts and techniques to help students produce and consume evidence of causal claims. J. Doyle, R. Rigobon, T. Yamamoto 15.C57[J] Optimization Methods
()
(Same subject as 6.C57[J], IDS.C57[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C571[J], 15.C571[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to the methods and applications of optimization. Topics include linear optimization, duality, non-linear optimization, integer optimization, and optimization under uncertainty. Instruction provided in modeling techniques to address problems arising in practice, mathematical theory to understand the structure of optimization problems, computational algorithms to solve complex optimization problems, and practical applications. Covers several examples and in-depth case studies based on real-world data to showcase impactful applications of optimization across management and engineering. Computational exercises based on the Julia-based programming language JuMP. Includes a term project. Basic competency in computational programming and linear algebra recommended. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. This subject was previously listed as 15.093/6.7200/IDS.200. A. Jacquillat, H. Lu 15.C571[J] Optimization Methods
()
(Same subject as 6.C571[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C57[J], 15.C57[J], IDS.C57[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to the methods and applications of optimization. Topics include linear optimization, duality, non-linear optimization, integer optimization, and optimization under uncertainty. Instruction provided in modeling techniques to address problems arising in practice, mathematical theory to understand the structure of optimization problems, computational algorithms to solve complex optimization problems, and practical applications. Covers several examples and in-depth case studies based on real-world data to showcase impactful applications of optimization across management and engineering. Computational exercises based on the Julia-based programming language JuMP. Includes a term project. Basic competency in computational programming and linear algebra recommended. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. This subject was previously listed as 6.7201. One section primarily reserved for Sloan students; check syllabus for details. A. Jacquillat, H. Lu 17.C08[J] Causal Inference
()
(Same subject as 15.C08[J]) Prereq: 6.3800, 6.3900, 6.C01, 14.32, 17.803, 18.05, 18.650, or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Provides an accessible overview of modern quantitative methods for causal inference: testing whether an action causes an outcome to occur. Makes heavy use of applied, real-data examples using Python or R and drawn from the participating domains (economics, political science, business, public policy, etc.). Covers topics including potential outcomes, causal graphs, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, instrumental variable estimation, and a contrast with machine learning techniques. Seeks to provide an intuitive understanding of the core concepts and techniques to help students produce and consume evidence of causal claims. J. Doyle, R. Rigobon, T. Yamamoto 18.C06[J] Linear Algebra and Optimization
()
(Same subject as 6.C06[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR) Units: 5-0-7 Credit cannot also be received for 18.06, 18.700, ES.1806
Introductory course in linear algebra and optimization, assuming no prior exposure to linear algebra and starting from the basics, including vectors, matrices, eigenvalues, singular values, and least squares. Covers the basics in optimization including convex optimization, linear/quadratic programming, gradient descent, and regularization, building on insights from linear algebra. Explores a variety of applications in science and engineering, where the tools developed give powerful ways to understand complex systems and also extract structure from data. Staff 20.C01[J] Machine Learning for Molecular Engineering
()
(Same subject as 3.C01[J], 10.C01[J]) (Subject meets with 3.C51[J], 7.C01, 7.C51, 10.C51[J], 20.C51[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C01 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Building on core material in 6.C01, provides an introduction to the use of machine learning to solve problems arising in the science and engineering of biology, chemistry, and materials. Equips students to design and implement machine learning approaches to challenges such as analysis of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc.), microscopy, spectroscopy, or crystallography data and design of new molecules and materials such as drugs, catalysts, polymer, alloys, ceramics, and proteins. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C01. R. Gomez-Bombarelli, C. Coley, E. Fraenkel, J. Davis No textbook information available 20.C51[J] Machine Learning for Molecular Engineering
()
(Same subject as 3.C51[J], 10.C51[J]) (Subject meets with 3.C01[J], 7.C01, 7.C51, 10.C01[J], 20.C01[J]) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C51 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3 (45-230)
Building on core material in 6.C51, provides an introduction to the use of machine learning to solve problems arising in the science and engineering of biology, chemistry, and materials. Equips students to design and implement machine learning approaches to challenges such as analysis of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc.), microscopy, spectroscopy, or crystallography data and design of new molecules and materials such as drugs, catalysts, polymer, alloys, ceramics, and proteins. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. R. Gomez-Bombarelli, C. Coley, E. Fraenkel, J. Davis No textbook information available 22.C01 Modeling with Machine Learning: Nuclear Science and Engineering Applications
()
(Subject meets with 22.C51) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C01 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW9.30-11 (24-115)
Building on core material in 6.C01, focuses on applying various machine learning techniques to a broad range of topics which are of core value in modern nuclear science and engineering. Relevant topics include machine learning on fusion and plasma diagnosis, reactor physics and nuclear fission, nuclear materials properties, quantum engineering and nuclear materials, and nuclear security. Special components center on the additional machine learning architectures that are most relevant to a certain field, the implementation, and picking up the right problems to solve using a machine learning approach. Final project dedicated to the field-specific applications. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C01. Staff Textbooks (Spring 2025) 22.C51 Modeling with Machine Learning: Nuclear Science and Engineering Applications
()
(Subject meets with 22.C01) Prereq: Calculus II (GIR), 6.100A, and 6.C51 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW9.30-11 (24-115)
Building on core material in 6.C51, focuses on applying various machine learning techniques to a broad range of topics which are of core value in modern nuclear science and engineering. Relevant topics include machine learning on fusion and plasma diagnosis, reactor physics and nuclear fission, nuclear materials properties, quantum engineering and nuclear materials, and nuclear security. Special components center on the additional machine learning architectures that are most relevant to a certain field, the implementation, and picking up the right problems to solve using a machine learning approach. Final project dedicated to the field-specific applications. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. Staff Textbooks (Spring 2025) IDS.C57[J] Optimization Methods
()
(Same subject as 6.C57[J], 15.C57[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C571[J], 15.C571[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Introduction to the methods and applications of optimization. Topics include linear optimization, duality, non-linear optimization, integer optimization, and optimization under uncertainty. Instruction provided in modeling techniques to address problems arising in practice, mathematical theory to understand the structure of optimization problems, computational algorithms to solve complex optimization problems, and practical applications. Covers several examples and in-depth case studies based on real-world data to showcase impactful applications of optimization across management and engineering. Computational exercises based on the Julia-based programming language JuMP. Includes a term project. Basic competency in computational programming and linear algebra recommended. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. This subject was previously listed as 15.093/6.7200/IDS.200. A. Jacquillat, H. Lu SCM.C51 Machine Learning Applications for Supply Chain Management
(); second half of term
Prereq: 6.C51 and (SCM.254 or permission of instructor) Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR2.30-4 (E51-372)
Building on core material in 6.C51, applies selected machine learning models to build practical, data-driven implementations addressing key business problems in supply chain management. Discusses challenges that typically arise in these practical implementations. Addresses relevant elements for large scale productionalization and monitoring of machine learning models in practice. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. I. Jackson No required or recommended textbooks Computational Thinking1.C25[J] Real World Computation with Julia
()
(Same subject as 6.C25[J], 12.C25[J], 16.C25[J], 18.C25[J], 22.C25[J]) Prereq: 6.100A, 18.03, and 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on algorithms and techniques for writing and using modern technical software in a job, lab, or research group environment that may consist of interdisciplinary teams, where performance may be critical, and where the software needs to be flexible and adaptable. Topics include automatic differentiation, matrix calculus, scientific machine learning, parallel and GPU computing, and performance optimization with introductory applications to climate science, economics, agent-based modeling, and other areas. Labs and projects focus on performant, readable, composable algorithms, and software. Programming will be in Julia. Expects students to have some familiarity with Python, Matlab, or R. No Julia experience necessary. A. Edelman, R. Ferrari, B. Forget, C. Leiseron,Y. Marzouk, J. Williams 2.C27[J] Computational Imaging: Physics and Algorithms
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(Same subject as 3.C27[J], 6.C27[J]) (Subject meets with 2.C67[J], 3.C67[J], 6.C67[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 and (1.00, 1.000, 2.086, 3.019, or 6.100A) Units: 3-0-9
Explores the contemporary computational understanding of imaging: encoding information about a physical object onto a form of radiation, transferring the radiation through an imaging system, converting it to a digital signal, and computationally decoding and presenting the information to the user. Introduces a unified formulation of computational imaging systems as a three-round "learning spiral": the first two rounds describe the physical and algorithmic parts in two exemplary imaging systems. The third round involves a class project on an imaging system chosen by students. Undergraduate and graduate versions share lectures but have different recitations. Involves optional "clinics" to even out background knowledge of linear algebra, optimization, and computational imaging-related programming best practices for students of diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 2.C67[J] Computational Imaging: Physics and Algorithms
()
(Same subject as 3.C67[J], 6.C67[J]) (Subject meets with 2.C27[J], 3.C27[J], 6.C27[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 and (1.00, 1.000, 2.086, 3.019, or 6.100A) Units: 3-0-9
Contemporary understanding of imaging is computational: encoding onto a form of radiation the information about a physical object, transferring the radiation through the imaging system, converting it to a digital signal, and computationally decoding and presenting the information to the user. This class introduces a unified formulation of computational imaging systems as a three-round "learning spiral": the first two rounds, instructors describe the physical and algorithmic parts in two exemplary imaging systems. The third round, students conduct themselves as the class project on an imaging system of their choice. The undergraduate and graduate versions share lectures but have different recitations. Throughout the term, we also conduct optional "clinics" to even out background knowledge of linear algebra, optimization, and computational imaging-related programming best practices for students of diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Staff 3.C27[J] Computational Imaging: Physics and Algorithms
()
(Same subject as 2.C27[J], 6.C27[J]) (Subject meets with 2.C67[J], 3.C67[J], 6.C67[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 and (1.00, 1.000, 2.086, 3.019, or 6.100A) Units: 3-0-9
Explores the contemporary computational understanding of imaging: encoding information about a physical object onto a form of radiation, transferring the radiation through an imaging system, converting it to a digital signal, and computationally decoding and presenting the information to the user. Introduces a unified formulation of computational imaging systems as a three-round "learning spiral": the first two rounds describe the physical and algorithmic parts in two exemplary imaging systems. The third round involves a class project on an imaging system chosen by students. Undergraduate and graduate versions share lectures but have different recitations. Involves optional "clinics" to even out background knowledge of linear algebra, optimization, and computational imaging-related programming best practices for students of diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 3.C67[J] Computational Imaging: Physics and Algorithms
()
(Same subject as 2.C67[J], 6.C67[J]) (Subject meets with 2.C27[J], 3.C27[J], 6.C27[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 and (1.00, 1.000, 2.086, 3.019, or 6.100A) Units: 3-0-9
Contemporary understanding of imaging is computational: encoding onto a form of radiation the information about a physical object, transferring the radiation through the imaging system, converting it to a digital signal, and computationally decoding and presenting the information to the user. This class introduces a unified formulation of computational imaging systems as a three-round "learning spiral": the first two rounds, instructors describe the physical and algorithmic parts in two exemplary imaging systems. The third round, students conduct themselves as the class project on an imaging system of their choice. The undergraduate and graduate versions share lectures but have different recitations. Throughout the term, we also conduct optional "clinics" to even out background knowledge of linear algebra, optimization, and computational imaging-related programming best practices for students of diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Staff 6.C25[J] Real World Computation with Julia
()
(Same subject as 1.C25[J], 12.C25[J], 16.C25[J], 18.C25[J], 22.C25[J]) Prereq: 6.100A, 18.03, and 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on algorithms and techniques for writing and using modern technical software in a job, lab, or research group environment that may consist of interdisciplinary teams, where performance may be critical, and where the software needs to be flexible and adaptable. Topics include automatic differentiation, matrix calculus, scientific machine learning, parallel and GPU computing, and performance optimization with introductory applications to climate science, economics, agent-based modeling, and other areas. Labs and projects focus on performant, readable, composable algorithms, and software. Programming will be in Julia. Expects students to have some familiarity with Python, Matlab, or R. No Julia experience necessary. A. Edelman, R. Ferrari, B. Forget, C. Leiseron,Y. Marzouk, J. Williams 6.C27[J] Computational Imaging: Physics and Algorithms
()
(Same subject as 2.C27[J], 3.C27[J]) (Subject meets with 2.C67[J], 3.C67[J], 6.C67[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 and (1.00, 1.000, 2.086, 3.019, or 6.100A) Units: 3-0-9
Explores the contemporary computational understanding of imaging: encoding information about a physical object onto a form of radiation, transferring the radiation through an imaging system, converting it to a digital signal, and computationally decoding and presenting the information to the user. Introduces a unified formulation of computational imaging systems as a three-round "learning spiral": the first two rounds describe the physical and algorithmic parts in two exemplary imaging systems. The third round involves a class project on an imaging system chosen by students. Undergraduate and graduate versions share lectures but have different recitations. Involves optional "clinics" to even out background knowledge of linear algebra, optimization, and computational imaging-related programming best practices for students of diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff 6.C67[J] Computational Imaging: Physics and Algorithms
()
(Same subject as 2.C67[J], 3.C67[J]) (Subject meets with 2.C27[J], 3.C27[J], 6.C27[J]) Prereq: 18.C06 and (1.00, 1.000, 2.086, 3.019, or 6.100A) Units: 3-0-9
Contemporary understanding of imaging is computational: encoding onto a form of radiation the information about a physical object, transferring the radiation through the imaging system, converting it to a digital signal, and computationally decoding and presenting the information to the user. This class introduces a unified formulation of computational imaging systems as a three-round "learning spiral": the first two rounds, instructors describe the physical and algorithmic parts in two exemplary imaging systems. The third round, students conduct themselves as the class project on an imaging system of their choice. The undergraduate and graduate versions share lectures but have different recitations. Throughout the term, we also conduct optional "clinics" to even out background knowledge of linear algebra, optimization, and computational imaging-related programming best practices for students of diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Staff 12.C25[J] Real World Computation with Julia
()
(Same subject as 1.C25[J], 6.C25[J], 16.C25[J], 18.C25[J], 22.C25[J]) Prereq: 6.100A, 18.03, and 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on algorithms and techniques for writing and using modern technical software in a job, lab, or research group environment that may consist of interdisciplinary teams, where performance may be critical, and where the software needs to be flexible and adaptable. Topics include automatic differentiation, matrix calculus, scientific machine learning, parallel and GPU computing, and performance optimization with introductory applications to climate science, economics, agent-based modeling, and other areas. Labs and projects focus on performant, readable, composable algorithms, and software. Programming will be in Julia. Expects students to have some familiarity with Python, Matlab, or R. No Julia experience necessary. A. Edelman, R. Ferrari, B. Forget, C. Leiseron,Y. Marzouk, J. Williams 16.C25[J] Real World Computation with Julia
()
(Same subject as 1.C25[J], 6.C25[J], 12.C25[J], 18.C25[J], 22.C25[J]) Prereq: 6.100A, 18.03, and 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on algorithms and techniques for writing and using modern technical software in a job, lab, or research group environment that may consist of interdisciplinary teams, where performance may be critical, and where the software needs to be flexible and adaptable. Topics include automatic differentiation, matrix calculus, scientific machine learning, parallel and GPU computing, and performance optimization with introductory applications to climate science, economics, agent-based modeling, and other areas. Labs and projects focus on performant, readable, composable algorithms, and software. Programming will be in Julia. Expects students to have some familiarity with Python, Matlab, or R. No Julia experience necessary. A. Edelman, R. Ferrari, B. Forget, C. Leiseron,Y. Marzouk, J. Williams 18.C25[J] Real World Computation with Julia
()
(Same subject as 1.C25[J], 6.C25[J], 12.C25[J], 16.C25[J], 22.C25[J]) Prereq: 6.100A, 18.03, and 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on algorithms and techniques for writing and using modern technical software in a job, lab, or research group environment that may consist of interdisciplinary teams, where performance may be critical, and where the software needs to be flexible and adaptable. Topics include automatic differentiation, matrix calculus, scientific machine learning, parallel and GPU computing, and performance optimization with introductory applications to climate science, economics, agent-based modeling, and other areas. Labs and projects focus on performant, readable, composable algorithms, and software. Programming will be in Julia. Expects students to have some familiarity with Python, Matlab, or R. No Julia experience necessary. A. Edelman, R. Ferrari, B. Forget, C. Leiseron,Y. Marzouk, J. Williams 22.C25[J] Real World Computation with Julia
()
(Same subject as 1.C25[J], 6.C25[J], 12.C25[J], 16.C25[J], 18.C25[J]) Prereq: 6.100A, 18.03, and 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on algorithms and techniques for writing and using modern technical software in a job, lab, or research group environment that may consist of interdisciplinary teams, where performance may be critical, and where the software needs to be flexible and adaptable. Topics include automatic differentiation, matrix calculus, scientific machine learning, parallel and GPU computing, and performance optimization with introductory applications to climate science, economics, agent-based modeling, and other areas. Labs and projects focus on performant, readable, composable algorithms, and software. Programming will be in Julia. Expects students to have some familiarity with Python, Matlab, or R. No Julia experience necessary. A. Edelman, R. Ferrari, B. Forget, C. Leiseron,Y. Marzouk, J. Williams Computational Science and Engineering9.C20[J] Introduction to Computational Science and Engineering
(, ); second half of term
(Same subject as 16.C20[J], 18.C20[J], CSE.C20[J]) Prereq: 6.100A; Coreq: 8.01 and 18.01 Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 6.100B Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3-4.30 (37-212)
Provides an introduction to computational algorithms used throughout engineering and science (natural and social) to simulate time-dependent phenomena; optimize and control systems; and quantify uncertainty in problems involving randomness, including an introduction to probability and statistics. Combination of 6.100A and 16.C20J counts as REST subject. Fall: D.L. Darmofal, N. Seethapathi Spring: L. Demanet, N. Seethapathi No textbook information available 16.C20[J] Introduction to Computational Science and Engineering
(, ); second half of term
(Same subject as 9.C20[J], 18.C20[J], CSE.C20[J]) Prereq: 6.100A; Coreq: 8.01 and 18.01 Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 6.100B Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3-4.30 (37-212)
Provides an introduction to computational algorithms used throughout engineering and science (natural and social) to simulate time-dependent phenomena; optimize and control systems; and quantify uncertainty in problems involving randomness, including an introduction to probability and statistics. Combination of 6.100A and 16.C20J counts as REST subject. Fall: D.L. Darmofal, N. Seethapathi Spring: L. Demanet, N. Seethapathi No textbook information available 18.C20[J] Introduction to Computational Science and Engineering
(, ); second half of term
(Same subject as 9.C20[J], 16.C20[J], CSE.C20[J]) Prereq: 6.100A; Coreq: 8.01 and 18.01 Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 6.100B Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3-4.30 (37-212)
Provides an introduction to computational algorithms used throughout engineering and science (natural and social) to simulate time-dependent phenomena; optimize and control systems; and quantify uncertainty in problems involving randomness, including an introduction to probability and statistics. Combination of 6.100A and 16.C20J counts as REST subject. Fall: D.L. Darmofal, N. Seethapathi Spring: L. Demanet, N. Seethapathi No textbook information available CSE.C20[J] Introduction to Computational Science and Engineering
(, ); second half of term
(Same subject as 9.C20[J], 16.C20[J], 18.C20[J]) Prereq: 6.100A; Coreq: 8.01 and 18.01 Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 6.100B Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3-4.30 (37-212)
Provides an introduction to computational algorithms used throughout engineering and science (natural and social) to simulate time-dependent phenomena; optimize and control systems; and quantify uncertainty in problems involving randomness, including an introduction to probability and statistics. Combination of 6.100A and 16.C20J counts as REST subject. Fall: D.L. Darmofal, N. Seethapathi Spring: L. Demanet, N. Seethapathi No textbook information available Digital Humanities and Social Science6.C35[J] Interactive Data Visualization and Society
()
(Same subject as 11.C35[J], CMS.C35[J], IDS.C35[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C85[J], 11.C85[J], IDS.C85[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-4-8 Credit cannot also be received for 6.8530, 11.154, 11.454 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (45-230) Lab: R3 (45-102)
Covers the design, ethical, and technical skills for creating effective visualizations. Short assignments build familiarity with the data analysis and visualization design process. Weekly lab sessions present coding and technical skills. A final project provides experience working with real-world big data, provided by external partners, in order to expose and communicate insights about societal issues. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Enrollment limited. Enrollment limited. C. D'Ignazio, C. Lee, A. Satyanarayan No textbook information available 6.C40[J] Ethics of Computing
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(Same subject as 24.C40[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores ethical questions raised by the potentially transformative power of computing technologies. Topics include: lessons from the history of transformative technologies; the status of property and privacy rights in the digital realm; effective accelerationism, AI alignment, and existential risk; algorithmic bias and algorithmic fairness; and free speech, disinformation, and polarization on online platforms. B. Skow, A. Solar-Lezama 6.C85[J] Interactive Data Visualization and Society
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(Same subject as 11.C85[J], IDS.C85[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C35[J], 11.C35[J], CMS.C35[J], IDS.C35[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-1-8 Credit cannot also be received for 6.8530, 11.154, 11.454 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (45-230) Lab: R4 (32-082)
Covers the design, ethical, and technical skills for creating effective visualizations. Short assignments build familiarity with the data analysis and visualization design process. Students participate in hour-long studio reading sessions. A final project provides experience working with real-world big data, provided by external partners, in order to expose and communicate insights about societal issues. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. C. D'Ignazio, C. Lee, A. Satyanarayan No textbook information available 11.C35[J] Interactive Data Visualization and Society
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(Same subject as 6.C35[J], CMS.C35[J], IDS.C35[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C85[J], 11.C85[J], IDS.C85[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-4-8 Credit cannot also be received for 6.8530, 11.154, 11.454 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (45-230) Lab: R3 (45-102)
Covers the design, ethical, and technical skills for creating effective visualizations. Short assignments build familiarity with the data analysis and visualization design process. Weekly lab sessions present coding and technical skills. A final project provides experience working with real-world big data, provided by external partners, in order to expose and communicate insights about societal issues. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Enrollment limited. Enrollment limited. C. D'Ignazio, C. Lee, A. Satyanarayan No textbook information available 11.C85[J] Interactive Data Visualization and Society
()
(Same subject as 6.C85[J], IDS.C85[J]) (Subject meets with 6.C35[J], 11.C35[J], CMS.C35[J], IDS.C35[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-1-8 Credit cannot also be received for 6.8530, 11.154, 11.454 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (45-230) Lab: R4 (32-082)
Covers the design, ethical, and technical skills for creating effective visualizations. Short assignments build familiarity with the data analysis and visualization design process. Students participate in hour-long studio reading sessions. A final project provides experience working with real-world big data, provided by external partners, in order to expose and communicate insights about societal issues. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. C. D'Ignazio, C. Lee, A. Satyanarayan No textbook information available 21H.C30 Encoding Culture: Computation Methods in the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: 6.100A, 6.100B, or 6.100L Units: 3-0-9
Applies computational methods for manipulating and analyzing encoded media, and draws from a wide range of practices including computational linguistics, audio processing, computer vision, and machine learning. Explores what it means to digitally encode and analyze culture. Studies the history and current practice of digitally encoding text, images, audio, and tabular datasets, along with the cultural and social issues implicit in these systems. Confronts the underlying issues of what is lost and gained when we encode culture. Limited to 25. Staff 24.C40[J] Ethics of Computing
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(Same subject as 6.C40[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores ethical questions raised by the potentially transformative power of computing technologies. Topics include: lessons from the history of transformative technologies; the status of property and privacy rights in the digital realm; effective accelerationism, AI alignment, and existential risk; algorithmic bias and algorithmic fairness; and free speech, disinformation, and polarization on online platforms. B. Skow, A. Solar-Lezama |
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Computational and Systems Biology
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CSB.100[J] Topics in Computational and Systems Biology
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(Same subject as 7.89[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-10
Seminar based on research literature. Papers covered are selected to illustrate important problems and varied approaches in the field of computational and systems biology, and to provide students a framework from which to evaluate new developments. Preference to first-year CSB PhD students. C. Burge CSB.110 Research Rotations in Computational and Systems Biology
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-12-0 [P/D/F] TBA.
Students carry out research rotations with MIT faculty members or principal investigators working in the field of computational and systems biology. Generally three one-month long rotations are pursued that together span theoretical and experimental approaches. Open only to CSB PhD students. Fall: J. Carota Spring: J. Carota No required or recommended textbooks CSB.190 Research Problems in Computational and Systems Biology
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Directed research in the field of computational and systems biology. Open only to CSB PhD students. Fall: J. Carota Spring: J. Carota No required or recommended textbooks CSB.195 Professional Development in Computational and Systems Biology
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Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Required for CSB students in the doctoral program to fulfill their professional development requirement through self-directed professional activities. Professional development activities include: internships (with industry, government, or academia); attendance at scientific meetings, MIT IAP events, or career fairs; participation in networking events or an entrepreneurship competition; training in teaching through the MIT Teaching and Learning lab; or the CAPD Path of Professorship. For an internship experience, prior authorization is required prior to enrollment; a report is required within two weeks of completion. Proposals subject to departmental approval. Staff No textbook information available CSB.199 Teaching Experience in Computational Systems Biology
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
For qualified graduate students in the CSB graduate program interested in teaching. Classroom or laboratory teaching under the supervision of a faculty member. Fall: J. Carota IAP: J. Carota Spring: J. Carota No required or recommended textbooks CSB.930[J] Research Experience in Biopharma
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Center for Computational Science and Engineering
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CSE.900 Doctoral Seminar in Computational Science and Engineering
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Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Interdisciplinary seminar explores diverse topics in computational science and engineering (CSE), featuring talks from Institute faculty and external speakers. Surveys current research in CSE methodologies and applications. Discusses important open research areas, as well as the ethical context and implications of research advances in CSE. Priority to first-year CSE PhD students. N. Hadjiconstantinou CSE.999 Experiential Learning in Computational Science and Engineering
()
Prereq: None Units arranged
For graduate students in Center for Computational Science and Engineering (CCSE) programs participating in curriculum-related off-campus experiential learning opportunities in computational science and engineering and related areas. Students are responsible for arranging the experiential learning opportunity. Prior to enrolling, students must contact the CCSE Academic Administrator for procedures and restrictions and must verify their arrangements by submitting a memo or email from the sponsoring organization along with MIT advisor endorsement to the CCSE Academic Administrator. Upon completion of the training experience students are required to submit a letter from the experiential advisor describing the goals accomplished along with a substantive final report for review and grading by the MIT advisor. Staff CSE.C20[J] Introduction to Computational Science and Engineering
(, ); second half of term
(Same subject as 9.C20[J], 16.C20[J], 18.C20[J]) Prereq: 6.100A; Coreq: 8.01 and 18.01 Units: 2-0-4 Credit cannot also be received for 6.100B Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW3-4.30 (37-212)
Provides an introduction to computational algorithms used throughout engineering and science (natural and social) to simulate time-dependent phenomena; optimize and control systems; and quantify uncertainty in problems involving randomness, including an introduction to probability and statistics. Combination of 6.100A and 16.C20J counts as REST subject. Fall: D.L. Darmofal, N. Seethapathi Spring: L. Demanet, N. Seethapathi No textbook information available CSE.IND Independent Study
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Prereq: None Units arranged TBA.
Opportunity for independent study or experiential learning, under regular supervision by a faculty member. Projects require prior approval. Fall: K. Nelson IAP: K. Nelson Spring: K. Nelson No textbook information available CSE.S99 Special Subject in Computational Science & Engineering
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Edgerton Center
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The Edgerton Center specializes in experiential learning and offers interactive subjects in electronics, high-speed photography, and video production. The center is also the home of D-Lab classes (see EC.700-EC.792). SeminarsEC.050 Re-create Experiments from History: Inform the Future from the Past
(, , )
(Subject meets with EC.090) Prereq: None Units: 1-3-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: T3 (4-402) Lab: T4,R3-5 (4-402)
Offers students alternative exploratory experience in teaching, learning, and researching. Through collaborative activities with open-ended experiments from diverse origins, participants re-create historical instruments and discoveries that challenged assumptions and sparked new investigations. Student curiosity and questions shape specific course content. Assignments include observations, experiments, readings, journal writing and sketching, and a final reflective paper. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Fall: E. Cavicchi IAP: E. Cavicchi Spring: Cavicchi, Elizabeth No textbook information available EC.074 The Start-up Experience at MIT
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 [P/D/F]
Explores some of the critical actions in starting up a technology-based business, including concept generation, searching prior art and patents, protecting intellectual property, founders agreements, forming and building teams, and work-life balance. Students review case studies and complete exercises that develop practicable knowledge in these areas. Each student keeps an "idea log book," which includes critical assessments of each case study, to be presented at the end of the term. First in a two-part series (seminars do not have to be taken sequentially; see EC.075 in spring term). Preference to undergraduates; open to graduate students with permission of advisor. Staff EC.075 Starting Up New Technology-Based Business Enterprises at MIT
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 [P/D/F] Lecture: T EVE (7-9 PM) (4-402)
Seminar participants define and study the development stages of new enterprises at MIT, from the exciting moment a new idea for a tech product or service is realized, through to selling, customer support, and the next new idea. Follows the history of successful MIT spin-off companies with attention to the people (and their ideas) behind the start-up. Students attend MIT technology and science start-up case presentations given by individuals and teams working from zero-stage, and by partners in going concerns of historical relevance to the Institute and the economy. Second in a two-part series (seminars do not have to be taken sequentially; see EC.074 in fall term). J. Hadzima No textbook information available EC.090 Re-create Experiments from History: Inform the Future from the Past
(, , )
(Subject meets with EC.050) Prereq: None Units: 1-3-2 Lecture: T3 (4-402) Lab: T4,R3-5 (4-402)
Offers students alternative exploratory experience in teaching, learning, and researching. Through collaborative activities with open-ended experiments from diverse origins, participants re-create historical instruments and discoveries that challenged assumptions and sparked new investigations. Student curiosity and questions shape specific course content. Assignments include observations, experiments, readings, journal writing and sketching, and a final reflective paper. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Fall: Cavicchi, Elizabeth IAP: Cavicchi, Elizabeth Spring: Cavicchi, Elizabeth No textbook information available Electronics and ProgrammingEC.120[J] Electronics Project Laboratory
(, )
(Same subject as 6.2020[J]) Prereq: None Units: 1-2-3 Lecture: M EVE (7 PM) (4-409) Lab: M EVE (8-10 PM) (4-409)
Intuition-based introduction to electronics, electronic components, and test equipment such as oscilloscopes, multimeters, and signal generators. Key components studied and used are op-amps, comparators, bi-polar transistors, and diodes (including LEDs). Students design, build, and debug small electronics projects (often featuring sound and light) to put their new knowledge into practice. Upon completing the class, students can take home a kit of components. Intended for students with little or no previous background in electronics. Enrollment may be limited. Fall: J. Bales Spring: J. Bales No required or recommended textbooks Imaging and VisualizationMedia and ProductionEC.305 Digital and Darkroom Imaging
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with EC.A305) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 [P/D/F] Credit cannot also be received for EC.310
Students use both film and digital photography to develop a creative imaging project of their own choice. Develops skills in the use of image editing software to enhance, select, and combine images that the student has taken. Uses the darkroom to develop film for scanning and for chemical enlargement. Discusses topics such as the camera, composition, lighting, modes and formats, image compression, and halftone and dye sublimation printing. Students are expected to produce a duplicate set of black and white and/or color prints, along with a writeup and digital copy as the project output. Staff EC.310 Creative Imaging
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-1-6 Credit cannot also be received for EC.305, EC.A305
Focuses on film and digital photography. Develops skill in the use of chemical darkrooms, scanners, digital printers and cameras to create striking still images capable of evoking strong emotional and intellectual responses from a viewer. Emphasizes the interplay between classical chemical and digital techniques and how they can be used to control the use of lighting, color, depth, and composition in an image. Students present their intermediate assignments to the class for critical discussion; at the end of the term, they submit a substantive project presenting their own creative images for critique and evaluation. T. Mislick Engineering and DesignCulture and International ExperienceD-LabEC.700 D-Lab: Field Study
()
Prereq: One D-Lab subject and permission of instructor Units arranged
Provides the opportunity to gain direct fieldwork experience in a global context. Subject spans three-four weeks in which students continue work from a prior D-Lab subject. Students work directly with international community partners to find solutions to real world problems, focusing on one or more issues in education, design, or public service. Group presentations and written reflection required. S.L. Hsu No textbook information available EC.701[J] D-Lab: Development
()
(Same subject as 11.025[J]) (Subject meets with 11.472[J], EC.781[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-2-7
Issues in international development, appropriate technology and project implementation addressed through lectures, case studies, guest speakers and laboratory exercises. Students form project teams to partner with community organizations in developing countries, and formulate plans for an optional IAP site visit. (Previous field sites include Ghana, Brazil, Honduras and India.) Recitation sections focus on specific project implementation, and include cultural, social, political, environmental and economic overviews of the target countries as well as an introduction to the local languages. Enrollment limited by lottery; must attend first class session. S. L. Hsu, B. Sanyal EC.703 Entrepreneurship for the Idealist
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with EC.783) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines the nature of contemporary and historical injustices: their particularities, shared dynamics, tropes, myths, durability, and shape-shifting nature. Studies how innovation, technology, markets, and social enterprises relate to justice. Explores accompaniment — journeying, often literally, with the wronged until right is done — and its success in a broad range of settings. Instruction provided in designing accompaniment-centered approaches by picking a societal challenge, surveying and critiquing past efforts, and proposing a design of their own. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. M. Bhardwaj, S. Hsu EC.711[J] Introduction to Energy in Global Development
()
(Same subject as 2.651[J]) (Subject meets with EC.791) Prereq: None Units: 3-2-7 Lecture: MW1-2.30 (N51-310) Lab: F1-3 (N51-310)
Surveys energy technologies including solar, wind, and hydro power; cooking; indoor heating; irrigation; and agricultural productivity through an international development context to impart energy literacy and common-sense applications. Focuses on compact, robust, low-cost systems for meeting the needs of household and small business. Provides an overview of identifying user needs, assessing the suitability of specific technologies, and strategies for implementation in developing countries. Labs reinforce lecture material through activities including system assembly and testing. Team projects involve activities including connecting with pre-selected community partners, product design and analysis, and continuing the development of ongoing projects. Optional summer fieldwork may be available. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Enrollment limited by lottery; must attend first class session. Josh Maldonado No textbook information available EC.712[J] Applications of Energy in Global Development
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(Same subject as 2.652[J]) (Subject meets with EC.782) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8
Engages students in project-based learning, in collaboration with D-Lab community partners, to improve access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Teams work on off-grid energy projects addressing challenges in lighting, cooking, agricultural productivity, or other areas in collaboration with D-Lab community partners in developing countries. Project work includes assessment of user needs, technology identification, product design, prototyping, and development of implementation strategies to continue progress of ongoing projects. Optional IAP field visits may be available to test and implement the solutions developed during the semester. Students enrolled in the graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 20; preference to students who have taken EC.711. Staff EC.713[J] D-Lab Schools: Building Technology Laboratory
() Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 4.411[J]) (Subject meets with 4.412) Prereq: Calculus I (GIR) and Physics I (GIR) Units: 2-3-7
Focuses on the design, analysis, and application of technologies that support the construction of less expensive and better performing schools in developing countries. Prepares students to design or retrofit school buildings in partnership with local communities and NGOs. Strategies covered include daylighting, passive heating and cooling, improved indoor air quality via natural ventilation, appropriate material selection, and structural design. Investigations are based on application of engineering fundamentals, experiments and simulations. Case studies illustrate the role of technologies in reducing barriers to improved education. Additional work required of students taking the graduate version. Limited to 20 total for versions meeting together. L. K. Norford EC.715 D-Lab: Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
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(Subject meets with 11.474) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (N51-310)
Focuses on disseminating Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) innovations in low-income countries and underserved communities worldwide. Structured around project-based learning, lectures, discussions, and student-led tutorials. Emphasizes core WASH principles, appropriate and sustainable technologies at household and community scales, urban challenges worldwide, culture-specific solutions, lessons from start-ups, collaborative partnerships, and social marketing. Mentored term project entails finding and implementing a viable solution focused on education/training; a technology, policy or plan; a marketing approach; and/or behavior change. Guest lecturers present case studies, emphasizing those developed and disseminated by MIT faculty, practitioners, students, and alumni. Field trips scheduled during class time, with optional field trips on weekends. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 20. S. E. Murcott, S. L. Hsu No textbook information available EC.718[J] D-Lab: Gender and Development
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(Same subject as WGS.277[J]) (Subject meets with EC.798) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Explores gender roles, illuminates the power dynamics and root causes of inequality, and provides a framework for understanding gender dynamics. Develops skills to conduct a gender analysis and integrate gender-sensitive strategies into large- and small-scale development solutions. Prompts critical discussion about social, economic, and political conditions that shape gender in development. Begins with exploration of international development in the post-colonial era, using a gender lens, then provides students with the tools to integrate gender-sensitive strategies into international development work, with a particular focus on launching, building and scaling women's ventures. Opportunities may be available for international fieldwork over IAP. Meets with 24.234 when offered concurrently. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 12; must attend first class session. E. McDonald, S. Haslanger EC.719 D-Lab: Climate Change and Planetary Health
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(Subject meets with EC.789) Prereq: None Units: 3-4-5 Lecture: R12-3 (N51-350) Lab: TBA
Examines the current state and future projections of climate change and its effects on human, ecosystem, and planetary health, and develops solutions for these challenges. Class is project-based, student-focused, experiential, and transdisciplinary. Emphasizes nature- and community-based solutions, both local and global, with a focus on environmental and climate justice. Participation and teamwork are fundamental, as are experiential activities such as field trips to zero-carbon buildings and to sites undergoing rapid transformation. Working individually or in teams, students develop a term project on a climate change or planetary health solution of their choice, applying knowledge and skills to craft innovative, sustainable real-world solutions. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. S. Murcott, J. Simpson No textbook information available EC.720[J] D-Lab: Design
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(Same subject as 2.722[J]) Prereq: 2.670 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: M3-5,W3 (N51-310)
Addresses problems faced by underserved communities with a focus on design, experimentation, and prototyping processes. Particular attention placed on constraints faced when designing for developing countries. Multidisciplinary teams work on long-term projects in collaboration with community partners, field practitioners, and experts in relevant fields. Topics covered include design for affordability, manufacture, sustainability, and strategies for working effectively with community partners and customers. Students may continue projects begun in EC.701. Enrollment limited by lottery; must attend first class session. E. Squibb No textbook information available EC.724 D-Lab: Smallholder Agriculture
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Provides an overview of the scientific, social, and economic context of smallholder farmers in developing countries. Covers the scientific basis and environmental impacts of agriculture, the dynamics of smallholder farming, social and business systems, and the experience of farmers themselves. Lectures, guest experts, experiential activities, and semester projects with community partners contribute to learning objectives. Opportunities for summer fieldwork may be available. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 15. R. Nanes, G. Jones, S. Hsu EC.725 Leadership in Design
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Prereq: None Units: 3-0-3 Lecture: M3-5,W3 (N51-310)
Places special focus on team capacity building and the communication skills critical to design leadership. Multidisciplinary teams work on semester-long projects in collaboration with international organizations, field practitioners, and experts, building team and leadership skills used to address problems faced by underserved communities while implementing design, experimentation, and hands-on prototyping processes. Topics covered include human-centered design, design for affordability and remote manufacturing, sustainability, and strategies for working effectively with international partners. Limited to 20 students in the Gordon Engineering Leadership Program. E. Squibb No textbook information available EC.726 D-Lab: Build-Its
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Subject meets with EC.796) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Engages students in the creation of "build-its," hands-on pedagogical tools developed by D-Lab to teach workshop and design skills to a diverse audience around the world. Studies principles of experiential learning and successful examples of teaching in makerspaces and innovation centers. Students develop their own build-it, test and evaluate it with local students, and create instructions for its use. Optional travel opportunities exist over the summer to test the build-it at a D-Lab summit or training abroad. Opportunities for funded travel available. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Opportunities for funded travel available. Limited to 16. S. L. Hsu EC.729[J] D-Lab: Design for Scale
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(Same subject as 2.729[J]) (Subject meets with 2.789[J], EC.797[J]) Prereq: None. Coreq: 2.008; or permission of instructor Units: 3-2-7
Explores the external factors affecting product development for people in low-resource settings in a project-based context. Students apply existing engineering skills in interdisciplinary teams to identify contextual limitations and develop previously established prototypes towards manufacturing-ready product designs for real-world project sponsors. Topics are presented within the context of the developing world and include technology feasibility and scalability assessment; value chain analysis; product specification; and manufacturing methodologies at various scales. Lessons are experiential and case study-based, taught by instructors with field experience and industry experts from product development consulting firms and the consumer electronics industry. Students taking graduate version complete additional written assignments. M. Yang, G. Connors, E. Young EC.731[J] Global Ventures
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(Same subject as 15.375[J], MAS.665[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Seminar on founding, financing, and building entrepreneurial ventures in developing nations. Challenges students to craft enduring and economically viable solutions to the problems faced by these countries. Cases illustrate examples of both successful and failed businesses, and the difficulties in deploying and diffusing products and services through entrepreneurial action. Explores a range of established and emerging business models, as well as new business opportunities enabled by innovations emerging from MIT labs and beyond. Students develop a business plan executive summary suitable for submission in the MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition's Accelerate Contest or MIT IDEAS. R. Raskar EC.733[J] D-Lab: Supply Chains
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 2.771[J], 15.772[J]) (Subject meets with 2.871) Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6
Introduces concepts of supply chain design and planning with a focus on supply chains for products destined to improve quality of life in developing countries. Topics include demand estimation, process analysis and improvement, facility location and capacity planning, inventory management, and supply chain coordination. Also covers issues specific to emerging markets, such as sustainable supply chains, choice of distribution channels, and how to account for the value-adding role of a supply chain. Students conduct D-Lab-based projects on supply chain design or improvement. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Staff EC.735 Thermal Energy Networks for Rapid Decarbonization of Campus, Neighborhood, and City Buildings
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Engineering Management
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System Design and ManagementEM.411 Foundations of System Design and Management
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 4-2-9
Presents the foundations of systems architecture, systems engineering and project management in an integrated format, through a synchronized combination of in-class discussion, industrial guest speakers, team projects, and individual assignments. Topics include stakeholder analysis, project planning and monitoring, requirements definition, concept generation and selection, complexity management, system integration, verification and validation, cost modeling, systems safety, organizational design and effective teamwork, risk management, and leadership styles. Restricted to students in the SDM program. B. Moser EM.412 Foundations of System Design and Management II
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Prereq: EM.411 Units: 2-1-3
Deepens the foundations of systems architecture, systems engineering and project management introduced in EM.411 though a synchronized combination of lectures, recitations, opportunity sets, guest speakers, and team projects. Topics emphasize the transition from early conceptual design to detailed design and system integration. Features a technology showcase and project forum where students, faculty and company sponsors meet to discuss and select projects for EM.413. Includes team-based exercises and design challenges. Restricted to students in the SDM program. B. Moser No textbook information available EM.413 Foundations of System Design and Management III
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Prereq: EM.412 Units: 4-2-9 Lecture: MW11-1 (1-390) Recitation: TR12 (1-390) or TR1 (1-390)
Presents advanced concepts in systems architecture, systems engineering and project management in an integrated manner through lectures, recitations, opportunity sets, guest lectures, and a semester-long team project. Topics emphasize complexity management, systems integration, verification, validation, and lifecycle management. Specific lifecycle properties addressed include quality, safety, robustness, resilience, flexibility and evolvability of systems over time. Additional topics include monitoring and control, the rework cycle, managing portfolios and programs of projects in a multi-cultural and global context, and managing product families and platforms. Restricted to students in the SDM program. B. Moser, B. Cameron, E. Crawley No textbook information available EM.421 SDM Certificate Capstone
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Prereq: EM.413 Units: 1-0-8 [P/D/F]
Practical application of systems management problems within a real company. Teams of 1-4 students are matched with a company to work on a project in which they identify systems challenges and devise methods for solving problems utilizing the system architecture, systems engineering and project management methodology covered in the EM core sequence. Mentors and sponsors are identified for each team. Restricted to System Design and Management Certificate students. I. Vazquez EM.422 System Design and Management for a Changing World: Combined
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Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.146, 16.861, EM.422, IDS.332) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for EM.423, IDS.333
Practical-oriented subject that builds upon theory and methods and culminates in extended application. Covers methods to identify, value, and implement flexibility in design (real options). Topics include definition of uncertainties, simulation of performance for scenarios, screening models to identify desirable flexibility, decision analysis, and multidimensional economic evaluation. Students demonstrate proficiency through an extended application to a system design of their choice. Complements research or thesis projects. Class is "flipped" to maximize student engagement and learning. Meets with IDS.333 in the first half of term. Enrollment limited. R. de Neufville EM.423[J] System Design and Management for a Changing World: Tools
(); first half of term
(Same subject as IDS.333[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-3 Credit cannot also be received for 1.146, 16.861, EM.422, IDS.332
Focuses on design choices and decisions under uncertainty. Topics include identification and description of uncertainties using probability distributions; the calculation of commensurate measures of value, such as expected net present values; Monte Carlo simulation and risk analysis; and the use of decision analysis to explore alternative strategies and identify optimal initial choices. Presents applied analysis of practical examples from a variety of engineering systems using spreadsheet and decision analysis software. Class is "flipped" to maximize student engagement and learning. Meets with IDS.332 first half of term. R. de Neufville EM.424[J] System Design and Management for a Changing World: Projects
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(Same subject as IDS.334[J]) Prereq: IDS.333 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-3 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: TR10.30-12 (1-390)
Focuses on implementation of flexibility (real options) in the design of products, start-ups, ongoing management of operations, or policy plans. Applies the methods presented in IDS.333: recognition of uncertainty, identification of best opportunities for flexibility, and valuation of these options and their effective implementation. Students work on their own project concept, for which they develop a dynamic business plan for design, deployment, and most beneficial implementation of their system over time. Useful complement to thesis or research projects. Class is "flipped" to maximize student engagement and learning. Subject meets in second half of term in the fall and first half of term in the spring. Fall: R. de Neufville Spring: R. de Neufville Textbooks (Spring 2025) EM.425 Research Seminar on Engineering Projects and Teamwork
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Prereq: EM.411 or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Review of research on engineering as work and problem-solving by teams, including cases, professional practices, experimental results, and teamwork fundamentals. Topics include: projects structures and dependence; communication, coordination, and concurrency; exception handling, rework, and quality; awareness, attention, and engagement; and information, uncertainty, and learning. Students consider engineering teamwork phenomena which integrate technical and organizational aspects, leading to insights on performance during project shaping, ideation, planning, control, adaptation, and lessons learned. In the second half, students work as small teams to propose an experiment which explores teamwork during engineering. Proposed experiments often become basis for research and thesis activity. B. Moser, I. Vazquez EM.426 Model-building and Analysis Lab for Engineering Project Teamwork
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Prereq: EM.425 or permission of instructor Units: 1-1-4 Lecture: M4 (E51-372)
Explores agent-based models and simulation for engineering project management. Students build and validate models of engineered systems and engineering teamwork, which integrate technology and organization useful during project shaping, ideation, planning, control, adaptation, and lessons learned. Models capture phenomena discussed in EM.425 and are simulated to forecast performance such as feasible scope, human activity, interactions, cost, schedule, quality, and risks. In the first half, students build a model and agent-based simulation from scratch. In the second half, students work in small teams on either a case modeled using methods introduced in the first half or an extension of said methods to explore a particular engineering phenomenon introduced in the first half. B. Moser No textbook information available EM.427[J] Technology Roadmapping and Development
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(Same subject as 16.887[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Provides a review of the principles, methods and tools of technology management for organizations and technologically-enabled systems including technology forecasting, scouting, roadmapping, strategic planning, R&D project execution, intellectual property management, knowledge management, partnering and acquisition, technology transfer, innovation management, and financial technology valuation. Topics explain the underlying theory and empirical evidence for technology evolution over time and contain a rich set of examples and practical exercises from aerospace and other domains, such as transportation, energy, communications, agriculture, and medicine. Special topics include Moore's law, S-curves, the singularity and fundamental limits to technology. Students develop a comprehensive technology roadmap on a topic of their own choice. O. L. de Weck EM.428[J] Multidisciplinary Design Optimization
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(Same subject as 16.888[J], IDS.338[J]) Prereq: 18.085 or permission of instructor Units: 3-1-8
Systems modeling for design and optimization. Selection of design variables, objective functions and constraints. Overview of principles, methods and tools in multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO). Subsystem identification, development and interface design. Design of experiments (DOE). Review of linear (LP) and non-linear (NLP) constrained optimization formulations. Scalar versus vector optimization problems. Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions of optimality, Lagrange multipliers, adjoints, gradient search methods, sensitivity analysis, geometric programming, simulated annealing, genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization. Constraint satisfaction problems and isoperformance. Non-dominance and Pareto frontiers. Surrogate models and multifidelity optimization strategies. System design for value. Students execute a term project in small teams related to their area of interest. O. de Weck EM.429[J] Systems Architecting Applied to Enterprises
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(Same subject as 16.855[J], IDS.336[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T EVE (4-7 PM) (1-390)
Focuses on understanding, designing and transforming sociotechnical enterprises using systems principles and practices. Includes discussions and reading on enterprise theory, systems architecting, transformation challenges and case studies of evolving enterprises. Covers frameworks and methods for ecosystem analysis, stakeholder analysis, design thinking, systems architecture and evaluation, and human-centered enterprise design strategies. Students engage in interactive breakout sessions during class and participate in a selected small team project to design a future architecture for a real-world enterprise. Selected projects are based on student interests in enterprises such as small, medium, or large companies, government agencies, academic units, start-ups, and nonprofit organizations. D. Rhodes No required or recommended textbooks Integrated Design and ManagementEM.441 Integrated Design Lab I
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-5-7
Presents fundamentals of the integrated design and product development process. Covers methods relevant at each stage of the process; students apply them in a series of design projects. Topics include stakeholder identification, customer engagement and ethnographic methods, concept generation and selection, project planning, manufacturing methods, supply systems, cost modeling, sustainability, and safety. Restricted to Integrated Design and Management (IDM) students. Staff EM.442 Integrated Design Lab II
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: EM.441 or permission of instructor Units: 3-5-7
Presents advanced topics in integrated design and product development. Students pursue a product development project as a case study for understanding how teams work together to define and test a new product. Provides exposure to the state-of-the-art in product definition, product architectures, market testing, competitive analysis, product planning strategy, business case construction, and life cycle design. Students apply their previously acquired product development knowledge and engage in ongoing reflection in an action-oriented setting. Restricted to Integrated Design and Management (IDM) students. Staff EM.443 Integrated Design Seminar I
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-1
Covers a broad range of topics relevant to integrated design, engineering, and business, including leadership, entrepreneurship, social impact, sustainability, and human centered design. Includes discussion of Integrated Design & Management thesis projects. Features lectures by guest speakers and faculty. Restricted to Integrated Design and Management (IDM) students. Staff EM.444 Integrated Design Seminar II
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-1
Covers a broad range of topics relevant to integrated design, engineering, and business, including leadership, entrepreneurship, social impact, sustainability, and human centered design. Includes discussion of Integrated Design & Management thesis projects. Features lectures by guest speakers and faculty. Restricted to Integrated Design and Management (IDM) students. Staff Internship and ThesisEM.451 Internship Experience
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Provides insight into the challenges of an organization that develops products or systems. Before enrolling each student must have a department approved internship opportunity. At the end of the internship, students deliver a report, for evaluation by the sponsoring faculty member, documenting ways that the organization addresses product or system development issues and applies the methods taught in the SDM or IDM core. Intended for students who have completed the SDM or IDM core course sequence. Fall: J. Rubin IAP: J. Rubin Spring: J. Rubin No textbook information available EM.S20 Special Subject in Engineering Management
(); second half of term
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged Begins Mar 31. Lecture: W4-5.30 (1-390)
Opportunity for study of advanced topics in Engineering Management not otherwise included in the curriculum at MIT. Offerings are initiated by faculty on an ad-hoc basis subject to department approval. E. Rebentisch No textbook information available EM.S21 Special Subject in Engineering Management
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Opportunity for study of advanced topics in Engineering Management not otherwise included in the curriculum at MIT. Offerings are initiated by faculty on an ad-hoc basis subject to department approval. Staff No required or recommended textbooks EM.S22 Special Subject in Engineering Management
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Opportunity for study of advanced topics in Engineering Management not otherwise included in the curriculum at MIT. Offerings are initiated by faculty on an ad-hoc basis subject to department approval. Staff No textbook information available EM.THG EM Graduate Thesis
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Program of research, leading to the writing of an SM thesis to be arranged by the student with an appropriate member of the MIT faculty. Fall: W. Foley IAP: W. Foley Spring: W. Foley No required or recommended textbooks |
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Experimental Study Group
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ESG Science Subjects
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Health Sciences and Technology |
| | | HST.00-HST.599 | | | HST.600-HST.999 plus UROP and Thesis | | | |
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IMPORTANT NOTES regarding preclinical subjects (HST.011-HST.200)*: HST.010 Human Functional Anatomy
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(Subject meets with HST.011) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-11-10 [P/D/F]
Lectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under HST.010, graded P/D/F. Lab fee. T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell, M. Lutchman HST.011 Human Functional Anatomy
()
(Subject meets with HST.010) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-11-10
Lectures, detailed laboratory dissections, and prosections provide a thorough exploration of the gross structure and function of the human body. Fundamental principles of bioengineering are employed to promote analytical approaches to understanding the body's design. The embryology of major organ systems is presented, together with certain references to phylogenetic development, as a basis for comprehending anatomical complexity. Correlation clinics stress both normal and abnormal functions of the body and present evolving knowledge of genes responsible for normal and abnormal anatomy. Lecturers focus on current problems in organ system research. Only HST students may register under HST.010, graded P/D/F. Lab fee. Enrollment restricted to graduate students. T. Van Houten, R. Mitchell HST.015 MATLAB for Medicine
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 [P/D/F]
Practical introduction to use of quantitative methods in medicine and health research. Each session covers a different topic in quantitative techniques, provides an application to medicine, and includes a modeling activity using MATLAB. Students also complete problem sets. Restricted to first year HST MD students. HST Faculty HST.016 Artificial Intelligence in Health Care I
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Institute for Data, Systems and Society
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IDS.012[J] Statistics, Computation and Applications
()
(Same subject as 6.3730[J]) (Subject meets with 6.3732[J], IDS.131[J]) Prereq: (6.100B, (18.03, 18.06, or 18.C06), and (6.3700, 6.3800, 14.30, 16.09, or 18.05)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-1-8 Lecture: MW11-12.30 (2-190) Recitation: W4 (36-144) or F10 (36-144) or F11 (36-156)
Hands-on analysis of data demonstrates the interplay between statistics and computation. Includes four modules, each centered on a specific data set, and introduced by a domain expert. Provides instruction in specific, relevant analysis methods and corresponding algorithmic aspects. Potential modules may include medical data, gene regulation, social networks, finance data (time series), traffic, transportation, weather forecasting, policy, or industrial web applications. Projects address a large-scale data analysis question. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Enrollment limited; priority to Statistics and Data Science minors, and to juniors and seniors. C. Uhler, N. Azizan, M. Roozbehani No required or recommended textbooks IDS.013[J] Statistical Thinking and Data Analysis
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(Same subject as 15.075[J]) Prereq: 6.3700 or 15.069 Units: 3-1-8
Introduces a rigorous treatment of statistical data analysis while helping students develop a strong intuition for the strengths and limitations of various methods. Topics include statistical sampling and uncertainty, estimation, hypothesis testing, linear regression, classification, analysis of variation, and elements of data mining. Involves empirical use of hypothesis testing and other statistical methodologies in several domains, including the assessment of A-B experiments on the web and the identification of genes correlated with diseases. Staff IDS.014[J] Fundamentals of Statistics
(, )
(Same subject as 18.650[J]) (Subject meets with 18.6501) Prereq: 6.3700 or 18.600 Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: MWF1 (2-190) Recitation: R10 (4-270) or R3 (4-153) or R4 (4-153) +final
A rapid introduction to the theoretical foundations of statistical methods that are useful in many applications. Covers a broad range of topics in a short amount of time with the goal of providing a rigorous and cohesive understanding of the modern statistical landscape. Mathematical language is used for intuition and basic derivations but not proofs. Main topics include: parametric estimation, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, Bayesian inference, and linear and logistic regression. Additional topics may include: causal inference, nonparametric estimation, and classification. Fall: P. Rigollet Spring: A. Katsevich Textbooks (Spring 2025) IDS.045[J] System Safety
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(Same subject as 16.63[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces the concepts of system safety and how to analyze and design safer systems. Topics include the causes of accidents in general, and recent major accidents in particular; hazard analysis, safety-driven design techniques; design of human-automation interaction; integrating safety into the system engineering process; and managing and operating safety-critical systems. N. Leveson IDS.050[J] Cybersecurity
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(Same subject as 17.447[J], MAS.460[J]) (Subject meets with 17.448[J], IDS.350[J], MAS.660[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T1-3 (E60-112) Recitation: T3 (E51-390) or R1 (1-136)
Focuses on the complexity of cybersecurity in a changing world. Examines national and international aspects of overall cyber ecology. Explores sources and consequences of cyber threats and different types of damages. Considers impacts for and of various aspects of cybersecurity in diverse geostrategic, political, business and economic contexts. Addresses national and international policy responses as well as formal and informal strategies and mechanisms for responding to cyber insecurity and enhancing conditions of cybersecurity. Students taking graduate version expected to pursue subject in greater depth through reading and individual research. N. Choucri, S. Madnick, A. Pentland No textbook information available IDS.055[J] Science, Technology, and Public Policy
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(Same subject as 17.309[J], STS.082[J]) Prereq: None Units: 4-0-8 Credit cannot also be received for 17.310, IDS.412, STS.482
Analysis of issues at the intersection of science, technology, public policy, and business. Cases drawn from antitrust and intellectual property rights; health and environmental policy; defense procurement and strategy; strategic trade and industrial policy; and R&D funding. Structured around theories of political economy, modified to take into account integration of uncertain technical information into public and private decision-making. Meets with 17.310 when offered concurrently. Staff IDS.057[J] Data and Society
()
(Same subject as 11.155[J], STS.005[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Introduces students to the social, political, and ethical aspects of data science work. Designed to create reflective practitioners who are able to think critically about how collecting, aggregating, and analyzing data are social processes and processes that affect people. E. Medina, S. Williams IDS.060[J] Environmental Law, Policy, and Economics: Pollution Prevention and Control
()
(Same subject as 1.801[J], 11.021[J], 17.393[J]) (Subject meets with 1.811[J], 11.630[J], 15.663[J], IDS.540[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR3.30-5 (E51-057) +final
Analyzes federal and state regulation of air and water pollution, hazardous waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and production/use of toxic chemicals. Analyzes pollution/climate change as economic problems and failure of markets. Explores the role of science and economics in legal decisions. Emphasizes use of legal mechanisms and alternative approaches (i.e., economic incentives, voluntary approaches) to control pollution and encourage chemical accident and pollution prevention. Focuses on major federal legislation, underlying administrative system, and common law in analyzing environmental policy, economic consequences, and role of the courts. Discusses classical pollutants and toxic industrial chemicals, greenhouse gas emissions, community right-to-know, and environmental justice. Develops basic legal skills: how to read/understand cases, regulations, and statutes. Students taking graduate version explore the subject in greater depth. N. Ashford, C. Caldart Textbooks (Spring 2025) IDS.061[J] Regulation of Chemicals, Radiation, and Biotechnology
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 1.802[J], 11.022[J]) (Subject meets with 1.812[J], 10.805[J], 11.631[J], IDS.436[J], IDS.541[J]) Prereq: IDS.060 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Focuses on policy design and evaluation in the regulation of hazardous substances and processes. Includes risk assessment, industrial chemicals, pesticides, food contaminants, pharmaceuticals, radiation and radioactive wastes, product safety, workplace hazards, indoor air pollution, biotechnology, victims' compensation, and administrative law. Health and economic consequences of regulation, as well as its potential to spur technological change, are discussed for each regulatory regime. Students taking the graduate version are expected to explore the subject in greater depth. Staff IDS.062[J] Global Environmental Negotiations
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 12.346[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Practical introduction to global environmental negotiations designed for science and engineering students. Covers basic issues in international negotiations, such as North-South conflict, implementation and compliance, trade, and historical perspective on global environmental treaties. Offers hands-on practice in developing and interpreting international agreements through role-play simulations and observation of ongoing climate change negotiating processes. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. N. E. Selin IDS.063[J] People and the Planet: Environmental Governance and Science
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(Same subject as 12.387[J], 15.874[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Introduces governance and science aspects of complex environmental problems and approaches to solutions. Introduces quantitative analyses and methodological tools to analyze environmental issues that have human and natural components. Demonstrates concepts through a series of in-depth case studies of environmental governance and science problems. Students develop writing, quantitative modeling, and analytical skills in assessing environmental systems problems and developing solutions. Through experiential activities, such as modeling and policy exercises, students engage with the challenges and possibilities of governance in complex, interacting systems, including biogeophysical processes and societal and stakeholder interactions. A. Siddiqi IDS.065[J] Energy Systems for Climate Change Mitigation
()
(Same subject as 1.067[J], 10.421[J]) (Subject meets with 1.670[J], 10.621[J], IDS.521[J]) Prereq: (Calculus I (GIR), Chemistry (GIR), and Physics I (GIR)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Reviews the contributions of energy systems to global greenhouse gas emissions, and the levers for reducing those emissions. Lectures and projects focus on evaluating energy systems against climate policy goals, using performance metrics such as cost, carbon intensity, and others. Student projects explore pathways for realizing emissions reduction scenarios. Projects address the climate change mitigation potential of energy technologies (hardware and software), technological and behavioral change trajectories, and technology and policy portfolios. Background in energy systems strongly recommended. Students taking the graduate version complete additional assignments and explore the subject in greater depth. Preference to students in the Energy Studies or Environment and Sustainability minors. J. Trancik IDS.066[J] Law, Technology, and Public Policy
()
(Same subject as 11.122[J]) (Subject meets with 11.422[J], 15.655[J], IDS.435[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines how law, economics, and technological change shape public policy, and how law can sway technological change; how the legal system responds to environmental, safety, energy, social, and ethical problems; how law and markets interact to influence technological development; and how law can affect wealth distribution, employment, and social justice. Covers energy/climate change; genetic engineering; telecommunications and role of misinformation; industrial automation; effect of regulation on technological innovation; impacts of antitrust law on innovation and equity; pharmaceuticals; nanotechnology; cost/benefit analysis as a decision tool; public participation in governmental decisions affecting science and technology; corporate influence on technology and welfare; and law and economics as competing paradigms to encourage sustainability. Students taking graduate version explore subject in greater depth. N. Ashford IDS.075[J] Transportation: Foundations and Methods
()
(Same subject as 1.041[J]) (Subject meets with 1.200[J], 11.544[J], IDS.675[J]) Prereq: (1.010A and (1.00 or 1.000)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-1-8 Subject Cancelled
Covers core analytical and numerical methods for modeling, planning, operations, and control of transportation systems. Traffic flow theory, vehicle dynamics and behavior, numerical integration and simulation, graphical analysis. Properties of delays, queueing theory. Resource allocation, optimization models, linear and integer programming. Autonomy in transport, Markov Decision Processes, reinforcement learning, deep learning. Applications drawn broadly from land, air, and sea transport; private and public sector; transport of passengers and goods; futuristic, modern, and historical. Hands-on computational labs. Linear algebra background is encouraged but not required. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. C. Wu IDS.131[J] Statistics, Computation and Applications
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(Same subject as 6.3732[J]) (Subject meets with 6.3730[J], IDS.012[J]) Prereq: (6.100B, (18.03, 18.06, or 18.C06), and (6.3700, 6.3800, 14.30, 16.09, or 18.05)) or permission of instructor Units: 3-1-8 Lecture: MW11-12.30 (2-190) Recitation: W4 (36-144) or F10 (36-144) or F11 (36-156)
Hands-on analysis of data demonstrates the interplay between statistics and computation. Includes four modules, each centered on a specific data set, and introduced by a domain expert. Provides instruction in specific, relevant analysis methods and corresponding algorithmic aspects. Potential modules may include medical data, gene regulation, social networks, finance data (time series), traffic, transportation, weather forecasting, policy, or industrial web applications. Projects address a large-scale data analysis question. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited enrollment; priority to Statistics and Data Science minors and to juniors and seniors. C. Uhler, N. Azizan, M. Roozbehani No required or recommended textbooks IDS.136[J] Graphical Models: A Geometric, Algebraic, and Combinatorial Perspective
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 6.7820[J]) Prereq: 6.3702 and 18.06 Units: 3-0-9
Provides instruction in the geometric, algebraic and combinatorial perspective on graphical models. Presents methods for learning the underlying graph and inferring its parameters. Topics include exponential families, duality theory, conic duality, polyhedral geometry, undirected graphical models, Bayesian networks, Markov properties, total positivity of distributions, hidden variables, and tensor decompositions. C. Uhler IDS.140[J] Reinforcement Learning: Foundations and Methods
()
(Same subject as 1.127[J], 6.7920[J]) Prereq: 6.3700 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Examines reinforcement learning (RL) as a methodology for approximately solving sequential decision-making under uncertainty, with foundations in optimal control and machine learning. Provides a mathematical introduction to RL, including dynamic programming, statistical, and empirical perspectives, and special topics. Core topics include: dynamic programming, special structures, finite and infinite horizon Markov Decision Processes, value and policy iteration, Monte Carlo methods, temporal differences, Q-learning, stochastic approximation, and bandits. Also covers approximate dynamic programming, including value-based methods and policy space methods. Applications and examples drawn from diverse domains. Focus is mathematical, but is supplemented with computational exercises. An analysis prerequisite is suggested but not required; mathematical maturity is necessary. C. Wu IDS.145[J] Data Mining: Finding the Models and Predictions that Create Value
(); second half of term
(Same subject as 15.062[J]) (Subject meets with 15.0621) Prereq: 15.060, 15.075, or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW4-5.30 (E51-315) Recitation: T4 (E62-262)
Introduction to data mining, data science, and machine learning for recognizing patterns, developing models and predictive analytics, and making intelligent use of massive amounts of data collected via the internet, e-commerce, electronic banking, medical databases, etc. Topics include logistic regression, association rules, tree-structured classification and regression, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and neural network methods. Presents examples of successful applications in credit ratings, fraud detection, marketing, customer relationship management, investments, and synthetic clinical trials. Introduces data-mining software (R and Python). Grading based on homework, cases, and a term project. Expectations and evaluation criteria differ for students taking the undergraduate version; consult syllabus or instructor for specific details. R. Welsch Textbooks (Spring 2025) IDS.147[J] Statistical Machine Learning and Data Science
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 15.077[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8
Advanced introduction to theory and application of statistics, data-mining and machine learning using techniques from management science, marketing, finance, consulting, and bioinformatics. Covers bootstrap theory of estimation, testing, nonparametric statistics, analysis of variance, experimental design, categorical data analysis, regression analysis, MCMC, and Bayesian methods. Focuses on data mining, supervised learning, and multivariate analysis. Topics chosen from logistic regression, principal components and dimension reduction; discrimination and classification analysis, trees (CART), partial least squares, nearest neighbors, regularized methods, support vector machines, boosting and bagging, clustering, independent component analysis, and nonparametric regression. Uses statistics software R, Python, and MATLAB. Grading based on homework, cases, and a term project. R. Welsch IDS.160[J] Mathematical Statistics: a Non-Asymptotic Approach
()
(Same subject as 9.521[J], 18.656[J]) Prereq: (6.7700, 18.06, and 18.6501) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (46-3002)
Introduces students to modern non-asymptotic statistical analysis. Topics include high-dimensional models, nonparametric regression, covariance estimation, principal component analysis, oracle inequalities, prediction and margin analysis for classification. Develops a rigorous probabilistic toolkit, including tail bounds and a basic theory of empirical processes S. Rakhlin, P. Rigollet No required or recommended textbooks IDS.190 Doctoral Seminar in Statistics and Data Science
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Interdisciplinary seminar explores diverse topics in statistics and data science. Restricted to students in the Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program in Statistics. Staff IDS.250[J] The Theory of Operations Management
()
(Same subject as 1.271[J], 15.764[J]) Prereq: (6.7210 and 6.7700) or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR2.30-4 (E51-151)
Provides mathematical foundations underlying the theory of operations management. Covers both classic and state-of-the-art results in various application domains, including inventory management, supply chain management and logistics, behavioral operations, healthcare management, service industries, pricing and revenue management, and auctions. Studies a wide range of mathematical and analytical techniques, such as dynamic programming, stochastic orders, principal-agent models and contract design, behavioral and experimental economics, algorithms and approximations, data-driven and learning models, and mechanism design. Also provides practical experience in how to apply the theoretical models to solve OM problems in business settings. Specific topics vary from year to year. D. Freund No textbook information available IDS.305[J] Business and Operations Analytics
(); first half of term
(Same subject as 1.275[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: T10-1 (66-168)
Provides instruction on identifying, evaluating, and capturing business analytics opportunities that create value. Also provides basic instruction in analytics methods and case study analysis of organizations that successfully deployed these techniques. D. Simchi-Levi No required or recommended textbooks IDS.332 System Design and Management for a Changing World: Combined
()
Engineering School-Wide Elective Subject. (Offered under: 1.146, 16.861, EM.422, IDS.332) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Credit cannot also be received for EM.423, IDS.333
Practical-oriented subject that builds upon theory and methods and culminates in extended application. Covers methods to identify, value, and implement flexibility in design (real options). Topics include definition of uncertainties, simulation of performance for scenarios, screening models to identify desirable flexibility, decision analysis, and multidimensional economic evaluation. Students demonstrate proficiency through an extended application to a system design of their choice. Complements research or thesis projects. Class is "flipped" to maximize student engagement and learning. Meets with IDS.333 in the first half of term. Enrollment limited. R. de Neufville IDS.333[J] System Design and Management for a Changing World: Tools
(); first half of term
(Same subject as EM.423[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-3 Credit cannot also be received for 1.146, 16.861, EM.422, IDS.332
Focuses on design choices and decisions under uncertainty. Topics include identification and description of uncertainties using probability distributions; the calculation of commensurate measures of value, such as expected net present values; Monte Carlo simulation and risk analysis; and the use of decision analysis to explore alternative strategies and identify optimal initial choices. Presents applied analysis of practical examples from a variety of engineering systems using spreadsheet and decision analysis software. Class is "flipped" to maximize student engagement and learning. Meets with IDS.332 first half of term. R. de Neufville IDS.334[J] System Design and Management for a Changing World: Projects
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Media Arts and Sciences
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Undergraduate SubjectsMAS.131 Computational Camera and Photography
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers the complete pipeline of computational cameras that attempt to digitally capture the essence of visual information by exploiting the synergistic combination of task-specific optics, illumination, sensors, and processing. Students discuss and use thermal, multi-spectral, high-speed and 3-D range-sensing cameras, as well as camera arrays. Presents opportunities in scientific and medical imaging, and mobile phone-based photography. Also covers cameras for human computer interaction (HCI) and sensors that mimic animal eyes. Intended for students with interest in algorithmic and technical aspects of imaging and photography. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. Raskar MAS.132 Mathematical Methods in Imaging
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-7
Surveys the landscape of imaging techniques and develops skills for conducting imaging research. Reviews technical and social aspects of the evolving camera culture and considers its role in transforming social interactions, reshaping businesses, and influencing communities worldwide. Explores innovative protocols for sharing and consumption of visual media, as well as novel hardware and software tools based on advanced lenses, digital illumination, modern sensors, and emerging image-analysis algorithms. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. Raskar MAS.240 Black Mobility and Safety: From Birth to Walking in the US
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
One of two related subjects which explore physical, mental, socio-economic, political, and other issues related to mobility and safety for Black Americans through words, images, and sounds that reference social science and anti-racist research. Topics include birth, breathing, sleeping, eating, and walking while Black. Weekly meetings include private group discussions on assigned materials, public lectures from guests ranging from designers and urban planners to activists and social scientists, and private individual presentations for the group. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 10. Staff MAS.241 Black Mobility and Safety: From Loving to Learning in the US
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
One of two related subjects which explore physical, mental, socio-economic, political, and other issues related to mobility and safety for Black Americans through words, images, and sounds that reference social science and anti-racist research. Topics include learning, voting, driving, working, and loving while Black. Weekly meetings include private group discussions on assigned materials, public lectures from guests ranging from designers and urban planners to activists and social scientists, and private individual presentations for the group. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 10. E. Ijeoma MAS.342 Safeguarding the Future
()
(Subject meets with MAS.842) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: W10-1 (E15-341) +final
Leading experts guide discussions of how to safeguard the world against the greatest threats to our future. Topics range from the overt perils of pandemic and nuclear proliferation to the underlying coordination failures responsible for climate change, and from technological stagnation to transformative AI. Draws on the history of invention and science communication to explore which technologies are most likely to shape the future and how inventors and developers can influence outcomes, with the goal of determining how to accomplish as much good as possible. Emphasizes science writing and communication. Students write three op-eds on key issues and participate in a group project aiming to coordinate effective action. Students taking the graduate version complete additional work. K. Esvelt, M. Specter No textbook information available MAS.453[J] Mobile and Sensor Computing
()
(Same subject as 6.1820[J]) Prereq: 6.1800 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: TR1-2.30 (24-121)
Focuses on "Internet of Things" (IoT) systems and technologies, sensing, computing, and communication. Explores fundamental design and implementation issues in the engineering of mobile and sensor computing systems. Topics include battery-free sensors, seeing through wall, robotic sensors, vital sign sensors (breathing, heartbeats, emotions), sensing in cars and autonomous vehicles, subsea IoT, sensor security, positioning technologies (including GPS and indoor WiFi), inertial sensing (accelerometers, gyroscopes, inertial measurement units, dead-reckoning), embedded and distributed system architectures, sensing with radio signals, sensing with microphones and cameras, wireless sensor networks, embedded and distributed system architectures, mobile libraries and APIs to sensors, and application case studies. Includes readings from research literature, as well as laboratory assignments and a significant term project. F. Adib No textbook information available MAS.460[J] Cybersecurity
()
(Same subject as 17.447[J], IDS.050[J]) (Subject meets with 17.448[J], IDS.350[J], MAS.660[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T1-3 (E60-112) Recitation: T3 (E51-390) or R1 (1-136)
Focuses on the complexity of cybersecurity in a changing world. Examines national and international aspects of overall cyber ecology. Explores sources and consequences of cyber threats and different types of damages. Considers impacts for and of various aspects of cybersecurity in diverse geostrategic, political, business and economic contexts. Addresses national and international policy responses as well as formal and informal strategies and mechanisms for responding to cyber insecurity and enhancing conditions of cybersecurity. Students taking graduate version expected to pursue subject in greater depth through reading and individual research. N. Choucri, S. Madnick, A. Pentland No textbook information available MAS.490 Independent Study in Media Arts and Sciences
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Special projects on group or individual basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement of subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.491 Independent Study in Media Arts and Sciences
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Special projects on group or individual basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement of subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.UR Undergraduate Research in Media Arts and Sciences
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Individual or group study, research, or laboratory investigations under faculty supervision, including individual participation in an ongoing research project. See UROP coordinator for further information Fall: M. El-Kouedi IAP: M. El-Kouedi Spring: M. El-Kouedi Textbooks arranged individually MAS.URG Undergraduate Research in Media Arts and Sciences
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units arranged TBA.
Individual or group study, research, or laboratory investigations under faculty supervision, including individual participation in an ongoing research project. See UROP coordinator for further information. Fall: M. El-Kouedi IAP: M. El-Kouedi Spring: M. El-Kouedi Textbooks arranged individually Graduate SubjectsMAS.531 Computational Camera and Photography
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers the complete pipeline of computational cameras that attempt to digitally capture the essence of visual information by exploiting the synergistic combination of task-specific optics, illumination, sensors, and processing. Students discuss and use thermal, multi-spectral, high-speed and 3-D range-sensing cameras, as well as camera arrays. Presents opportunities in scientific and medical imaging, and mobile phone-based photography. Also covers cameras for human computer interaction (HCI) and sensors that mimic animal eyes. Intended for students with interest in algorithmic and technical aspects of imaging and photography. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. Raskar MAS.532 Mathematical Methods in Imaging
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-7
Surveys the landscape of imaging techniques and develops skills for conducting imaging research. Reviews technical and social aspects of the evolving camera culture and considers its role in transforming social interactions, reshaping businesses, and influencing communities worldwide. Explores innovative protocols for sharing and consumption of visual media, as well as novel hardware and software tools based on advanced lenses, digital illumination, modern sensors, and emerging image-analysis algorithms. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. R. Raskar MAS.552[J] City Science
()
(Same subject as 4.557[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Subject Cancelled
Focuses on innovative propositions for shaping the cities of tomorrow, responding to emerging trends, technologies, and ecological imperatives. Students take part in "what-if?" scenarios to tackle real-world challenges. Through collaborative, project-based learning in small teams, students are mentored by researchers from the City Science group. Projects focus on the application of these ideas to case study cities and may include travel. Invited guests from academia and industry participate. Repeatable for credit with permission of instructor. K. Larson MAS.600 Human 2.0
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-9-0 Subject Cancelled
Covers principles underlying current and future technologies for cognitive, emotional and physical augmentation. Focuses on using anatomical, biomechanical, neuromechanical, biochemical and neurological models of the human body to guide the designs of augmentation technology for persons with either unusual or normal physiologies that wish to extend their cognitive, emotion, social or physical capability to new levels. Topics include robotic exoskeletons and powered orthoses, external limb prostheses, neural implant technology, social-emotional prostheses, and cognitive prostheses. Requires student presentations, critiques of class readings, and a final project including a publication-quality paper. Enrollment limited. Staff MAS.630 Advanced Seminar: Affective Computing and Ethics
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-10
Instructs students on how to develop artificial intelligence technologies that help people measure and communicate emotion, that respectfully read and that intelligently respond to emotion, and that have internal mechanisms inspired by the useful roles emotions play in humans. Students will also discuss ethical questions that arise with the use of emotion-AI technologies and how to prevent misuse. Topics vary from year to year, and may include the interaction of emotion with cognition and perception; the communication of human emotion via face, voice, physiology, and behavior; construction of computers, agents, and robots having skills of emotional intelligence; the role of emotion in decision-making and learning; and ethical uses of affective technologies for education, autism, health, and market research applications. Weekly reading, discussion, and a term project required. Enrollment limited. R. W. Picard MAS.660[J] Cybersecurity
()
(Same subject as 17.448[J], IDS.350[J]) (Subject meets with 17.447[J], IDS.050[J], MAS.460[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T1-3 (E60-112)
Focuses on the complexity of cybersecurity in a changing world. Examines national and international aspects of overall cyber ecology. Explores sources and consequences of cyber threats and different types of damages. Considers impacts for and of various aspects of cybersecurity in diverse geostrategic, political, business and economic contexts. Addresses national and international policy responses as well as formal and informal strategies and mechanisms for responding to cyber insecurity and enhancing conditions of cybersecurity. Students taking graduate version expected to pursue subject in greater depth through reading and individual research. N. Choucri, S. Madnick, A. Pentland No textbook information available MAS.664[J] AI for Impact: Solving Societal-Scale Problems
()
(Same subject as 15.376[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: R10-12 (E14-633)
Examines internal and external entrepreneurship driven by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, aiming to utilize digital innovations that lead to societal change. Probes a range of AI-generated business models and opportunities, exploring challenges in key sectors such as digital health, sustainability, fintech, and the decentralization of society and commerce by developing sustainable and economically viable solutions. Content includes blockchain, privacy technology, data markets, and AI advancements like Web3 and distributed machine learning. Cases illustrate examples of both successful and failed businesses, as well as difficulties in deploying and diffusing products. Guest speakers provide real-world insights into entrepreneurship. As a final project, students work in teams to develop a business plan executive summary for one of the featured technologies. Enrollment is limited; please see subject website for details. R. Raskar, P. Agrawal, S. Karaman No textbook information available MAS.665[J] Global Ventures
()
(Same subject as 15.375[J], EC.731[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Seminar on founding, financing, and building entrepreneurial ventures in developing nations. Challenges students to craft enduring and economically viable solutions to the problems faced by these countries. Cases illustrate examples of both successful and failed businesses, and the difficulties in deploying and diffusing products and services through entrepreneurial action. Explores a range of established and emerging business models, as well as new business opportunities enabled by innovations emerging from MIT labs and beyond. Students develop a business plan executive summary suitable for submission in the MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition's Accelerate Contest or MIT IDEAS. R. Raskar MAS.690 Independent Study in Media Arts and Sciences
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Opportunity for independent study under regular supervision by a faculty member. Registration subject to prior arrangement of subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.712 Learning Creative Learning
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 [P/D/F] Lecture: W1-3.30 (E15-341)
An introduction to the design of technologies, activities, and communities to support young people in creative learning experiences. Through readings, activities, and group discussions, explores the four P's of creative learning: projects, passion, peers, and play. Draws on examples from the Lifelong Kindergarten group at the MIT Media Lab, including the Scratch programming language and online community. Special focus on how to engage learners from many different backgrounds, with many different interests. M. Resnick No textbook information available MAS.740 Black Mobility and Safety: From Birth to Walking in the US
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
One of two related subjects which explore physical, mental, socio-economic, political, and other issues related to mobility and safety for Black Americans through words, images, and sounds that reference social science and anti-racist research. Topics include birth, breathing, sleeping, eating, and walking while Black. Weekly meetings include private group discussions on assigned materials, public lectures from guests ranging from designers and urban planners to activists and social scientists, and private individual presentations for the group. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. Limited to 10. Staff MAS.741 Black Mobility and Safety: From Loving to Learning in the US
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6
One of two related subjects which explore physical, mental, socio-economic, political, and other issues related to mobility and safety for Black Americans through words, images, and sounds that reference social science and anti-racist research. Topics include learning, voting, driving, working, and loving while Black. Weekly meetings include private group discussions on assigned materials, public lectures from guests ranging from designers and urban planners to activists and social scientists, and private individual presentations for the group. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. Ijeoma MAS.750 Human-Robot Interaction
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-7
In-depth exploration of the leading research, design principles, and technical challenges in human-robot interaction (HRI), with an emphasis on socially interactive robots. Topics include mixed-initiative interaction, multi-modal interfaces, face-to-face communication, human-robot teamwork, social learning, aspects of social cognition, and long-term interaction. Applications of these topics to the development of personal robots for health, education, elder care, domestic assistance, and other domains will be surveyed. Requires student presentations, critiques of class readings, student projects, and a final project including a publication quality paper. C. Breazeal MAS.771 Autism Theory and Technology
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-10
Illuminates current theories about autism together with challenges faced by people on the autism spectrum. Theories in communicating, interacting socially, managing cognitive and affective overload, and achieving independent lifestyles are covered. In parallel, the course presents state-of-the-art technologies being developed for helping improve both theoretical understanding and practical outcomes. Participants expected to meet and interact with people on the autism spectrum. Weekly reading, discussion, and a term project required. Enrollment limited. Staff MAS.772 AI for Mental Health
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged
Provides instruction about behaviors and technologies that promote good mental health and foster resilience to stress and anxiety. Covers AI and smart technologies used in diagnosing, monitoring, and treating mental disorders. Students develop a project of their choosing on the topic, which may include novel technology design and evaluation, human subjects studies, machine learning and data analysis, or other investigations that propose and evaluate new ways to use AI for improving mental health. Enrollment limited; preference to MAS and other MIT students in their final year. Staff MAS.790 Independent Study in Media Arts and Sciences
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Opportunity for independent study under regular supervision by a faculty member. Registration subject to prior arrangement of subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.808 Decoders 2.0: Microfabricated Devices
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6
Explores various microfabricated device layouts and their impacts on the world through guest lectures. Follows with literature review wherein students compose a summary paper based on representative papers published by the guest lecturers. As a final project, students write and publish on the class website a comprehensive perspective article based on guest lectures. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. Limited to 10; preference to Media Arts and Sciences students. C. Dagdeviren MAS.809 Decoders 1.9: Introduction to Microfabrication
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-6-3
Lectures along with cleanroom lab sessions (in Conformable Decoders' YellowBox) provide exposure to cleanroom processes and microfabrication techniques. Builds practical experience with all five components of the microfabrication techniques, including cleaning, deposition, patterning, etching, and testing. Working in small teams, students complete a midterm project in which they create a video of a microfabrication process demonstrated in the cleanroom. As a final project, students identify a problem that would be tackled with a collective device fabricated in the cleanroom in following semester. Students work throughout the term to develop a class booklet of microfabrication terms. Limited to 10 students, no listeners. C. Dagdeviren MAS.810 Decoders 1.8: Project Realization in Cleanroom
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: MAS.809 and permission of instructor Units: 3-6-3
Builds on the combination of knowledge and skills learned in D1.0 and D1.7, respectively to guide students to develop their own mechanically adaptive (i.e., stretchable & flexible) piezoelectric systems. Students write an article about their research findings that will be published on the course website by the end of term. Instructs how to do literature review, to compose clear and concise sentences to describe findings, and to write a perspective article in a collective manner. Limited to 10; no listeners. Staff MAS.825[J] Musical Aesthetics and Media Technology
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 21M.580[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-3-6
In-depth exploration of contemporary concepts in music and media. Studies recent music that uses advanced technology, and the artistic motivations and concerns implied by the new media. Practical experience with computer music technology, including MIDI and post-MIDI systems. Special emphasis on the interactive systems for professionals as well as amateurs. Midterm paper and term project required. T. Machover MAS.826[J] Projects in Media and Music
()
(Same subject as 21M.581[J]) Prereq: MAS.825 Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: W1-3.30 (E14-333)
Current computer music concepts and practice. Project-based work on research or production projects using the Media Lab's computer music, interactive, and media resources. Requires significant studio work and a term project. Projects based on class interests and skills, and may be individually or group-based. May be repeated for credit with permission of instructor. T. Machover No textbook information available MAS.834 Tangible Interfaces
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-3-6
Explores design issues surrounding tangible user interfaces, a new form of human-computer interaction. Tangible user interfaces seek to realize seamless interfaces between humans, digital information, and the physical environment by giving physical form to digital information and computation, making bits directly manipulable with hands and perceptible at the periphery of human awareness. In the design studio environment, students explore experimental tangible interface designs, theories, applications, and underlying technologies, using concept sketches, posters, physical mockups, and working prototypes. H. Ishii MAS.836 Sensor Technologies for Interactive Environments
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: TR3.30-5 (E15-359)
A broad introduction to a host of sensor technologies, illustrated by applications drawn from human-computer interfaces and ubiquitous computing. After extensively reviewing electronics for sensor signal conditioning, the lectures cover the principles and operation of a variety of sensor architectures and modalities, including pressure, strain, displacement, proximity, thermal, electric and magnetic field, optical, acoustic, RF, inertial, and bioelectric. Simple sensor processing algorithms and wired and wireless network standards are also discussed. Students are required to complete written assignments, a set of laboratories, and a final project. M. Feldmeier No textbook information available MAS.837 Principles of Electronic Music Interfaces
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Explores the ways in which electronic music is controlled and performed. A solid historical perspective is presented, tracing the development of various families of electronic musical controllers and instruments from their genesis in the late 1800s onwards. Design principles and engineering detail are also given for various current and classic controllers. Evolving issues in the control of computer music for live performance and interactive installations are discussed, including computer mapping of sensor signals and transduced gesture onto sound, music, and other media. Weekly reading assignments are given, and a final project or paper is required. J. Paradiso MAS.838[J] Prototyping our Sci-Fi Space Future: Designing & Deploying Projects for Zero Gravity Flights
()
(Same subject as 16.88[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-2-8
Instruction in project development, prototyping, and deployment readiness for parabolic flights. Admitted student teams are offered flyer and project-deployment slots on the Space Exploration Initiative's spring parabolic flight, upon successful completion of the course in the fall and integration with the flight provider. Covers three main topic areas: 1) rapid prototyping and engineering skills to prepare projects for operation in microgravity; 2) logistics, training, and safety pre-approval steps to meet flight readiness requirements and pass a Technical Readiness Review (TRR); and 3) creative and technical lenses for the future of space exploration, examining the MIT Space Exploration Initiative's design and prototyping approach, and MIT parabolic flight research examples across Science, Engineering, Art, and Design, and across departments. Enrollment limited; admission by application. C. Paige, A. Ekblaw, J. Hoffman MAS.839[J] Operating in the Lunar Environment
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 16.839[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-2-8
Explores in detail the design and engineering challenges posed by operating in the lunar environment. Students work in teams to design a payload to address strategic objectives associated with NASA's Artemis program, aiming to enable near-term sustainable settlements on the lunar surface. Lectures and associated recitations explore varying mission goals and operating environments, from lunar-class launch, to orbiters, landers, rovers, and habitats. Guest lecturers include prominent engineers, scientists, industry players, and policymakers with direct experience in lunar mission design and development. Enrollment limited; admission by application. J. Hoffman, A. Ekblaw MAS.841 Evolution: Natural and Directed
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Covers topics in molecular evolution, including mutation, recombination, evolvability, sexual reproduction and substitutes, experimental and directed evolution, genomic conflict, and gene drive. Features discussion-based critical analyses of the primary literature. At the end of the term, students prepare short research proposals emphasizing research strategy, experimental design, presentation, and writing. They also write a short grant proposal or manuscript intended for publication. Staff MAS.842 Safeguarding the Future
()
(Subject meets with MAS.342) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: W10-1 (E15-341) +final
Leading experts guide discussions of how to safeguard the world against the greatest threats to our future. Topics range from the overt perils of pandemic and nuclear proliferation to the underlying coordination failures responsible for climate change, and from technological stagnation to transformative AI. Draws on the history of invention and science communication to explore which technologies are most likely to shape the future and how inventors and developers can influence outcomes, with the goal of determining how to accomplish as much good as possible. Emphasizes science writing and communication. Students write three op-eds on key issues and participate in a group project aiming to coordinate effective action. Students taking the graduate version complete additional work. K. Esvelt, M. Specter No textbook information available MAS.858[J] Asking How Space Enabled Designs Advance Justice and Development
()Not offered regularly; consult department (Same subject as 16.857[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9
Examines theoretical and practical challenges of applying complex technology, such as space systems, to advance justice and development within human society. Proposes and critiques a concept of justice and development based on attainment of the US Sustainable Development Goals. Analyzes text by historians and economists around global patterns of uneven technology access. Teaches systems engineering tools to analyze the context, stakeholders, functions and forms of complex systems that impact society. Presents six space technologies used for specific Sustainable Development Goal. Students read several text, discuss key themes, write reflective responses, and write a research proposal on a topic of their choice. Part of two-class series on space technology and sustainable development. Limited to 15. D. Wood MAS.859[J] Space Technology for the Development Leader
()
(Same subject as 16.859[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-3 Lecture: M9-12 (E14-493)
Follow on to MAS.858. Introduces intersections between space technology and sustainable development by examining technical, policy and social aspects of seven space technologies: satellite earth observation; satellite communication; satellite positioning; human space flight and micro gravity research; space technology transfer; fundamental scientific space research; and small satellites. Lectures introduce the UN Sustainable Development Goals and show linkages to seven space technologies from the perspective of development practitioners. Students read scholarly papers, write weekly responses, give presentations, and write a research paper. D. Wood No textbook information available MAS.862 The Physics of Information Technology
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MAS.862/ Lecture: R1-4 (E14-493)
Self-contained introduction to the governing equations for devices that collect, store, manipulate, transmit and present information. Provides an understanding of how operational device principles work, their uses, the limits on their performance, and how they might be improved. Students review the foundations of thermodynamics and noise, electromagnetics, and the quantum description of materials, and then study their application in areas such as semiconductor logic, magnetic storage, wireless and optical communications, and quantum information and computation. N. Gershenfeld No textbook information available MAS.863[J] How to Make (Almost) Anything
()
(Same subject as 4.140[J], 6.9020[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-9-6
Provides a practical hands-on introduction to digital fabrication, including CAD/CAM/CAE, NC machining, 3-D printing and scanning, molding and casting, composites, laser and waterjet cutting, PCB design and fabrication; sensors and actuators; mixed-signal instrumentation, embedded processing, and wired and wireless communications. Develops an understanding of these capabilities through projects using them individually and jointly to create functional systems. N. Gershenfeld MAS.864 The Nature of Mathematical Modeling
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 URL: https://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MAS.864/ Subject Cancelled
Surveys the range of levels of description for mathematical modeling, including analytical solutions and approximations for difference and differential equations; finite difference, finite element, and discrete element numerical models; stochastic processes, nonlinear function fitting, constrained optimization, and machine learning architectures. Emphasis is on how these methods relate, and on their efficient practical implementation. N. Gershenfeld MAS.865 Rapid-Prototyping of Rapid-Prototyping Machines: How to Make Something that Makes (Almost) Anything
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: MAS.863 or permission of instructor Units: 3-9-0 URL: https://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MAS.865/ Subject Cancelled
Studies rapid-prototyping machines and covers the theory and practice of digital fabrication processes. Weekly lectures supported by readings from research literature. Students work on machine development projects throughout the term. N. Gershenfeld MAS.881[J] Principles of Neuroengineering
()
(Same subject as 9.422[J], 20.452[J]) (Subject meets with 20.352) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Covers how to innovate technologies for brain analysis and engineering, for accelerating the basic understanding of the brain, and leading to new therapeutic insight and inventions. Focuses on using physical, chemical and biological principles to understand technology design criteria governing ability to observe and alter brain structure and function. Topics include optogenetics, noninvasive brain imaging and stimulation, nanotechnologies, stem cells and tissue engineering, and advanced molecular and structural imaging technologies. Includes design projects. Designed for students with engineering maturity who are ready for design. Students taking graduate version complete additional assignments. E. S. Boyden, III MAS.883[J] Revolutionary Ventures: How to Invent and Deploy Transformative Technologies
()
(Same subject as 9.455[J], 15.128[J], 20.454[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-7
Seminar on envisioning and building ideas and organizations to accelerate engineering revolutions. Focuses on emerging technology domains, such as neurotechnology, imaging, cryotechnology, gerontechnology, and bio-and-nano fabrication. Draws on historical examples as well as live case studies of existing or emerging organizations, including labs, institutes, startups, and companies. Goals range from accelerating basic science to developing transformative products or therapeutics. Each class is devoted to a specific area, often with invited speakers, exploring issues from the deeply technical through the strategic. Individually or in small groups, students prototype new ventures aimed at inventing and deploying revolutionary technologies. E. Boyden, J. Bonsen, J. Jacobson MAS.885 How To Grow (Almost) Anything
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: T2-5 (E15-341) Recitation: W EVE (5-7 PM) (E15-359)
Teaches skills at the cutting edge of bioengineering and synthetic biology. Taught in three major modules: synthetic biology bootcamp, biofabrication and imaging, and genome engineering. Guest lecturers provide expertise in their respective domains and wet lab skills development. Topics include bio design, next generation synthesis, bio production, protein design, synthetic minimal cells, engineering the gut microbiome, 3D bio printing & biofabrication, expansion microscopy, and DNA nanostructures. Students should have experience or background in at least one of the following areas: synthetic biology, molecular, cell, or micro-biology, digital fabrication, design, or art. Limited to 15. J. Jacobson, D. Kong No textbook information available MAS.890 Independent Study in Media Arts and Sciences
(, )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Opportunity for independent study under regular supervision by a faculty member. Registration subject to prior arrangement of subject matter and supervision by staff. Fall: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks GeneralMAS.910 Research in Media Technology
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Research for Media Arts and Sciences students, where the assigned research is approved for academic credit by the department. Fall: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.912 Teaching in Media Arts and Sciences
(, )
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Laboratory, tutorial, or classroom teaching under the supervision of a Media Arts and Sciences faculty member. Students selected by interview. Enrollment limited by availability of suitable teaching assignments. Fall: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.914 Practical Experience in Media Arts and Sciences
(, , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-1-0 [P/D/F] TBA.
For Media Arts and Sciences masters students participating in curriculum-related off-campus professional internship experiences. Before enrolling, students must have an employment offer from a company or organization and approval from their advisor. Subject to departmental approval. Upon completion of the activity the student must submit a write-up of the experience, approved by the MIT advisor. Consult the MAS Office for details on procedures and restrictions. Fall: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.915 Practical Experience in Media Arts and Sciences
(, , , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-1-0 [P/D/F] TBA.
For Media Arts and Sciences doctoral students participating in curriculum-related off-campus professional internship experiences. Before enrolling, students must have an employment offer from a company or organization and approval from their advisor. Subject to departmental approval. Upon completion of the activity the student must submit a write-up of the experience, approved by the MIT advisor. Consult the MAS Office for details on procedures and restrictions. Fall: S. Shubart IAP: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.921 Proseminar in Media Arts and Sciences
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9 [P/D/F]
Designed specifically for new doctoral students in the Media Arts and Sciences (MAS) program. Explores intellectual foundations of MAS, unifying themes connecting MAS research, and working practices of MAS researchers. Restricted to MAS doctoral students. M. Resnick MAS.940 Preparation for SM Thesis I
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: W3.30-5 (E15-341)
For first-year master's students in the MAS program. Features faculty-led discussions on best practices for conducting and evaluating research in diverse disciplines, ways of assessing the consequences of new technologies, and strategies for mitigating unintended outcomes. Working in small groups, students share and critique research ideas to catalyze and refine projects and collaborations. By the end of the course, students will have identified potential committee members to help guide their thesis research. K. Esvelt, C. Breazeal No textbook information available MAS.941 Preparation for SM Thesis II
()
Prereq: MAS.940 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6 [P/D/F]
Guides students in the selection of thesis topic, definition of method of approach, and preparation for Crit Day and thesis proposal. K. Esvelt MAS.945 Media Arts and Sciences General Exam
(, , , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-12-0 [P/D/F] TBA.
Required subject for Media Arts and Sciences doctoral students working on the general exam, from preparation of the proposal through completion of the oral and written components of the exam. Fall: S. Shubart IAP: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.950 Preparation for Ph.D. Thesis
(, , , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Selects thesis subject, defines method of approach, and prepares preliminary thesis outline. Independent study, supplemented by frequent individual conferences with staff members. Restricted to doctoral candidates. Fall: S. Shubart IAP: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks MAS.S10 Special Subject in Media Technology
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. MAS Staff MAS.S60-MAS.S64 Special Subject in Media Technology
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged MAS.S60: Lecture: TR1 (E15-341) MAS.S61: Lecture: T10-1 (E15-341) MAS.S62: Lecture: R1-3 (E15-466) MAS.S63: Lecture: T1-3 (E15-359) MAS.S64 Cancelled
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. M. Mokgosi MAS.S60: No textbook information available MAS.S61: No textbook information available MAS.S62: No textbook information available MAS.S63: No textbook information available MAS.S65-MAS.S69 Special Subject in Media Technology
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged MAS.S65: Lecture: T10.30-12 (E15-359) Lab: R10.30-12 (E15-341) MAS.S66: Lecture: TR1-4 (3-415)
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. Staff MAS.S65: No textbook information available MAS.S66: No textbook information available MAS.S70 Special Subject in Media Technology
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. Staff MAS.S71 Special Subject in Media Technology
(, ) ; first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. Staff MAS.S72 Special Subject in Media Technology
(, ) ; second half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. Staff MAS.S73 Special Subject in Media Technology
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F]
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. Staff MAS.S74 Special Subject in Media Technology
(, ) ; first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. Staff MAS.S75 Special Subject in Media Technology
(, ) ; second half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. Staff MAS.S76 Special Subject in Media Arts and Sciences
() Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. Staff MAS.S90 Special Subject in Media Arts and Sciences
() ; partial term
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged [P/D/F]
Supplementary work in areas not covered by the regular curriculum. Registration subject to prior arrangement. M. Resnick MAS.THG Graduate Thesis
(, , , )
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Program of research and writing of thesis; to be arranged by the student with supervising committee. Fall: S. Shubart IAP: S. Shubart Spring: S. Shubart No required or recommended textbooks |
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Supply Chain Management
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SCM.250 Analytical Methods for Supply Chain Management I
(); partial term
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1
Covers the primary methods of analysis required for supply chain management planning. The class solves various practical problems using simulation, linear programming, integer programming, regression, and other techniques. The work is primarily team based with a final exam. Restricted to SCM students. E. Dugundji SCM.251 Supply Chain Financial Analysis
(); partial term
Prereq: None. Coreq: SCM.260; or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6
Explores the linkages between supply chain management and corporate finance. Emphasizes how the supply chain creates value for both the shareholders of the company and for the stakeholders affected by the company's operations. Sessions combine lectures and data-rich cases from the manufacturer, distributor, and retailer perspective. Topics include accounting fundamentals, financial analysis, activity-based costing, working capital management, cash flow projections, capital budgeting, and sustainability. J. Goentzel, J. Rice SCM.253 Case Studies in Supply Chain Financial Analysis
(); first half of termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Students explore and discuss case studies that focus on financial analysis in real supply chains. Cases provide the opportunity for students to apply the theory and quantitative methods that they have studied in addressing actual supply chain challenges. These include decision making around sourcing, capital investments, inventory strategy, and new product introduction. Students present and defend their solutions to their peers. J. Rice SCM.254 Analytical Methods for Supply Chain Management II
()
Prereq: SCM.250, SCM.500, or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-1
Introduces tools needed to analyze data to solve supply chain and logistics problems. Topics include principal component analysis and clustering, regression and prediction for continuous and discrete variables, experimental design and causal inference, and geospatial visualization and analysis. Instruction provided in Python programming in the context of data analysis applications for supply chain management. Restricted to SCM students. Staff No textbook information available SCM.256 Data Science and Machine Learning for Supply Chain Management
()
Prereq: SCM.254 or permission of instructor Units: 5-0-7 Lecture: MW2.30-4 (54-100) Lab: R4-5.30 (E25-111) Recitation: T8.30-10 (E51-145) or T4-5.30 (E51-376) or F1-2.30 (E52-164) or F4-5.30 (E52-164)
Introduces data science and machine learning topics in both theory and application. Data science topics include database and API connections, data preparation and manipulation, and data structures. Machine learning topics include model fitting, tuning and prediction, end-to-end problem solving, feature engineering and feature selection, overfitting, generalization, classification, regression, neural networks, dimensionality reduction and clustering. Covers software packages for statistical analysis, data visualization and machine learning. Introduces best practices related to source control, system architecture, cloud computing frameworks and modules, security, emerging financial technologies and software process. Applies teaching examples to logistics, transportation, and supply chain problems. Enrollment limited. E. Dugundji No required or recommended textbooks SCM.258 Written Communication Topics for Supply Chain Management
(, )
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F] Credit cannot also be received for SCM.259
Provides an overview of the expectations for the capstone project and thesis. Explores techniques for developing and organizing ideas and for writing concise, fluid prose. Covers how to find and work with source materials. Restricted to SCM students. Fall: P. Siska IAP: P. Siska No textbook information available SCM.259 Written Communication for Supply Chain Management
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F] Credit cannot also be received for SCM.258
Provides an overview of the expectations for the capstone project/thesis. Explores techniques for developing and organizing ideas and for writing concise, fluid prose. Covers how to find and use source materials. Also touches upon principles of good poster design. Restricted to SCM students. P. Siska SCM.260[J] Logistics Systems
()
(Same subject as 1.260[J], 15.770[J], IDS.730[J]) (Subject meets with SCM.271) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Provides an introduction to supply chain management from both analytical and practical perspectives. Taking a unified approach, students develop a framework for making intelligent decisions within the supply chain. Covers key logistics functions, such as demand planning, procurement, inventory theory and control, transportation planning and execution, reverse logistics, and flexible contracting. Explores concepts such as postponement, portfolio management, and dual sourcing. Emphasizes skills necessary to recognize and manage risk, analyze various tradeoffs, and model logistics systems. SCM.271 meets with SCM.260, but has fewer assignments. Angela Acocella, Chris Caplice SCM.261[J] Case Studies in Logistics and Supply Chain Management
(); second half of term
(Same subject as 1.261[J], 15.771[J]) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR1-2.30 (E52-164)
A combination of case studies and industry speakers covering the strategic and operating issues in supply chain transformation. Focuses on the pragmatic creation of supply chain capabilities, including resilience, omnichannel, E2E visibility, entrepreneurship, servitization, E2E automation, and AI. M. Jesus Saenz No required or recommended textbooks SCM.262 Leading Global Teams
()
Prereq: SCM.260 or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Reinforces supply chain concepts and develops management and teamwork skills. Focuses on practical, rather than theoretical tools, methodologies, and approaches that students will use throughout their supply chain career. Includes guest lectures, a case competition, and several large-scale, team-based simulation learning games. Restricted to SCM students. C. Mejia No textbook information available SCM.263 Advanced Writing Workshop for SCM
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: F8.30-10 (E52-164) or F10-11.30 (E52-164)
Designed to help students write an excellent capstone/thesis. Lectures cover conventions of academic writing and the expectations for each chapter of the capstone/thesis. Small team coaching sessions provide in-depth feedback on each project, helping students present their ideas in cogent, concise prose. Restricted to SCM students. P. Siska, T. Gooley No required or recommended textbooks SCM.264 Databases and Data Analysis for Supply Chain Management
(); second half of term
(Subject meets with SCM.274) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-3
Introduces databases, data analysis, and machine learning topics. Covers data modeling, relational databases, SQL queries, data mining, non-relational databases, and data warehouses. Introduces data analysis tools for visualization, regression, supervised and unsupervised techniques including principal component analysis and clustering. Term project includes implementation of data model, database, visualization and data analysis. SCM.274 meets with SCM.264 but requires fewer assignments and lectures. Restricted to SCM students. C. Cassa, T. Hall SCM.265[J] Global Supply Chain Management
(); first half of term
(Same subject as 1.265[J], 2.965[J], 15.765[J]) Prereq: 15.761, 15.778, SCM.260, SCM.261, or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: TR1-2.30 (6-120)
Focuses on the planning, processes, and activities of supply chain management for companies involved in international commerce. Students examine the end-to-end processes and operational challenges in managing global supply chains, such as the basics of global trade, international transportation, duty, taxes, trade finance and hedging, currency issues, outsourcing, cultural differences, risks and security, and green supply chains issues. Highly interactive format features student-led discussions, staged debates, and a mock trial. Includes assignments on case studies and sourcing analysis, as well as projects and a final exam. S. Willems No textbook information available SCM.266 Freight Transportation
(); second half of term
Prereq: SCM.260 Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR8.30-10 (E51-376)
Provides an in-depth introduction to the fundamental concepts and techniques related to the design, procurement, and management of freight transportation. Examines freight transportation as a bridging function for a firm, considering the physical flow of raw materials and finished goods as well as connections to suppliers and customers. Also covers how freight transportation insulates a firm's core operations from external disruptions and variability of supply and demand. C. Caplice, A. Acocella No textbook information available SCM.270 Current Challenges in Supply Chain Management
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-0 [P/D/F] Lecture: W4-5.30 (E51-057)
Each week students study and then discuss a case and/or article(s) related to a current challenge in supply chain management. Led by faculty and researchers in the MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics (CTL) along with invited guest speakers from industry. Topics highlight the current areas of research at CTL as well as other challenging issues from industry. Includes several required case write-ups or research papers. C. Caplice No required or recommended textbooks SCM.271 Logistics Systems Topics
()
(Subject meets with 1.260[J], 15.770[J], IDS.730[J], SCM.260[J]) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Provides an introduction to supply chain management from both analytical and practical perspectives. Taking a unified approach, students develop a framework for making intelligent decisions within the supply chain. Covers key logistics functions, such as demand planning, procurement, inventory theory and control, transportation planning and execution, reverse logistics, and flexible contracting. Explores concepts such as postponement, portfolio management, and dual sourcing. Emphasizes skills necessary to recognize and manage risk, analyze various tradeoffs, and model logistics systems. SCM.271 meets with SCM.260, but has fewer assignments. Restricted to students who previously completed the edX course SC1x Supply Chain Fundamentals. C. Caplice, D. Correll SCM.274 Databases and Data Analysis Topics for Supply Chain Management
(); second half of term
(Subject meets with SCM.264) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F]
Introduces databases, data analysis, and machine learning topics. Covers data modeling, relational databases, SQL queries, data mining, non-relational databases, and data warehouses. Introduces data analysis tools for visualization, regression, supervised and unsupervised techniques including principal component analysis and clustering. Term project includes implementation of data model, database, visualization and data analysis. SCM.274 meets with SCM.264 but requires fewer assignments and lectures. Restricted to SCM students. C. Cassa, T. Hall SCM.275 Advanced Supply Chain Systems Planning and Network Design
(); second half of term
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4
Explores the challenges of supply chain design in the dynamic and uncertain context of the contemporary supply chains. Introduces students to the most common decisions in supply chain design, the main trade-offs associated with those decisions, and the fundamental quantitative methods for used in supply chain design. Helps students translate a real-life business decision-making problem into a formal supply chain network design mathematical model. M. Janjevic SCM.281 Supply Chain Public Speaking Workshop
()
Prereq: None Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F] Lecture: F8.30-10 (E52-164) or F10-11.30 (E52-164)
Further develops and refines public speaking skills through engaging interactive workshops. Techniques learned will help students become dynamic and authentic speakers. Includes speaking preparation, practice sessions, tactics related to content and delivery, storytelling, and crafting presentations, always in relation to concepts and fundamentals of supply chain management. Restricted to SCM students. P. Cheek No required or recommended textbooks SCM.282 Supply Chain Leadership Workshop
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Designed to enhance your ability to manage and lead in challenging times through a series of self assessment instruments, case studies, and workshops. The objectives are to increase awareness of your strengths and weaknesses as a leader, provide a battery of instruments and surveys to help one understand the way one operates in an organizational setting, and offer strategies and tips on how to leverage one's strengths and work on areas in need of development. Restricted to SCM students. Staff SCM.283 Humanitarian Logistics
(); first half of term
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 URL: https://humanitarian.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Syllabus-2020-SCM283-HumanitarianLogistics.pdf Ends Mar 21. Lecture: MW1-2.30 (E25-117) Recitation: R EVE (5.30 PM) (E51-372)
Explores how logistics management improves response to humanitarian crises stemming from natural disasters, armed conflicts, epidemics, and famine. Class sessions combine online and class lectures, practical exercises, case discussions, and guest speakers. Provides students from various backgrounds with knowledge of the humanitarian context and fundamental supply chain concepts, as well as practice applying new knowledge in developing and communicating plans and policies to address realistic problems. J. Goentzel No required or recommended textbooks SCM.284 Humanitarian Logistics Project
(); second half of term
Prereq: SCM.283 Units: 1-0-5 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW1-2.30 (E51-390)
Students completing SCM.283 may enroll for an independent study project, to be completed individually or in a small group, during the second half of the semester. Projects aim to drive innovation and improvement in humanitarian action, utilizing data and information directly from sources such as the UN, Red Cross, national government agencies, NGOs, and/or the private sector. Most projects include direct engagement with leaders from the humanitarian organizations. J. Goentzel No required or recommended textbooks SCM.287[J] Global Aging & the Built Environment
()
(Same subject as 11.547[J]) Prereq: None Units: 3-0-9 Lecture: F2-5 (E40-210)
Combines classroom lectures/discussion, readings, site visits, and field study to provide students with experience in various research techniques including stakeholder analysis, interviewing, photography and image analysis, focus groups, etc. Students examine the impacts of global demographic transition, when there are more older than younger people in a population, and explore emerging challenges in the built environment (e.g., age-friendly community planning, public transportation access, acceptance of driverless cars, social wellbeing and connectivity, housing and community design, design and use of public and private spaces, and the public health implications of climate change and aging). J. Coughlin No required or recommended textbooks SCM.289 E-Commerce and Omnichannel Fulfillment Strategies
(); first half of term
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: TR10-11.30 (E52-164)
Explores supply chain challenges when implementing omnichannel strategies. Develops an in-depth understanding of how customers' expectations and e-commerce is transforming warehouses operations. Discusses the most relevant traditional warehouses operations and the most innovating fulfillment models in e-commerce and omnichannel. Includes presentations, guest speakers, team projects, and case discussions. E. Ponce, M. Rodriguez Garcia No required or recommended textbooks SCM.290 Sustainable Supply Chain Management
(); first half of term
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Ends Mar 21. Lecture: MW10-11.30 (E51-149)
Focuses on analyzing the environmental implications of logistics decisions in the supply chain, with special focus on the effect of green transportation, and the new trends in logistics sustainability within the context of growing urbanization and e-commerce. Studies practical alternatives on how to optimize CO2 emissions during last-mile operations by using geo-spatial analysis, and data analytics. Examines the delivery of "fast" and "green" in the new digital era, consumer relationship to sustainable products and services, and environmental costs of fast-shipping e-commerce. Covers supply chain carbon footprint, sustainable transportation, green vehicle routing, fleet assignment, truck consolidation, closed-loop supply chains, reverse logistics, green inventory management, and green consumer behavior. J. Velazquez No required or recommended textbooks SCM.291 Procurement Fundamentals
(); second half of term
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: MW10-11.30 (E51-149)
Introduces strategic procurement fundamentals to enhance both competitive advantage and resilience to supply chains. Covers frameworks and tools that managers use to elevate purchasing from an operational function to a strategic one. Includes both classic resilience- and cost-based portfolios, as well as modern perspectives, which consider sustainability and power. Combines theoretical and applied perspectives and is designed for students with or without previous procurement experience. Assessment based on case analysis and a final project. J. Rice No required or recommended textbooks SCM.293[J] Urban Last-Mile Logistics
(); second half of term
(Same subject as 1.263[J], 11.263[J]) Prereq: SCM.254 or permission of instructor Units: 2-0-4
Explores specific challenges of urban last-mile B2C and B2B distribution in both industrialized and emerging economies. Develops an in-depth understanding of the perspectives, roles, and decisions of all relevant stakeholder groups, from consumers to private sector decision makers and public policy makers. Discusses the most relevant traditional and the most promising innovating operating models for urban last-mile distribution. Introduces applications of the essential quantitative methods for the strategic design and tactical planning of urban last-mile distribution systems, including optimization and simulation. Covers basic facility location problems, network design problems, single- and multi-echelon vehicle routing problems, as well as associated approximation techniques. Requires intermediate coding skills in Python and independent quantitative analyses Python. M. Winkenbach SCM.294 Digital Supply Chain Transformation
(); first half of term
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4
Analyzes the factors involved in the digital transformation of supply chain relationships. Develops an in-depth understanding of the perspectives, roles, and decisions of relevant stakeholders in transforming supply chains in the digital era. Covers digital supply chain capabilities, the role of technology, processes and organizations, as well as digital platforms and performance. Discusses relevant case studies of digitally transformed supply chains, covering topics of long-term competitive advantage through operations and digital enhanced value generation. Includes presentations, guest speakers, team projects and case discussions, under experiential learning complementary approaches. M. Jesus Saenz SCM.295 Supply Chain Study Trek
(); partial termNot offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F]
Focuses on real world application of logistics and supply chain. Includes travel to on-site locations, company visits, facility operation tours, and partner presentations. Requires prior approval, detailed proposal, and final report. Staff SCM.301 Independent Study: Supply Chain Management
(, , , ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged
Opportunity for research in Supply Chain Management and Logistics on an individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement and supervision by staff. Fall: Staff IAP: Staff Spring: Staff Summer: Staff SCM.302 Independent Study: Supply Chain Management
(, , , ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F]
Opportunity for research in Supply Chain Management and Logistics on an individual or group basis. Registration subject to prior arrangement and supervision by staff. Fall: Staff IAP: Staff Spring: Staff Summer: Staff SCM.500 Studies in Supply Chain Management
()
Prereq: Permission of department Units: 0-0-42 [P/D/F]
Introduction to supply chain management in a series of online subjects followed by a comprehensive examination. Analytics: analysis and modeling, statistics, regression, optimization and probability. Fundamentals: concepts for logistics, demand forecasting, inventory planning, control, transportation planning, and execution. Design: network design, finance, supplier management, demand planning, and organization design. Dynamics: global supply chain management, system dynamics, risk management, case studies and simulations. Technology and systems: IT concepts, core systems, and data analysis. Restricted to students who successfully receive the MicroMasters Credential in Supply Chain Management and enroll in the SCM blended master's program. Y. Sheffi, CTL Staff No required or recommended textbooks SCM.800 Capstone Project in Supply Chain Management
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units arranged TBA.
Provides an opportunity for students to synthesize their coursework and professional experience in supply chain management. Students conduct research on a real-world problem of interest to supply chain practitioners. Projects may include site visits, in-person interviews and quantitative analysis of data provided by a sponsoring company, agency, or NGO. Students present their research results in both a report and to an audience of sponsors and supply chain executives. Restricted to SCM students. Fall: M. Jesus Saenz IAP: M. Jesus Saenz Spring: M. Jesus Saenz Summer: M. Jesus Saenz No required or recommended textbooks SCM.C51 Machine Learning Applications for Supply Chain Management
(); second half of term
Prereq: 6.C51 and (SCM.254 or permission of instructor) Units: 2-0-4 Begins Mar 31. Lecture: TR2.30-4 (E51-372)
Building on core material in 6.C51, applies selected machine learning models to build practical, data-driven implementations addressing key business problems in supply chain management. Discusses challenges that typically arise in these practical implementations. Addresses relevant elements for large scale productionalization and monitoring of machine learning models in practice. Students cannot receive credit without completion of the core subject 6.C51. I. Jackson No required or recommended textbooks SCM.S90 Special Subject: Supply Chain Management
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged
Opportunity for study of topics in Supply Chain Management not otherwise included in the curriculum. Fall: Staff Spring: Staff SCM.S91 Special Subject: Supply Chain Management
()
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Opportunity for study of topics in Supply Chain Management not otherwise included in the curriculum. Staff No required or recommended textbooks SCM.S92 Special Subject: Supply Chain Management
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F]
Opportunity for study of topics in Supply Chain Management not otherwise included in the curriculum. Fall: Staff Spring: Staff SCM.S93 Special Subject: Supply Chain Management
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged
Opportunity for study of topics in Supply Chain Management not otherwise included in the curriculum. Fall: Staff Spring: Staff SCM.S94 Special Subject: Supply Chain Management
(, )
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Opportunity for study of topics in Supply Chain Management not otherwise included in the curriculum. Fall: Staff Spring: Staff No required or recommended textbooks SCM.S95 Special Subject: Supply Chain Management
(, ) Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F]
Opportunity for study of topics in Supply Chain Management not otherwise included in the curriculum. Fall: Staff Spring: Staff SCM.THG Graduate Thesis
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units arranged TBA.
Program of research leading to the writing of a master's thesis on a relevant supply chain management topic. Arranged by the student with a member of the Center for Transportation and Logistics (CTL) research staff. Fall: M. Jesus Saenz IAP: M. Jesus Saenz Spring: M. Jesus Saenz Summer: M. Jesus Saenz No required or recommended textbooks SCM.UR Undergraduate Research
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Undergraduate research opportunities in Supply Chain Management. Fall: A. Mackin IAP: A. Mackin Spring: A. Mackin No required or recommended textbooks SCM.URG Undergraduate Research
(, , , )
Prereq: None Units arranged TBA.
Undergraduate research opportunities in Supply Chain Management. Fall: A. Mackin IAP: A. Mackin Spring: A. Mackin No required or recommended textbooks |
| | | SCM.000-SCM.999 | | | |
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Aerospace Studies
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ROTC subjects do not carry academic credit at MIT, but they can be counted toward the PE Requirement. Up to two points per year with a maximum of four points. Aerospace StudiesAS.101 Heritage and Values of the United States Air Force
()
Prereq: None. Coreq: AS.111 Units: 1-0-1
Survey course designed to introduce students to the United States Air Force. Provides an overview of the basic characteristics, missions, and organizations of the Air Force. A. Baptiste AS.102 Heritage and Values of the United States Air Force
()
Prereq: AS.101 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.112 Units: 1-0-1 Lecture: T2 (W59-073) +final
Survey course designed to introduce students to the United States Air Force. Provides an overview of the basic characteristics, missions, and organizations of the Air Force. AS.102 is a continuation of AS.101. S. Keith No textbook information available AS.111 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: None. Coreq: AS.101 Units: 0-2-2 [P/D/F]
First-year General Military Course. Includes a study of Air Force customs and courtesies, drill and ceremonies, and military commands. Also includes studying the environment of an Air Force officer and learning about areas of opportunity available to commissioned officers, as well as interviews, guidance, and information to increase the understanding, motivation, and performance of other cadets. S. Keith AS.112 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: AS.111 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.102 Units: 0-2-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: T3-5 (1-190)
Includes a study of Air Force customs and courtesies, drill and ceremonies, and military commands. Also includes studying the environment of an Air Force officer and learning about areas of opportunity available to commissioned officers, as well as interviews, guidance, and information to increase the understanding, motivation, and performance of other cadets. AS.112 is a continuation of AS.111. S. Keith No textbook information available AS.201 Team and Leadership Fundamentals
()
Prereq: AS.102 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.211 Units: 1-0-1
Focuses on laying the foundation for teams and leadership. Topics center on skills that allow cadets to improve their leadership on a personal level and within a team. Prepares cadets for their field training experience where they have the opportunity to put the concepts covered in to practice. Aims to instill a leadership mindset and motivate sophomore students to transition from AFROTC cadet to AFROTC officer candidate. Almira Baptiste AS.202 Team and Leadership Fundamentals
()
Prereq: AS.201 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.212 Units: 1-0-1 Lecture: T1 (W59-073) +final
Focuses on laying the foundation for teams and leadership. Topics center on skills that allow cadets to improve their leadership on a personal level and within a team. Prepares cadets for their field training experience where they have the opportunity to put the concepts covered in to practice. Aims to instill a leadership mindset and motivate sophomore students to transition from AFROTC cadet to AFROTC officer candidate. M. Sawyer No textbook information available AS.211 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: AS.112 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.201 Units: 0-2-2 [P/D/F]
Emphasizes development of techniques used to direct and inform. Students are assigned leadership and management positions in the AS.111 programs. AS.212 is a continuation of AS.211. S. Keith AS.212 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: AS.211 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.202 Units: 0-2-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: T3-5 (1-190)
Emphasizes development of techniques used to direct and inform. Students are assigned leadership and management positions in the AS.111 programs described above. AS.212 is a continuation of AS.211. S. Keith No textbook information available AS.301 Leading People and Effective Communication
()
Prereq: AS.202 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.311 Units: 3-0-6
Covers advanced skills and knowledge in management and leadership, with special emphasis on enhancing cadets' leadership skills and communication. Cadets have an opportunity to try out these leadership and management techniques in a supervised environment as juniors and seniors. E. Amato AS.302 Leading People and Effective Communication
()
Prereq: AS.301 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.312 Units: 3-0-3 Lecture: R3-4.30 (W59-073) +final
Covers advanced skills and knowledge in management and leadership, with special emphasis on enhancing cadets' leadership skills and communication. Cadets have an opportunity to try out these leadership and management techniques in a supervised environment as juniors and seniors. E. Amato No textbook information available AS.311 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: AS.212 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.301 Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F]
Consists of activities classified as advanced leadership experiences that involve the planning and controlling of military activities of the cadet corps and the preparation and presentation of briefings and other oral and written communications. Also includes interviews, guidance, and information to increase the understanding, motivation, and performance of other cadets. AS.312 is a continuation of AS.311. S. Keith AS.312 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: AS.311 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.302 Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F] Lecture: T3-5 (1-190)
Consists of activities classified as advanced leadership experiences that involve the planning and controlling of military activities of the cadet corps and the preparation and presentation of briefings and other oral and written communications. Also includes interviews, guidance, and information to increase the understanding, motivation, and performance of other cadets. AS.312 is a continuation of AS.311. S. Keith No textbook information available AS.401 National Security Affairs/Preparation for Active Duty
()
Prereq: AS.302 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.411 Units: 3-0-9
Designed for college seniors, providing them the foundation to understand their role as military officers in American society. Includes an overview of the complex social and political issues facing the military profession and requires a measure of sophistication commensurate with the senior college level. S. Keith AS.402 National Security Affairs/Preparation for Active Duty
()
Prereq: AS.401 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.412 Units: 3-0-3 Lecture: W3-5 (1-132)
Designed for college seniors, providing them the foundation to understand their role as military officers in American society. Includes an overview of the complex social and political issues facing the military profession and requires a measure of sophistication commensurate with the senior college level. Provides information that prepares cadets for active duty. S. Keith No textbook information available AS.411 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: AS.312 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.401 Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F]
Consists of activities classified as advanced leadership experiences that involve the planning and controlling of military activities of the cadet corps, and the preparation and presentation of briefings and other oral and written communications. Also includes interviews, guidance, and information to increase the understanding, motivation, and performance of other cadets. AS.412 is a continuation of AS.411. S. Keith AS.412 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: AS.411 or permission of instructor; Coreq: AS.402 Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F] Lecture: T3-5 (1-190)
Consists of activities classified as advanced leadership experiences that involve the planning and controlling of military activities of the cadet corps, and the preparation and presentation of briefings and other oral and written communications. Also includes interviews, guidance, and information to increase the understanding, motivation, and performance of other cadets. AS.412 is a continuation of AS.411. S. Keith No textbook information available AS.511 Leadership Laboratory
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: AS.412 or permission of instructor Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F]
Consists of activities classified as advanced leadership experiences to continue developing critical leadership, managerial and communication skills along with maintaining an active, physical lifestyle needed in today's Air Force. AS.512 is a continuation of AS.511. P. Dela Cruz AS.512 Leadership Laboratory
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: AS.511 or permission of instructor Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F]
Consists of activities classified as advanced leadership experiences to continue developing critical leadership, managerial and communication skills along with maintaining an active, physical lifestyle needed in today's Air Force. AS.512 is a continuation of AS.511. Staff AS.811 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: AS.411 or permission of instructor Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F]
Consists of activities classified as advanced leadership experiences to continue developing critical leadership, managerial and communication skills, along with maintaining an active, physical lifestyle needed in today's Air Force. S. Keith AS.812 Leadership Laboratory
()
Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F] Lecture: T3-5 (1-190)
Cadets develop critical leadership, managerial and communication skills while maintaining an active, physical lifestyle needed in today's Air Force. Consists of activities classified as advanced leadership experiences that involve mentoring the cadet corps, special projects, and event planning. S. Keith No textbook information available |
| | | AS.00-AS.999 | | | |
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Military Science
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ROTC subjects do not carry academic credit at MIT, but they can be counted toward the PE requirement. Up to two points per year with a maximum of four points. Military ScienceMS.101 Introduction to the Army and Critical Thinking
(, )
Prereq: None. Coreq: MS.102 Units: 1-3-2 Lecture: M7.30-9 (NORTH SHORE)
Introduces students to the personal challenges and competencies that are critical for effective leadership and communication. Explores how the personal development of cultural understanding, goal setting, time management, stress management and comprehensive fitness relate to leadership, officership, and the Army profession. Fall: R. Amundson Spring: R. Amundson No textbook information available MS.102 Introduction to the Profession of Arms
(, )
Prereq: None. Coreq: MS.101 Units: 1-3-2 Lecture: W8-9.30 (W59-159)
Introduces students to the professional challenges and competencies that are needed for effective execution of the profession of arms and Army communication. Explores how Army ethics and values shape the Army and the specific ways they are inculcated into Army culture. Investigates the Army leadership dimensions, attributes, and core competencies and gain practical experience using critical communication skills. Fall: R. Amundson Spring: R. Amundson No textbook information available MS.110 American Military History
()
Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Lecture: T3-5 (W59-159)
Develops an understanding of the effects the US military and American society have on each other through thematic exploration of American military history in the context of broader US history, and military strategy and global involvement. Through readings, oral and written presentations, and exams, students describe the role of the US military, its evolution, and its impact on society and technology; and critically analyze an armed conflict using the principles of war. S. Mcdonough No textbook information available MS.201 Leadership and Decision Making
()
Prereq: MS.102 or permission of instructor Units: 2-3-1
Familiarizes students with the professional practice of ethics within the Army by exploring Army values and ethics along with the fundamentals of leadership, personal development, and tactics at the small unit level. Explores ethical and tactical decision-making case studies. Students required to demonstrate writing skills and present information briefings as preparation for development in becoming successful future officers. S. Baker MS.202 Army Doctrine and Team Development
()
Prereq: MS.201 or permission of instructor Units: 2-3-1 Lecture: W6-8 (W59-147) Lab: F8-10 (NORTH SHORE)
Students practice and apply fundamentals of Army leadership, officership, Army values and ethics, personal development, and small unit tactics at the squad level. Provides systematic and specific feedback on individual leader attributes, values, and core leader competencies. Students demonstrate writing skills and present information briefings as preparation for development in becoming successful future officers. S. Baker No textbook information available MS.301 Applied Team Leadership
()
Prereq: MS.202 or permission of instructor Units: 3-6-3
Develops student proficiency in planning and executing complex operations, functioning as a leader of small and medium sized teams, assessing operational environments, accepting prudent risk, and leading fellow students. Through assignment to leadership positions in the ROTC Battalion, students are directly responsible for the training, development, and well-being of underclass students assigned to their charge. Students learn how the Army operates and how to integrate the warfighting functions. S. Mcclanahan MS.302 Applied Leadership in Small Unit Operations
()
Prereq: MS.301 or permission of instructor Units: 3-6-3 Lecture: R8-11 (W59-147) Lab: W2-5 (W59-147)
Familiarizes students with group dynamics and how personal identity influences leadership. Students explore bases of power, influence tactics, and leadership self-assessments. Through assignment to leadership positions in the ROTC Battalion, students are responsible for the training, development, and well-being of underclass students. Students experiment with counseling, receive peer feedback, and explore elements of the Army Profession. Students build competence with the basics of maneuvering a platoon, the principles of patrolling including raids, recons, and ambushes. S. Mcclanahan No textbook information available MS.401 Officership: Mission Command and the Army Officer
()
Prereq: MS.302 Units: 3-6-3
Develops proficiency in planning and executing complex operations, functioning as a member of an organizational staff, assessing risk, making ethical decisions, and leading fellow students. Through assignment to leadership positions in the ROTC Battalion, students plan and lead the execution of labs, directing and controlling the corps of cadets, enhancing their oral and written communications, and improving their application of troop-leading procedures and problem solving. T. Allen MS.402 Officership: Mission Command and Company Grade Leadership
()
Prereq: MS.401 Units: 3-6-3 Lecture: T7.30-9.30 (W59-147) Lab: R3-5 (NORTH SHORE)
Examines the US National Security Structure and how the Army operates as part of the joint force in a whole of government approach. Studies how various operational variables affect military operations. Through assignment to leadership positions, students actively plan and execute training within the program, direct and control an organization, enhance oral and written communications, and apply troop-leading procedures. Students also examine past leaders through a staff ride to the battlefields of Lexington and Concord. T. Allen No textbook information available |
| | | MS.00-MS.499 | | | |
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Naval Science
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ROTC subjects do not carry academic credit at MIT, but they can be counted toward the PE requirement. Up to two points per year with a maximum of four points. Naval ScienceNS.100 Naval Science Leadership Seminar
(, )
(Subject meets with NS.200, NS.300, NS.400) Prereq: None Units: 0-2-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: W6.30-8.30 (3-270)
Leadership seminar addresses professional issues of military leadership, ethics, foreign policy, internal affairs and naval warfare doctrine. Subject matter centers on preparation for commissioned service in the US Naval Forces by examining the role of the junior officer in the employment of naval power. Mostly student originated, the periods include panel discussions, practical applications, guest lecturers from academia, and speakers currently serving in deployed naval forces. Fall: B. Connors Spring: B. Connors No required or recommended textbooks NS.11 Introduction to Naval Science
()
Prereq: None. Coreq: NS.100 Units: 3-0-3
Introduction to Naval Science. General introduction to the US Navy and Marine Corps. Emphasizes organizational structure, warfare components, and assigned roles/missions of US Navy/USMC. Covers all aspects of naval service from its relative position within DOD, to specific warfare communities/career paths. Also includes basic elements of leadership/Navy core values. Designed to give student initial exposure to many elements of naval culture. Provides students with conceptual framework and working vocabulary. Completion of MIT NROTC Orientation Program strongly recommended. R. Seiffert NS.12 Seapower and Maritime Affairs
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR7.30-9 (W59-149)
A study of the US Navy and the influence of sea power upon history. Incorporates both a historical and political science process to explore the major events, attitudes, personalities, and circumstances which have imbued the US Navy with its proud history and rich tradition. Deals with issues of national imperatives in peacetime as well as war, varying maritime philosophies which were interpreted into naval strategies/doctrines, budgetary concerns which shaped force realities, and the pursuit of American diplomatic objectives, concluding with the current search for direction in the post-Cold War era and beyond. R. Seiffert No required or recommended textbooks NS.200 Naval Science Leadership Seminar
(, )
(Subject meets with NS.100, NS.300, NS.400) Prereq: None Units: 0-2-2 [P/D/F] Lecture: W6.30-8.30 (3-270)
Leadership seminar addresses professional issues of military leadership, ethics, foreign policy, internal affairs and naval warfare doctrine. Subject matter centers on preparation for commissioned service in the US Naval Forces by examining the role of the junior officer in the employment of naval power. Mostly student originated, the periods include panel discussions, practical applications, guest lecturers from academia, and speakers currently serving in deployed naval forces. Fall: Connors, Brendan Joseph Spring: Connors, Brendan Joseph No required or recommended textbooks NS.21 Leadership and Management
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Explores leadership from the military perspective taught by professors of military science from the Army, Navy and Air Force. Survey of basic principles for successfully managing and leading people, particularly in public service and the military. Develops skills in topics such as oral and written communication techniques, planning, team building, motivation, ethics, decision-making, and managing change. Relies heavily on interactive experiential classes with case studies, student presentations, role plays, and discussion. Also appropriate for non-management science majors. J. Huck NS.22 Navigation
()
Prereq: NS.11 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR7.30-9 (W59-051)
Comprehensive study of the theory, principles, and procedures of piloting and maritime navigation, including mathematics of navigation, practical work involving navigational instruments, sight reduction by <em>pro forma</em> and computerized methods, charts, publications, and voyage planning. CORTRAMID cruise recommended. G. Davis No required or recommended textbooks NS.300 Naval Science Leadership Seminar
(, )
(Subject meets with NS.100, NS.200, NS.400) Prereq: None Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F] Lecture: W6.30-8.30 (3-270)
Leadership seminar addresses professional issues of military leadership, ethics, foreign policy, internal affairs and naval warfare doctrine. Subject matter centers on preparation for commissioned service in the US Naval Forces by examining the role of the junior officer in the employment of naval power. Mostly student originated, the periods include panel discussions, practical applications, guest lecturers from academia, and speakers currently serving in deployed naval forces. Fall: B. Connors Spring: B. Connors No required or recommended textbooks NS.31 Naval Ships Systems I: Engineering
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Lecture series on technological fundamentals of applied and planned naval ships Systems from an engineering viewpoint. Topics include stability, propulsion, ship control and systems. M. Monahan NS.32 Naval Ship Systems II Weapons
()
Prereq: NS.31 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR7.30-9 (W59-172)
Overview of the properties and behavior of electromagnetic radiation pertaining to maritime applications. Topics include communications, radar detection, electro-optics, tracking and guidance systems. Sonar and underwater sound propagation also discussed. Examples taken from systems found on naval ships and aircraft. Selected readings on naval weapons and fire control systems. Physics I (GIR) and Calculus II (GIR) recommended. M. Monahan No required or recommended textbooks NS.33 Evolution of Warfare
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6
Traces development of warfare from dawn of recorded history to present, focusing on the impact of major military theorists, strategists, tacticians, and technological developments. Seeks to understand the relationships between military training, weaponry, strategies and tactics, and the societies and cultures that produce and then are defended by those military structures. By examining the association between a society and its military, students acquire basic sense of strategy, develop an understanding of military alternatives, and see the impact of historical precedents on military thoughts and actions. Staff NS.400 Naval Science Leadership Seminar
(, )
(Subject meets with NS.100, NS.200, NS.300) Prereq: None Units: 0-2-4 [P/D/F] Lecture: W6.30-8.30 (3-270)
Leadership seminar addresses professional issues of military leadership, ethics, foreign policy, internal affairs and naval warfare doctrine. Subject matter centers on preparation for commissioned service in the US Naval Forces by examining the role of the junior officer in the employment of naval power. Mostly student originated, the periods include panel discussions, practical applications, guest lecturers from academia, and speakers currently serving in deployed naval forces. Fall: B. Connors Spring: B. Connors No required or recommended textbooks NS.41 Navigation and Naval Operations
()
Prereq: NS.22 or permission of instructor Units: 3-0-6
Comprehensive study of tactical and strategic considerations to the employment of naval forces, including communications, tactical formations and dispositions, relative motion, maneuvering board, and nautical rules of the road. M. Monahan NS.42 Leadership and Ethics
()
Prereq: NS.21 Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR7.30-9 (W59-172)
Analyzes ethical decision-making and leadership principles. Students read and discuss texts written by such philosophers as Aristotle, Kant, and Mill to gain familiarity with the realm of ethical theory. Students then move on to case studies in which they apply these theories to resolve moral dilemmas. Provides a basic background in the duties and responsibilities of a junior division and watch officer; strong emphasis on the junior officer's responsibilities in training, counseling, and career development. Student familiarization with equal opportunity and drug/alcohol rehabilitation programs. Principles of leadership reinforced through leadership case studies. J. Houdeshell No required or recommended textbooks NS.43 Fundamentals of Maneuver Warfare
()
Prereq: None Units: 3-0-6 Lecture: TR7.30-9 (W59-164)
Introduces the United States Marine Corps' historical operating concepts as well as the employment of current doctrine known as "maneuver warfare." Utilizes historical examples from past military campaigns, as well as the current Marine Corps' doctrine and philosophy, to increase the student's critical thinking and decision-making ability. Aims to create future leaders capable of identifying and solving complex problems in future operating environments across the spectrum of conflict. Module one outlines the fundamental concepts, themes, and historical conflicts involving and relating to maneuver warfare. Module two articulates and describes the Marine Corps' current warfighting doctrine. Module three describes the Marine Corps' future operating concept and advancement of warfighting doctrine. B. Connors No textbook information available |
| | | NS.00-NS.499 | | | |
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Science, Technology, and Society |
| | | Undergraduate: STS.001-STS.100 plus STS.THT and STS.THU | | | Graduate: STS.210-STS.910 plus STS.THG | | | |
Undergraduate Subjects
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| | | Undergraduate: STS.001-STS.100 plus STS.THT and STS.THU | | | Graduate: STS.210-STS.910 plus STS.THG | | | |
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Engineering School-Wide Electives
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System Design and Management for a Changing World: Combined
()
(Offered under: 1.146, 16.861, EM.422, IDS.332) Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 3-0-9
Practical-oriented subject that builds upon theory and methods and culminates in extended application. Covers methods to identify, value, and implement flexibility in design (real options). Topics include definition of uncertainties, simulation of performance for scenarios, screening models to identify desirable flexibility, decision analysis, and multidimensional economic evaluation. Students demonstrate proficiency through an extended application to a system design of their choice. Complements research or thesis projects. Class is "flipped" to maximize student engagement and learning. Meets with IDS.333 in the first half of term. Enrollment limited. R. de Neufville Ethics for Engineers
(, )
(Offered under: 1.082, 2.900, 6.9320, 10.01, 16.676) Prereq: None Units: 2-0-4 Lecture: M3-5 (66-148) or T3-5 (66-148) or W3-5 (66-148) or W EVE (7-9 PM) (66-148)
Explores how to be an ethical engineer. Students examine engineering case studies alongside key readings by foundational ethical thinkers from Aristotle to Martin Luther King, Jr., and investigate which ethical approaches are best and how to apply them. Topics include justice, rights, cost-benefit analysis, safety, bias, genetic engineering, climate change, and the promise and peril of AI. Discussion-based, with the aim of introducing students to new ways of thinking. All sections cover the same core ethical frameworks, but some sections have a particular focus for case studies, such as bioengineering, or have an in-depth emphasis on particular thinkers. The subject is taught in separate sections. Students are eligible to take any section regardless of their registered subject number. For 20.005, students additionally undertake an ethical-technical analysis of a BE-related topic of their choosing. Fall: B. L. Trout, P. Hansen, D. Lauffenburger, K. Hansen Spring: P. Hansen, L. Guarente, D. Lauffenburger, K. Hansen No textbook information available Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
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(Offered under: 1.021, 3.021, 10.333, 22.00) Prereq: 18.03 or permission of instructor Units: 4-0-8 Lecture: TR3-4.30 (4-231) Recitation: W3 (4-153)
Basic concepts of computer modeling and simulation in science and engineering. Uses techniques and software for simulation, data analysis and visualization. Continuum, mesoscale, atomistic and quantum methods used to study fundamental and applied problems in physics, chemistry, materials science, mechanics, engineering, and biology. Examples drawn from the disciplines above are used to understand or characterize complex structures and materials, and complement experimental observations. M. Buehler, A. Hoffman No textbook information available Management in Engineering
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(Offered under: 2.96, 6.9360, 10.806, 16.653) Prereq: None Units: 3-1-8
Introduction and overview of engineering management. Financial principles, management of innovation, technical strategy and best management practices. Case study method of instruction emphasizes participation in class discussion. Focus is on the development of individual skills and management tools. Restricted to juniors and seniors. J-H Chun, A. Weiss UPOP Engineering Practice Experience
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(Offered under: 1.EPE, 2.EPE, 3.EPE, 6.EPE, 8.EPE, 10.EPE, 15.EPE, 16.EPE, 20.EPE, 22.EPE) Prereq: None Units: 0-0-1 [P/D/F] Lab: M11 (3-333) or M1 (1-390) or T1 (3-333) or F11 (3-333) or F1 (3-333)
Provides students with skills to prepare for and excel in the world of industry. Emphasizes practical application of career theory and professional development concepts. Introduces students to relevant and timely resources for career development, provides students with tools to embark on a successful internship search, and offers networking opportunities with employers and MIT alumni. Students work in groups, led by industry mentors, to improve their resumes and cover letters, interviewing skills, networking abilities, project management, and ability to give and receive feedback. Objective is for students to be able to adapt and contribute effectively to their future employment organizations. A total of two units of credit is awarded for completion of the fall and subsequent spring term offerings. Application required; consult UPOP website for more information. Fall: T. DeRoche. M. Vazquez Sanchez IAP: T. DeRoche. M. Vazquez Sanchez Spring: T. DeRoche. M. Vazquez Sanchez No textbook information available UPOP Engineering Practice Workshop
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(Offered under: 1.EPW, 2.EPW, 3.EPW, 6.EPW, 10.EPW, 16.EPW, 20.EPW, 22.EPW) Prereq: 2.EPE Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F] Lab: TBA
Provides sophomores across all majors with opportunities to develop and practice communication, teamwork, and problem-solving skills to become successful professionals in the workplace, particularly in preparation for their summer industry internship. This immersive, multi-day Team Training Workshop (TTW) is comprised of experiential learning modules focused on expanding skills in areas that employers report being most valuable in the workplace. Modules are led by MIT faculty with the help of MIT alumni and other senior industry professionals. Skills applied through creative simulations, team problem-solving challenges, oral presentations, and networking sessions with prospective employers. Enrollment limited to those in the UPOP program. Fall: M. Vazquez Sanchez, T. DeRoche IAP: M.Vazquez Sanchez, T.DeRoche Spring: T. DeRoche. M. Vazquez Sanchez No textbook information available |
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Special Programs
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Interphase EDGE Interphase EDGE: Pre-First-Year Summer ComponentSP.100 Interphase
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Prereq: Commitment to register as a first-year student in the Fall Units arranged [P/D/F]
Interphase is a seven-week program designed to enhance the academic success of students entering MIT. The program has a dual focus: it gives students an introduction to the MIT experience by exposing them to the rigors of a full subject load while simultaneously preparing them for academic success beyond MIT. The program includes calculus; chemistry; physical education; physics; writing, oral presentation and teamwork skills; and supporting academic activities, including small-group learning. Students can earn transcript credit for subjects taken in the program, sometimes resulting in advanced placement in corresponding subjects taken in the Fall. Activities include day trips to area cultural, recreational, and business sites. Students participate in a range of personal and educational development seminars and activities designed to ensure their smooth transition to college life. Staff
Teaching and Learning LabSP.200 Teaching Development Fellows Network: Experience Designing and Facilitating Educational Development
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units: 1-0-1 [P/D/F] 1st mtg 2/6 at 2pm. Room e19-607. Lecture: TBA
Project-based subject. Students design teaching-development programs and resources that support graduate student teaching in their departments. Instruction provided in advanced topics in teaching and learning, workshop design and facilitation, peer observation, and other topics in educational development under the supervision of the Teaching + Learning Lab staff. Students are selected by an application process and require permission from their department and concurrent appointment as a Teaching Development Fellow. Fellows register for this subject in the spring and fall. Enrollment limited by availability of suitable Teaching Development Fellow positions. Fall: B. Hansberry Spring: B. Hansberry No textbook information available Institute-wide Discovery SubjectsSP.245 The Sum of All Courses
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-0 [P/D/F]
Provides an overview of the wide variety of majors and joint majors as well as minors and concentrations at MIT. At each lecture, faculty from two to three departments describe their fields. One-hour seminars and panels are given on informative and engaging topics such as, "The Rationale Behind the MIT Curriculum," "The Purpose of an Education," "Integrating by Parts and Other Life Hacks," "Etiquette and Why it Is Important," "So, Darwin, Shakespeare, and Newton Walk into a Bar," "How to Avoid Burnout," "What is your Implicit Bias?," "How to be a Good Human," "Social Impact, Unintended Consequences, and Moral Hazards," and include panel discussions with MIT Administration and MIT's Distinguished Professors. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. Limited to 1132; preference to first-year students. Staff SP.246 The Future: Global Challenges and Questions
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Explores global challenges through the perspective of an array of majors / disciplines at MIT. Generative and creative questioning activities and reflective discussions introduce the intellectual breadth at the Institute and provide students with tools to develop their ability to question the world and their place in it. Aims to inspire and guide students to consider how they will shape and become a part of the future they want. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. D. Darmofal SP.247 Exploring Majors at the Intersection of Engineering, Life Sciences, and Medicine
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-0-2 [P/D/F] Credit cannot also be received for SP.247A
Interactive introduction to the several majors at MIT that offer curricula bridging engineering and life sciences, through presentations by faculty, current students, and alumni. Representatives of these departments (Courses 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 6-7, 7, 9, 10, and 20, as well as the BME minor) cover aptitudes of typical students, culture, class offerings and roadmaps, and unique opportunities. Provides first-year students practical advice about how to select, prepare for and thrive in each major. Students taking 3-unit version of SP.247 complete reflection papers outside of class. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. S. A. Clarke, M. Jonas SP.247A Exploring Majors at the Intersection of Engineering, Life Sciences, and Medicine
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-0-0 [P/D/F] Credit cannot also be received for SP.247 URL: IAP URL: https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/n9qwwgicf6mwwtj6ycn04/SP.247A_Syllabus_IAP24.doc?rlkey=wm4syi9n3k6sifcxl2m49mh97&dl=0
Interactive introduction to the several majors at MIT that offer curricula bridging engineering and life sciences, through presentations by faculty, current students, and alumni. Representatives of these departments (Courses 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 6-7, 7, 9, 10, and 20, as well as the BME minor) cover aptitudes of typical students, culture, class offerings and roadmaps, and unique opportunities. Provides first-year students practical advice about how to select, prepare for and thrive in each major. One-unit version of SP.247 does not include work outside of class. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year students. S. A. Clarke, M. Jonas SP.248 The NEET Experience
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Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Gives first-year students an opportunity to explore various interdisciplinary domains, or threads — Autonomous Machines, Climate and Sustainability Systems, Digital Cities, and Living Machines — all of which are a part of the New Engineering Education Transformation (NEET) program. Students gain knowledge and skills in those domains through interactions with NEET faculty, instructors, and students and exercise their algorithmic, creative, and systems thinking through team-based challenges. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. R. Lavi SP.250 Transforming Good Intentions into Good Outcomes
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Explores hard choices, ethical dilemmas, and the risk of failure in the humanitarian, tech, climate change, and health sectors. Students examine case studies based on challenges faced by MIT alums, faculty, staff, students or community practitioners, and engage in simulations and facilitated discussions. Exposes students to ethical frameworks and standards for social engagement and intervention. Considers the choices faced, stakeholders involved, possible impact, and relevant MIT resources. Students produce a set of guiding questions to ask of themselves and others as they embark on social change work. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 20; preference to first-year students. A. Hynd SP.251 How to Change the World: Experiences from Social Entrepreneurs
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Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F] URL: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FNUOgk3C5yhTb6S4nmh60bMiEC32xii_v_eCEGnHCUU/edit Lecture: T3-4.30 (1-132)
Every week, students meet a new role model who demonstrates what it means to change the world through social entrepreneurship, technology, or policy. Each session covers an aspect of social entrepreneurship, from identifying opportunities for change to innovation within specific topic areas to impact investing. Through these speakers, students gain a greater understanding of how technology-based, impactful solutions can address global challenges. Students learn to identify and address social and environmental problems and understand the relevance of this work for their time at MIT. By the end of the term, students identify what problems are of personal interest, and are connected to resources to continue their journey of social impact during their time at MIT. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first year-students. Limited to 25; preference to first-year students. A. Dale No required or recommended textbooks SP.252 Careers in Medicine
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Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Explores careers in medicine and health care. Additionally, explores potential majors for students looking to go into these different careers, which include physicians, physician-scientists, research scientists, biomedical engineers, bioinformatics analysts, computational biologists, health data scientists, health system managers, and health economists. Majors could include biological engineering, biology, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, and more. Allows students to explore how they can have an impact in the field of medicine in a variety of different ways. Exposes students to career paths that are patient-facing (clinical) as well as career paths that are behind the scenes. Includes field trips to nearby labs and companies. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 25; preference to first-year students. A. Rosser SP.253 Challenge Your Self-Identity to Grow and Achieve Life and Career Happiness
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-0-1 [P/D/F]
Are your goals your own? Or do they represent what others wish for you to achieve? Have the evil tendrils of imposter syndrome ever plagued you? We are our own worst enemies when it comes to our success in our lives and careers. Throughout our lives, we absorb labels, identities, and imposed goals from those around us. Reflecting, and broadening these goals can help one break out of fixed thinking and start focusing on how to communicate their ideas and goals to others. This course seeks to challenge students to shift from a static mindset into one of growth, seek contentedness through purpose, and gain skills to better present themselves and their ideas. Instructional activities will include self-reflection (written/oral), interviews, alum panels, and short assignments outside the classroom. Outside assignments include individual and group work. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 25; preference for first-year students. Staff SP.254 Low Carbon Energy in Research and Application
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Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
One of the major challenges of our time is to provide more energy to a growing world population while simultaneously reducing carbon emissions to combat climate change. Climate science shows that it is urgent to accomplish this soon, as the residence times of most greenhouse gasses are large. Subject offers exposure to relevant research that is being done in this context at MIT. Students review short papers on low carbon technologies and climate change; hear from faculty, researchers, and industry representatives associated with the MITEI Low Carbon Energy Centers; and create a digital story exploring the connections between the challenges, research, and current deployment of technologies. Offers context to students' future academic work and exposes students to ways in which many MIT majors apply to energy. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. A. Danielson SP.255 Eating Culture: An Exploration of Cultures around the World through Food
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 1-0-1 [P/D/F]
Introduces students to different cultures around the world via the culinary dishes they enjoy. Examines the varying histories, climates, migration patterns and religions that shape a culture. Each class, students explore and--of course!--taste one dish from one country. Work outside of class includes readings and films which reveal the cultural meanings of food. May include field trips to restaurants or neighborhoods in Boston and Cambridge. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 15. Staff SP.256 Informed Philanthropy in Theory and Action
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Prereq: None Units: 1-0-1 [P/D/F]
Explores the potential and pitfalls of philanthropy as a mechanism for social change. Students assess the work of community agencies to address challenges and opportunities facing MIT's neighboring communities, with particular focus on community representation, equity, and social justice. Class culminates with students making a group decision on how the Learning by Giving Foundation (which is partnering with the class) will disperse $10,000 to local community agencies. Each session includes a presentation by a local community agency, grant-making foundation, and/or individual philanthropist. Through class discussion and supporting materials, students examine the interaction between philanthropy and social change, including the role of philanthropists past and present in shaping social change and social conservatism. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 20. A. Hynd No textbook information available SP.257 MISTI Career Connections: Energy
()Not offered regularly; consult department Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Provides students with an opportunity to network and think strategically about their global careers in the energy sector. Content is international, drawing from MISTI's global network of companies and institutions, and professionals, with attention to energy research and skills necessary to work in the energy field. Through weekly discussion-based sessions, students learn from numerous sources: MISTI hosts, MITEI, alumni, and more. As a First-Year Discovery subject, focuses on career goals and skills, providing both a global and local perspective on energy topics. Open to students of all levels and disciplines, students can learn from each other and consider personal and professional goals in a multidisciplinary and international capacity. This subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Staff SP.258 MISTI: Middle East Cross-Border Development and Leadership
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Prereq: None Units: 2-0-1 [P/D/F]
Provides opportunities to network and think strategically about challenges facing the Middle East and how situations can benefit from multi-disciplinary, cross-border solutions. Focus is international, with students working alongside peers from Israeli-Palestinian organizations. Through monthly professional development sessions with guest lecturers, weekly discussion-based sessions focused on the culture and history of the Middle East, and a group project, students explore what challenges face the Middle East and what skills are needed to address them. Networking opportunities with industry leaders and peers in the region provided. Open to students of all levels and disciplines. This subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. Limited to 20. P. Krause, S. Koltai, A. Manielevitch, & D. Dolev SP.259 Pathways to Social Justice at MIT and Beyond
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Prereq: None Units: 1-1-1 [P/D/F]
This course explores student pathways to support social change and social justice efforts within the greater Boston region and how students can be agents of change throughout their lives. Students are introduced to ethical, reciprocal, and community-informed approaches to creating social change through readings, lectures, class discussions, critical reflection, and direct service experiences with local community organizations. This course also aims to create a supportive community for undergraduate students to build a network of thoughtful MIT stakeholders dedicated to creating social good in the world. Subject offered by the PKG Public Service Center. Subject can count toward the 6-unit discovery-focused credit limit for first-year students. V. Yee
TerrascopeTerrascope Home Evaluations (Certificates Required) For descriptions of subjects offered through the Terrascope Program, refer to 12.000 Solving Complex Problems and 1.016 Design for Complex Environmental Issues: Building Solutions and Communicating Ideas. SP.310 Engagement and Discovery Through the Terrascope Field Experience
(); partial term
Prereq: None Units: 1-1-1 [P/D/F] Lecture: TBA
Each spring, first-year students in the Terrascope Learning Community spend a week exploring a sustainability-related problem in an off-campus site. During the trip, students engage with communities affected by the problem and people taking a wide range of approaches to address it. In this course, students will integrate and communicate their experience from the trip, with the aim of deepening their consideration of the year's problem and how the field experience impacts their thoughts about their own pathways through MIT and beyond. Students will learn about best practices and opportunities for civic engagement related to the year's topic, and they will explore ways of communicating their learnings from the field experience. Limited to first-year students participating in the Terrascope spring break field experience. D. McGee No textbook information available SP.35UR Undergraduate Research in Terrascope
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Prereq: None Units arranged [P/D/F] TBA.
Undergraduate research opportunities in Terrascope. Fall: A. Epstein IAP: A. Epstein Spring: A. Epstein No required or recommended textbooks SP.360 Terrascope Radio
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Prereq: None Units: 3-3-6 Lecture: TR2-5 (16-168)
An exploration of radio as a medium of expression and communication, particularly the communication of complex scientific or technical information to general audiences. Examines the ingredients of effective radio programming, drawing extensively on examples from both commercial and public radio. Student teams produce, assemble, narrate, record and broadcast/webcast radio programs on topics related to the complex environmental issue that is the focus of the year's Terrascope subjects. Includes multiple individual writing assignments that explore the constraints and opportunities in radio as a medium. Limited to 15 first-year students. A. W. Epstein Textbooks (Spring 2025) SP.361 Majors and Careers Through a Terrascope Lens
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Prereq: None Units: 1-0-1 [P/D/F]
MIT alumni pursuing sustainability-oriented careers describe ways in which their major and career choices have provided them with the lenses through which they see the problems they work to solve. Students participate in guided reflection, focused on making the discussion relevant to their own personal situations and affinities. Students strengthen their ability to think deeply about their goals, for MIT and for the world beyond, and come into direct contact with alumni who can continue to mentor them through this process. Open to all undergraduates, regardless of Terrascope affiliation. D. McGee, A. W. Epstein No required or recommended textbooks SP.3S50 Special Subject: Terrascope
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Prereq: Permission of instructor Units arranged TBA.
Covers areas of study not included in the regular Terrascope curriculum. Preference to students in Terrascope. Fall: A. Epstein Spring: A. Epstein No required or recommended textbooks
First-Year/Alumni Summer Internship Program |
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